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Cosmetic tattoos are difficult to remove, and their response to picosecond laser treatment has seldom been investigated. We compared the efficacy and adverse effects of picosecond versus Q-switched lasers for the removal of cosmetic tattoos. White, flesh-colored, and brown inks were irradiated using 532/1064 nm picosecond and Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers, and their absorption spectra before and after laser irradiation were analyzed. Nine rats were tattooed with all three inks. Each tattoo was divided into three sections and treated at 1064 nm with a picosecond laser or Q-switched laser, or left untreated, in four sessions at 1-month intervals. Skin biopsies were taken from treated and untreated sites. In vitro study showed the 1064 nm picosecond laser caused the least paradoxical color shift. In vivo study showed that all white tattoos achieved poor response scores, six flesh-colored tattoos achieved fair to good response scores, and seven brown tattoos achieved good to excellent response scores with the picosecond laser. The picosecond laser was superior to the Q-switched laser for removing flesh-colored tattoos (P < 0.05), but the effectiveness for white and brown tattoos was similar for both lasers. The degree of paradoxical darkening when removing the white and flesh-colored tattoos was significantly lower with the picosecond than that with the Q-switched laser (P < 0.01). Transmission electron microscopy showed that many tattoo ink particles had decreased in size after irradiations with both pulse durations. The 1064 nm picosecond Nd:YAG laser causes mild paradoxical darkening and might be more appropriate for removal of flesh-colored and brown cosmetic tattoos.
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Terapia a Laser , Lasers de Estado Sólido , Tatuagem , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Tinta , Lasers de Estado Sólido/uso terapêutico , RatosRESUMO
Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is a condition that makes skin red and itchy. Though common in children, the condition can occur at any age. Atopic dermatitis is persistent (chronic) and tends to recur periodically. It may be accompanied by asthma or hay fever. No cure has been found for eczema. Therefore, it is very important to develop ingredients that aid the prevention and treatment of atopic dermatitis. Cycloheterophyllin is derived from Artocarpus heterophyllus and has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, it still is not understood whether cycloheterophyllin is an anti-atopic dermatitis agent. Keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) and BALB/c mice for inducing AD-like cutaneous lesions were used to evaluate the potential of cycloheterophyllin as an anti-atopic dermatitis agent. The release of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by treatment of TNF-α/IFN-γ was reduced after pretreatment with cycloheterophyllin. The inhibitory effects could be a contribution from the effect of the MAP kinases pathway. Moreover, the symptoms of atopic dermatitis (such as red skin and itching) were attenuated by pretreatment with cycloheterophyllin. Epidermal hyperplasia and mast cell infiltration were decreased in the histological section. Finally, damage to the skin barrier was also found to recover through assessment of transepidermal water loss. Taken together, prenylflavone-cycloheterophyllin from Artocarpus heterophyllus is a potential anti-atopic dermatitis ingredient that can be used in preventing or treating the condition.
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Dermatite Atópica , Eczema , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Citocinas/metabolismo , Dermatite Atópica/induzido quimicamente , Dermatite Atópica/tratamento farmacológico , Dermatite Atópica/metabolismo , Dinitroclorobenzeno/metabolismo , Eczema/patologia , Flavonoides , Células HaCaT , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , PeleRESUMO
This study investigated the predominant skin cancer subtype among organ transplant recipients, patients on chronic dialysis, and patients with chronic kidney disease in Asian subjects. Among 23,644 patients with skin cancer, identified from Taiwan Cancer Registry Database, 53 were organ transplant recipients, 255 were on chronic dialysis, 1,792 had chronic kidney disease, and 21,544 were in the control group. The proportions of squamous cell carcinoma were 52.8%, 47.8%, 40.1%, and 33.5%, respectively. Compared with the control group, organ transplant recipients (1.99-fold) and patients on chronic dialysis (1.25-fold) were at higher risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma than other skin cancers after adjustment for potential confounders. Subgroups or covariates associated with increased squamous cell carcinoma compared with other skin cancer risk included patients with chronic kidney disease aged < 70 years (vs. control group; 1.3-fold), old age (vs. young age; 2.8-fold), male sex (vs. female sex; 1.1-fold), and south Taiwan residency (vs. north Taiwan residency; 1.1-fold). Organ transplant recipients and patients on chronic dialysis had immune dysregulation, resulting in a higher risk of squamous cell carcinomas.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/epidemiologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/etiologia , Transplante de Órgãos/efeitos adversos , Sistema de Registros , Neoplasias Cutâneas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/etiologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/terapia , Causas de Morte , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Valores de Referência , Diálise Renal/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Neoplasias Cutâneas/terapia , Análise de Sobrevida , Taiwan/epidemiologia , Transplantados/estatística & dados numéricosAssuntos
