[A case of advanced primary colorectal carcinoma accompanied by liver metastasis in which ileus developed due to marked fibrosis with cicatricial formation in primary colorectal cancer treated by chemotherapy including bevacizumab].

A 64-year-old woman was introduced to our hospital with liver tumors. Our examination revealed that she had advanced colon carcinoma with multiple liver metastasis. Without symptoms from the primary cancer, she underwent chemotherapy of avastin FOLFOX. After 2 courses of chemotherapy, she suffered ileus and underwent operation. The resected specimen showed marked tumor necrosis and fibrosis, but few tumor cells remained in the primary lesion. We think this was a rare case of suffered ileus because of marked response of chemotherapy in primary colon carcinoma.

Intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm having clinical characteristics of mucinous cystic neoplasm and a benign histology.

CONTEXT: An intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm is a rare pancreatic tumor which was first described by Adsay et al. in 1996. It has been defined as a new subgroup of IPMN. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 76-year-old woman who presented with nausea. Imaging studies revealed a cystic mass in the body of the pancreas. She underwent a successful distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy, and has subsequently remained well. Microscopically, the cyst was lined by columnar epithelium similar to pancreatic duct epithelium, and the nodular projection consisted of arborizing papillary structures, lined by plump cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. These eosinophilic cells were immunohistochemically positively stained with anti-mitochondrial antibody. The cellular atypism was mild and the proliferating index was low, compatible with adenoma of an intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm. Although no ovarian type stroma was identified, in our case, no communication to main pancreatic duct (located in the pancreatic body) and rapid growth by intracystic hemorrhage were clinical characteristics of a mucinous cystic neoplasm, but not IPMN. CONCLUSION: With only 17 cases reported to date, the clinical and pathological details of an intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm are still unclear. We herein add one case with different characteristics from those of the past reports. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of an intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm with the clinical characteristics of a mucinous cystic neoplasm.

Clinical and endoscopic features of acute hemorrhagic rectal ulcer.

BACKGROUND: Acute hemorrhagic rectal ulcer (AHRU) has increasingly been reported in Japan, whereas it has rarely been reported in the English literature and is not yet established as a disease entity. The aim of this study was to elucidate clinical and endoscopic characteristics of patients with AHRU. METHODS: We enrolled 20 patients with 26 ulcers diagnosed as AHRU in our department between January 2001 and October 2005. Clinical features such as the underlying disorder, Karnofsky performance status (PS), and presence or absence of anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy, as well as endoscopic findings and type of bleeding, were evaluated. Strategies for hemostasis were also reviewed. RESULTS: The most prevalent underlying disorder was diabetes mellitus, and the number of bedridden patients with PS 4 was relatively high. In addition, more than half of the patients had been treated with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents. Endoscopically, ulcers were characteristically solitary and irregularly shaped, and they did not show any typical localization pattern. As a hemostatic strategy, clipping alone showed a favorable result, with a hemostatic success rate as high as 76.9%. CONCLUSIONS: This study may support the establishment of AHRU as a new clinical entity. In aged patients being treated with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents, especially bedridden patients using aspirin, the possible appearance of this disease should be kept in mind.

Human infection by acanthocephalan parasites belonging to the genus Corynosoma found from small bowel endoscopy.

A 73-year-old man with a suspected ileus in January 2013 and subsequently suffered melena in February 2014 was endoscopically examined. As a result of the examinations, unidentified species of Corynosoma sp. and Corynosoma villosum were recovered from the small intestine, further endoscopic diagnosis suggested relevance between abdominal pain and the present infections in the small intestine. The recovered worms were composed of gravid females with developed eggs, suggesting that these parasites can survive for a long time in the intestine after infection. In this case, the short interval between infections appears to be due to the individual's eating habits which consist of regularly consuming uncooked seafood.

Cytomegalovirus cholangitis and pancreatitis in an immunocompetent patient.

Cholangitis and pancreatitis associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in an immunocompetent patient is reported. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography performed on a 55-year-old man for evaluation of the cause of jaundice and liver dysfunction revealed a distal focal irregular narrowing of the common bile duct. Microscopic findings of the resected specimen showed chronic cholangitis and CMV pancreatitis. Immunohistochemistry disclosed that epithelial cells in the inflamed bile duct were positive for CMV antigen, which was compatible with CMV cholangitis. Inflammation of the biliary tract or pancreas by CMV has been commonly reported as a complication in immunocompromised patients. Our report appears to be a rare case, but suggests that CMV cholangitis or pancreatitis should be considered in the differential diagnoses of common bile duct stenosis or pancreatitis even in immunocompetent individuals.

