RESUMO
Primary testicular lymphoma (PTL) is a rare form of extranodal lymphoma and accounts for approximately 1 to 2 % of all non-Hodgkins lymphoma and 5 % of testicular malignancies. PTL typically affects patients older than 60 years. The most common clinical symptom is painless scrotal swelling. The ultrasound of testicles followed by orchiectomy and histological and imunohistochemical examinations are the most important tools for diagnostic assessment. Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common histological type of PTL. Orchiectomy is an important part of the treatment, which includes the combination of systemic imunochemotherapy and prophylactic modalities such as radiotherapy of contralateral testis and central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis. This combined treatment approach improved the outcome of patients with PTL, however, the high frequency of extranodal relapses including CNS involvement represents a significant problem. The prognosis of PTL still remains less favorable in comparison to the some subtypes of non-Hodgkins lymphomas.Key words: central nervous system lymphoma involvement prophylaxis - primary testicular lymphoma - prognosis - radiotherapy - relapse.