Vacinas contra COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Púrpura Trombocitopênica Idiopática , Trombocitopenia , Feminino , Humanos , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra COVID-19/efeitos adversos , Púrpura Trombocitopênica Idiopática/etiologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Trombocitopenia/etiologia , Vacinação/efeitos adversosRESUMO
This study investigated the risk of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in pre-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and explored associated risk factors. A population-based cohort of 1,515,858 Taiwanese CKD patients was included. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) for incident NMSC was determined. Compared with the general population, a 1.14-fold risk of NMSC was found in the CKD cohort. NMSC risk was significant in patients with pre-dialysis stage 5 CKD and anaemia (1.48-fold), and in those with uraemic pruritus after long-term antihistamine treatment (1.38-fold). A higher SIR for NMSC was found in younger patients with CKD (age < 70 years, 1.34-fold; age 20-39 years, 1.63-fold), stage 5 CKD with anaemia (age < 70 years, 2.09-fold), and uraemic pruritus (age <70 years, 2.22-fold). Pre-dialysis patients with CKD are at higher risk of NMSC, especially those with advanced-stage CKD, and those with uraemic pruritus.
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Prurido/epidemiologia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/epidemiologia , Uremia/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Bases de Dados Factuais , Feminino , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Prurido/diagnóstico , Prurido/tratamento farmacológico , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/diagnóstico , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Neoplasias Cutâneas/diagnóstico , Taiwan/epidemiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Uremia/diagnóstico , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The mechanisms responsible for variable responses of cosmetic tattoos to Q-switched laser removal treatment remain unclear. We sought to investigate the properties of tattoo inks that may affect the efficacy of laser-assisted tattoo removal. The absorption of white, brown, and black inks before and after Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser irradiation were analyzed by a reflectance measurement system. Rats were tattooed using the three inks and treated with the same laser for two sessions. Skin biopsies were taken from the treated and untreated sites. Black ink showed strong absorption, reduced after laser irradiation, over the entire spectrum. White ink had low absorption over the visible light spectrum, and brown ink had strong absorption at 400-550 nm wavelengths. White and brown inks turned dark after laser exposure, and the absorption of laser-darkened inks were intermediate between their original color and black ink. White, brown, and black tattoos in rat skin achieved poor, fair to good, and excellent responses to laser treatment, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy showed that white tattoo particles were the largest, brown were intermediate, and black were the smallest before laser. After laser treatment, white and brown tattoo particles were mixtures of large and small particles, while black particles showed overall reduction in number and size. Black tattoo ink's excellent response to Q-switched lasers was associated with its strong absorption and small particle size. White tattoo ink's poor response was associated with its poor absorption, even after laser darkening, and large particle size.
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Tinta , Lasers de Estado Sólido , Pele/efeitos da radiação , Tatuagem , Animais , Cor , Técnicas Cosméticas , Masculino , Tamanho da Partícula , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Anchorage-independent survival is one of the key features for malignant tumor cells. Whether specific gene alterations contributed by anchorage independency would further affect metastatic phenotypes of melanoma cells was unclear. We adapted suspension culture of melanoma cells to establish anchorage independency. The suspended melanoma cells lost their invasive abilities in vitro. Specific loss of laminin-binding ability in suspended melanoma cells was observed, which was correlated with downregulation of syndecan-1 as revealed by microarray and validated by qPCR and Western blot. Modulation of syndecan-1 expression level affected laminin binding, transwell migration and matrix metalloproteinase-2 secretion in melanoma cells. SDC1 expression and transwell migration were correlated with activity or level of protein kinase Cδ as evidence by specific inhibitors and shRNA transfection. In this study, we compared metastatic phenotypes and gene expressions of adherent and suspended melanoma cells. The anchorage independency led to protein kinase Cδ-mediated syndecan-1 downregulation, which contributed to loss of laminin-binding ability, reduced metalloproteinase-2 secretion and loss of invasiveness.