Gastrografin as an alternative booster to sodium phosphate in colon capsule endoscopy: safety and efficacy pilot study.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Sodium phosphate is a key component of bowel preparation regimen for colon capsule endoscopy (CCE), but may cause serious complications. The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of Gastrografin, substituted for sodium phosphate, in CCE bowel preparation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In total, 29 patients (median age 64 years; 23 females) underwent CCE, covered by the national health insurance system of Japan. All had a history of laparotomy and/or previously incomplete colonoscopy. On the day before examination, patients ingested 1 L of polyethylene glycol + ascorbic acid with 0.5 L of water in the evening, and again the same laxative on the morning of examination. After capsule ingestion, 50 mL of Gastrografin diluted with 0.9 L of magnesium citrate was administered, and then repeated after 1 hour. RESULTS: The capsule excretion rate was 97 % (28/29). The median colon transit time was 2 hours 45 minutes and rapid transit (< 40 minutes) through the colon occurred in one patient (3.4 %). Bowel cleansing level was adequate in 90 % of patients. The polyp (≥ 6 mm) detection rate was 52 %. Diluted Gastrografin was well tolerated by patients. No adverse events occurred. CONCLUSION: Gastrografin can be an alternative to sodium phosphate in CCE bowel preparation regimen.

Laparoscopic-endoscopic cooperative surgery is a safe and effective treatment for superficial nonampullary duodenal tumors.

The use of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for duodenal neoplasms has increased in recent years, but delayed perforation and bleeding are also known to frequently occur. We present two cases in which duodenal adenoma was successfully treated with laparoscopic-endoscopic cooperative surgery. ESD was combined with laparoscopic seromuscular sutures. The lesions in both cases were located in the second portion of the duodenum. The patients requested resection of the lesion, and we performed laparoscopic-endoscopic cooperative surgery. After the laparoscopic surgeon mobilized the duodenum, the endoscopic surgeon performed ESD for the duodenal tumor without perforation. The laparoscopic surgeon sutured the duodenal wall in the seromuscular layer to strengthen the ulcer bed after ESD. Histopathological studies confirmed that the surgical margins were tumor-free in both cases. The patients were discharged with no complications. This unique laparoscopic-endoscopic cooperative procedure is a safe and effective method for resecting superficial nonampullary duodenal tumors.

[A case of liver metastasis from gallbladder cancer with marked response to arterial infusion chemotherapy].

The patient was a 68-year-old woman who visited a nearby clinic with a chief complaint of right hypochondrial pain. A mass lesion in the gallbladder was found by ultrasonography. She was referred to our hospital for further examination and was diagnosed with gallbladder cancer. Cholecystectomy and bile duct resection were performed. Six months after the surgery, multiple liver metastases were found. A subcutaneous implant reservoir was placed in the hepatic artery from the right femoral artery. After arterial infusion chemotherapy by 5-FU and CDDP, or 5-FU alone, liver metastasis markedly responded and became undetectable, and therapy was therefore discontinued. The patient has been disease-free without any sign of recurrence for 7 months after CR was achieved. It is suggested that arterial infusion chemotherapy is useful and safe for the treatment of liver metastasis from gallbladder cancer.

Exacerbation of bloody diarrhea as a side effect of mesalamine treatment of active ulcerative colitis.

Mesalamine has been used as the first-line therapy for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) because of its efficacy and fewer side effects. However, earlier study showed that mesalamine occasionally causes diarrhea. We are presenting a patient with active UC in whom bloody diarrhea accompanied by abdominal pain and fever occurred and the symptoms were aggravated after administration of mesalamine. In order to clarify the reason of symptoms aggravation, drug lymphocyte stimulation test and rechallenge trial with mesalamine were performed. The results indicated the possibility that aggravation was related to allergic reaction and was dose-dependent. Furthermore, we examined colonoscopic views but there was no remarkable change in before and after rechallenge trial. Based on the above result, the patient was diagnosed with mesalamine intolerance. In order to differentiate whether the exacerbation of bloody diarrhea is due to the side effects of the mesalamine or a true relapse of UC, taking careful history before and after increasing mesalamine dosage as well as being aware of side effects of mesalamine are required. Clinicians should be aware of diarrhea as a side effect of mesalamine particularly after onset of mesalamine formulation, change in mesalamine formulation, or change in mesalamine dose.