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Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Melanoma/metabolismo , Proteína Quinase C-delta/metabolismo , Neoplasias Cutâneas/metabolismo , Sindecana-1/metabolismo , Adesão Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular , Regulação para Baixo , Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Laminina/metabolismo , Metaloproteinase 2 da Matriz/metabolismo , Invasividade Neoplásica , Metástase Neoplásica , Fenótipo , RNA Interferente Pequeno/metabolismoRESUMO
This work discusses the effectiveness of the previously developed comprehensive calculation model to optimize linear MALDI-TOF mass spectrometers. The model couples space- and velocity-focusing to precisely analyze the flight-time distribution of ions and predict optimal experimental parameters for the highest mass resolving power. Experimental validation was conducted using a laboratory-made instrument to analyze CsI3 and angiotensin I ions in low to medium m/z range. The results indicate that the predicted optimal extraction voltage and delay were reasonably accurate and effective. In the low m/z range, the peak width obtained using optimal parameters reached the sub nanosecond range, corresponding to a mass resolving power of 10â¯000-17â¯000, or 20â¯000-34â¯000 if shot-to-shot random fluctuations were minimized by the dynamic data correction method. The observed optimal mass resolving power in the current experiment is 4.8-7.8 times that of commercial instruments. Practical limitations resulting in the gap between the observed and theoretical ultimate mass resolving power are discussed.
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Diamond nanoparticles (DNPs) were incorporated into matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) samples to enhance the sensitivity of the mass spectrometer to carbohydrates. The DNPs optimize the MALDI sample morphology and thermalize the samples for thermally labile compounds because they have a high thermal conductivity, a low extinction coefficient in UV-vis spectral range, and stable chemical properties. The best enhancement effect was achieved when matrix, DNP, and carbohydrate solutions were deposited and vacuum-dried consecutively to form a trilayer sample morphology. It allows the direct identification of underivatized carbohydrates mixed with equal amount of proteins because no increase in the ion abundance of proteins was achieved. For dextran with an average molecular weight of 1500, the trilayer method typically improves the sensitivity by 79- and 7-fold in comparison to the conventional dried-droplet and thin-layer methods, respectively.
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Dextranos/análise , Diamante/química , Nanopartículas/química , Proteínas/análise , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz/métodos , Temperatura Alta , Íons , Razão Sinal-Ruído , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cosmetic tattoos are difficult to treat using Q-switched lasers. We introduce a novel method for the treatment of cosmetic tattoos using a nonablative fractional laser and investigate the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms in an animal model. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten rats were tattooed on their backs with white and flesh-colored pigments. One-half of each tattoo was treated with a 1,550-nm, erbium:glass fractional laser system with energy settings of 17 mJ and 169 MTZ/cm(2) × 2 passes for five sessions at 1-month intervals. The untreated half of each tattoo served as the control. An independent physician reviewed the photographs and scored the clinical response. Serial skin samples were obtained at baseline and at various times after laser treatment. These tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and immunostained for types I, III, and IV collagen; laminin; fibronectin; and α-smooth muscle actin. RESULTS: White tattoos showed excellent responses in two rats and good responses in eight rats, whereas flesh-colored tattoos showed excellent responses in four rats and good responses in six rats (P = 0.001 in both cases compared with baseline). Both tattoos exhibited a similar clearance rate (P > 0.05) and histological reactions. Microscopic epidermal necrotic debris (MEND) containing tattoo pigments and collagen fibrils appeared on day 1, increased on day 2, and was exfoliated after 5 days. The dermal-epidermal junction lost integrity 30 minutes after treatment, but recovered completely on day 3. The expression of fibronectin and collagen-III, which play key roles in wound healing, increased around the microscopic treatment zone on days 1-5 and 4-7, respectively. A few myofibroblasts appeared on days 4-7. CONCLUSION: Nonablative fractional lasers (NAFLs) successfully remove cosmetic tattoos by transepidermal elimination of tattoo pigments through the disrupted dermal-epidermal junction. This action is facilitated by the wound healing process.
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Derme/efeitos da radiação , Epiderme/efeitos da radiação , Lasers de Estado Sólido , Tatuagem , Animais , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Derme/metabolismo , Derme/patologia , Derme/fisiologia , Epiderme/metabolismo , Epiderme/patologia , Epiderme/fisiologia , Imuno-Histoquímica , Necrose , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , CicatrizaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Treating cosmetic tattoos using quality-switched lasers is difficult. OBJECTIVE: We used carbon dioxide ablative fractional resurfacing (CO2 AFR) to remove cosmetic tattoos and examined the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in this technique in an animal model. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twelve rats were tattooed on their backs with white and flesh-colored pigments. Half of each tattoo was treated with CO2 AFR (5 sessions at 1-month intervals), and the other half was the untreated control. An independent observer reviewed photographic documentation of clinical response. Serial skin samples obtained at baseline and at various times after laser treatment were evaluated using histologic and immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS: Four rats had excellent responses to laser treatment and eight had good responses. White and flesh-colored tattoos had similar clearance rates and tissue reactions. Histologic analysis showed immediate ablation of tattoo pigments in the microscopic ablation zones. Tattoo pigments in the microscopic coagulation zones migrated to the epidermis and became part of the microscopic exudative necrotic debris appearing on day 2 that was exfoliated after 5 days. Increased fibronectin expression around the microscopic treatment zones during the extrusion of tattoo pigments indicated that wound healing facilitates this action. CONCLUSION: CO2 AFR successfully removes cosmetic tattoos.
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Lasers de Gás/uso terapêutico , Tatuagem , Animais , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
Bullous pemphigoid has a high incidence among dialysis patients. However, whether or not chronic dialysis is an independent risk factor of bullous pemphigoid remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the effect of chronic dialysis on the development of bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus. We performed a retrospective cohort study using records from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database between 2008 and 2019. We identified a dialysis cohort that included patients on chronic hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, and the hazard ratios (HRs) for bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus were compared with those of a sex-, age-, and index-matched cohort, then the results were adjusted for various confounding factors. Among 93 538 patients on chronic dialysis and 93 538 patients in the control group, 287 and 139 developed incident bullous pemphigoid, and 45 and 35 developed incident pemphigus after a median follow-up of 3.7 and 5.6 years, respectively. The incidence rates of bullous pemphigoid in the dialysis patients and the control group were 74.2 and 25.2 per 100 000 person-years, respectively (difference between groups, P < 0.0001). The incidence rates of pemphigus in the dialysis patients and the control group were 11.6 and 6.3 per 100 000 person-years, respectively (difference between groups, P < 0.01). Cox proportional hazard adjustment showed the HR for bullous pemphigoid in dialysis patients was 2.12 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.64-2.74, P < 0.0001) compared with the control group. Dialysis patients aged <75 years had an even higher risk of bullous pemphigoid development (5- to 8-fold) than the control group. The adjusted HR for pemphigus was not elevated in dialysis patients (adjusted HR 1.52, 95% CI 0.87-2.67, P = 0.14). Chronic dialysis is an independent risk factor for developing bullous pemphigoid, but not a risk factor for pemphigus. Physicians should be aware of the predisposition of chronic dialysis patients to bullous pemphigoid.
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Penfigoide Bolhoso , Pênfigo , Humanos , Pênfigo/epidemiologia , Pênfigo/etiologia , Penfigoide Bolhoso/epidemiologia , Penfigoide Bolhoso/etiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Diálise Renal/efeitos adversosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) are common for formative assessment. We developed an Online Smart Communicative Education System and aimed to explore the factors that affect the perceptions of both teachers and students for teaching and learning. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A two-year cross-sectional cohort study was undertaken. The program includes three parts. Part I Pre-OSCE: an online flipped class in preparation for task-related knowledge and skills. Part II OSCE-day: 10 tasks in one track formative OSCE. Part III Post-OSCE: extended online feedback for participants with further questions after the exam and raters with more feedback after reviewing their performance online. Principal component analysis with varimax rotation was performed to analyze the perceptions of students and teachers to the Online System by means of questionnaires. RESULTS: Seventy-six pharmacy students (male 32.9%) took the exam and 24 raters (male, 25%) participated in the scoring during the OSCEs. The mean G coefficient was 0.88. Seventy-six questionnaires from the students were obtained for the analysis. Results explained the cumulative variance of 73.9% for component (1) "Effects of extended online feedback": 40% and (2) "Facilitation of learning": 33.9%. Thirty-nine questionnaires from the raters who experienced the Online System were obtained for the analysis (male 23.1%). Results explained a cumulative variance of 77.3% for component (1) "Effects of extended online feedback": 36.6%, (2) "Facilitation of scoring and feedback": 24.5%, and (3) "Feasibility of online platform": 16.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated good reliability for digitizing the scoring system with educational support to facilitate teaching. "Effects of extended online feedback" was the major aspect in explaining the variance from the perceptions of students and raters by factor analysis. In comparison with traditional formative OSCEs, extended online feedback is a novel approach, which extends the process of learning and teaching among the learners and raters and overcomes the barriers of time limitation and distance.
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BACKGROUND: Cosmetic tattoos contain titanium and ferric oxide and darken through reduction after Q-switched laser irradiation. The optimal treatment for removing these pigments remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of two Q-switched lasers and a short-pulse erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (SP Er:YAG) laser to remove cosmetic tattoos in an animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rats were tattooed using white, flesh-colored, and brown inks (4 bands of each color) on their backs. For each color, one band was left untreated, and one each was treated with a Q-switched neodymium-doped YAG laser, a Q-switched alexandrite laser, and a SP Er:YAG laser every 3 weeks until the pigments were clear. RESULTS: The two Q-switched lasers were equally effective; all three pigments darkened initially and then resolved gradually. Up to 20, 18, and 10 sessions were required to remove white, flesh-colored, and brown tattoos, respectively. Only six sessions were required with the SP Er:YAG laser. Minimal scarring was observed with all lasers. Skin biopsies confirmed pigment granule fragmentation after Q-switched laser treatment and a decrease in the amount of pigment after SP Er:YAG laser treatment. CONCLUSION: The SP Er:YAG laser was superior to the Q-switched lasers for removing cosmetic tattoos.
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Técnicas Cosméticas/instrumentação , Terapia a Laser/instrumentação , Lasers de Estado Sólido , Lasers , Pele/efeitos da radiação , Tatuagem , Animais , Corantes , Compostos Férricos , Modelos Animais , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , TitânioRESUMO
This work demonstrates a mass spectrometry technique to improve data reliability when analyzing degree of polymerization (DP) of high-mass polysialic acids (PSAs). Matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry is the technique of choice for analyzing large molecules due to its wide mass working range; however, the observed DP of PSAs using such an instrument is unreliable owing to sensitivity bias towards low-mass ions. A multi-layer MALDI sample preparation protocol is demonstrated in the current study to improve PSA sensitivity, and a dynamic instrument optimization method (DIOM) is employed to minimize detector saturation over a wide mass range. The DP information obtained in the DIOM combines a series of mass spectral data obtained with individually optimized instrument parameters to minimize the problem of sensitivity bias in respective mass ranges. The resultant mass spectra facilitate unambiguous determination of DP in the high-mass range due to significantly improved spectral quality. The main instrument parameters involved in the optimization process include extraction delay in MALDI ion source as well as the cutoff mass of the ion detector. In comparison to conventional methods, the DIOM doubles the maximum DP that can be unambiguously identified by mass spectrometry.
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Ácidos Siálicos/análise , Espectrometria de Massas , Peso Molecular , Polimerização , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por MatrizAssuntos
Síndrome de Bardet-Biedl/diagnóstico , Cegueira/diagnóstico , Dedos/anormalidades , Falência Renal Crônica/diagnóstico , Obesidade/diagnóstico , Polidactilia/diagnóstico , Dedos do Pé/anormalidades , Adulto , Síndrome de Bardet-Biedl/genética , Síndrome de Bardet-Biedl/terapia , Cegueira/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Falência Renal Crônica/genética , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Masculino , Mutação , Obesidade/genética , Fenótipo , Polidactilia/genética , Proteínas/genética , Diálise RenalAssuntos
Pênfigo , Diálise Renal , Humanos , Pênfigo/complicações , Pênfigo/diagnóstico , Diálise Renal/efeitos adversos , FístulaRESUMO
Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on chronic hemodialysis (HD) experience chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation; whether these affect the development of chronic inflammatory disease such as psoriasis is unknown. We aimed to investigate the impact of ESRD on the development of psoriasis. We performed a retrospective cohort study using records between 1999 and 2013 from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. Among 74 916 patients with ESRD on chronic HD and the control group comprising 74 916 sex and age group-matched patients, 165 and 81 incident psoriasis developed after a mean follow up of 2.4 and 2.9 years, respectively. The incidence rates of psoriasis in HD patients and the control group were 91.7 and 37.1 per 100 000 person-years, respectively (difference between groups, P < 0.001). HD patients had a shorter time to psoriasis diagnosis than the control group (P < 0.05). Cox proportional hazard adjustment showed the hazard ratio (HR) for psoriasis in HD patients as 2.09 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49-2.94; P < 0.001) than that of the control group. Younger HD patients had relatively higher risk of psoriatic development (age <60 years; adjusted HR, 3.68; 95% CI, 1.93-7.02; P < 0.001). The relative risk of psoriatic arthritis was not increased in HD patients compared with the control group. In conclusion, patients with ESRD on chronic HD had a greater risk of developing psoriasis. Physicians should be aware of the predisposition to psoriasis in patients with ESRD on chronic HD.
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Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Psoríase/epidemiologia , Diálise Renal , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Falência Renal Crônica/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Psoríase/imunologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Taiwan/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs acting as novel biomarkers of various diseases and potential regulators of protein expression and functions. Syndecan-1 is the heparan sulfate proteoglycan associated with malignancy of various cancers, including breast cancer. In this study, we proposed a experimental workflow to investigate potential microRNAs that regulate SDC1 expression and affect breast cancer cell mobility. MicroRNA candidates were selected from available Gene Expression Omnibus datasets on breast malignancy. Further in silico duplex hybridization and multiplex PCR approach were used to screen potential microRNAs. Analysis showed increased syndecan-1 expression but decreased miR-122-5p level upon breast malignancy. Western blot and in vitro luciferase assay confirmed the targeting of 3'-untranslated region of syndecan-1 and suppression of syndecan-1 expression by miR-122-5p. The suppression of syndecan-1 expression by miR-122-5p or shRNAs against syndecan-1 increased breast cancer cell mobility; while overexpression of syndecan-1 inhibited cell mobility. In further, miR-122-5p was enriched in liver cell-derived exosomes that was able to suppress syndecan-1 expression and increase cell mobility in breast cancer cells. In conclusion, our results suggested the downregulation of SDC1 by miR-122-5p or liver-cell-derived exosomes would enhance breast cancer cell mobility. Metastasis or mobility of breast cancer cells might be affected by circulating miR-122-5p and not directly correlated with progression of breast cancer.
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Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked debilitating muscular disease that may decrease nitric oxide (NO) production and lead to functional muscular ischemia. Currently, the 6-minute walk test (6-MWT) and the North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA) are the primary outcome measures in clinical trials, but they are severely limited by the subjective consciousness and mood of patients, and can only be used in older and ambulatory boys. This study proposed using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to evaluate the dynamic changes in muscle hemodynamic responses (gastrocnemius and forearm muscle) during a 6-MWT and a venous occlusion test (VOT), respectively. Muscle oxygenation of the forearm was evaluated non-invasively before, during and after VOT in all participants (included 30 DMD patients and 30 age-matched healthy controls), while dynamic muscle oxygenation of gastrocnemius muscle during 6-MWT was determined in ambulatory participants (n = 18) and healthy controls (n = 30). The results reveal that impaired muscle oxygenation was observed during 6-MWT in DMD patients that may explain why the DMD patients walked shorter distances than healthy controls. Moreover, the results of VOT implied that worsening muscle function was associated with a lower supply of muscle oxygenation and may provide useful information on the relationship between muscular oxygen consumption and supply for the clinical diagnosis of DMD. Therefore, the method of fNIRS with VOT possesses great potential in future evaluations of DMD patients that implies a good feasibility for clinical application such as for monitoring disease severity of DMD.