RESUMO
The Panxi area in Sichuan Province is the main area for the production of truffles in China, and several species of truffle are known to exist in this region. Nevertheless, it is unclear what the differences in chemical composition between the truffles are. Using an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole/orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry coupled with Compound Discoverer 3.0, we identified chemical components in three mainly known truffles from the Panxi region. Further analysis of chemical composition differences was conducted using principal component analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. Note that, 78.9% of the variance was uncovered by the principal component analysis model. As a result of the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis model, the three species of truffles (Tuber pesudohimalayense, Tuber indicum, and Tuber sinense) from Panxi were better discriminated, with R2 X, R2 Y, and Q2 being 0.821, 0.993, and 0.947, respectively. In this study, 87 components were identified. T. pesudohimalayense contained significantly higher levels of nine different compounds than the other two species. Hence, it was possible to identify similarities and differences between three species of truffles from Panxi in terms of chemical composition. This can be used as a basis for quality control.
Assuntos
Espectrometria de Massas , China , Análise DiscriminanteRESUMO
Hypoxia is associated with the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma through promotion of spontaneous metastasis but the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we hypothesis that tumor cell-derived HMGB1 orchestrates macrophages infiltration and promotes metastasis of HCC via enhancing macrophage-secreted IL-6 under hypoxia. HMGB1 expression was robustly exacerbated in tumors of HCC patients with PVTT. Meanwhile, hypoxia exposure gave rise to HMGB1 expression in hepatoma cells of human and mouse in a HIF-1α-dependent manner and subsequently induced the infiltration and reprogramming of macrophages to augment the expression of Il-6. Further study demonstrated macrophage-derived IL-6 enhanced the invasiveness and metastasis of murine HCC cells. Therefore, our study provides a novel understanding of the relationship between tumor cells and tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) in the context of hypoxia.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Proteína HMGB1/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Macrófagos/fisiologia , Animais , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Feminino , Proteína HMGB1/genética , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Hipóxia/metabolismo , Subunidade alfa do Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia/genética , Subunidade alfa do Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Invasividade Neoplásica , Metástase Neoplásica , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
Gliomas are malignant primary brain tumors with poor prognosis. Recently, research was indicative of a tight connection between tumor malignancy and genetic alterations. Here, we propose an oncogenic implication of transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 3 (TACC3) in gliomas. By comprehensively analyzing the Chinese glioma genome atlas (CGGA) and publicly available data, we demonstrated that TACC3 were overexpressed along with glioma grade and served as an independent negative prognostic biomarker for glioma patients. Functions' annotations and gene sets' enrichment analysis suggested that TACC3 may participate in cell cycle, DNA repair, epithelium-mesenchymal transition and other tumor-related biological processes and molecular pathways. Patients with high TACC3 expression showed CD133⺠stem cell properties, glioma plasticity and shorter overall survival time under chemo-/radio-therapy. Additionally, a TACC3 associated the miRNA-mRNA network was constructed based on in silico prediction and expression pattern, which provide a foundation for further detection of TACC3-miRNA-mRNA axis function. Collectively, our observations identify TACC3 as an oncogene of tumor malignancy, as well as a prognostic and motoring biomarker for glioma patients.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais , Expressão Gênica , Glioma/diagnóstico , Glioma/genética , Proteínas Associadas aos Microtúbulos/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Análise por Conglomerados , Terapia Combinada , Biologia Computacional , Feminino , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Glioma/mortalidade , Glioma/terapia , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , MicroRNAs/genética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gradação de Tumores , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of microwave (MW) ablation combined with transarterial chemoembolization in a single stage for the treatment of large (≥ 5 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From March 2013 to January 2015, 66 patients (54 men and 12 women; mean age, 54 y; range, 29-83 y) with 72 large HCC lesions were included in this study. Eighteen (27.3%) had Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer class B disease, and 48 (72.7%) had class C disease. Seventy-nine percent of patients (n = 52) had hepatitis B virus infection. The average tumor size was 9.0 cm ± 3.9, ranging from 5 to 19 cm. MW ablation was performed under ultrasound guidance, immediately followed by chemoembolization. Local tumor response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were assessed. RESULTS: The technique was successfully performed in all patients. Complete response (CR) was achieved in 28 cases (42.4%), and partial response (PR) was achieved in 34 cases (51.5%) at 1 month after the procedure. The objective response rate (ie, CR plus PR) was 93.9%. Median PFS and OS times were 9 months and 21 months, respectively. The 6-, 12-, and 18-month OS rates were 93.9%, 85.3%, and 66.6%, respectively. Hemorrhage was detected in three patients and arteriovenous fistula in two patients after MW ablation; all were promptly treated with embolization. There were no liver abscesses, bile-duct injuries, or other major procedure-related complications. CONCLUSIONS: MW ablation immediately followed by chemoembolization is safe and effective in the treatment of large HCC lesions.
Assuntos
Técnicas de Ablação , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , Quimioembolização Terapêutica/métodos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Micro-Ondas/uso terapêutico , Técnicas de Ablação/efeitos adversos , Técnicas de Ablação/mortalidade , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Angiografia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidade , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Quimioembolização Terapêutica/efeitos adversos , Quimioembolização Terapêutica/mortalidade , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , China , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Masculino , Micro-Ondas/efeitos adversos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Resultado do Tratamento , Carga Tumoral , Ultrassonografia de IntervençãoRESUMO
Objective: To investigate the rhizosphere soil microorganism and enzyme activity after Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis inoculated Arbuscular Mycorrhizal( AM) fungi,which provide the technological condition for artificial cultivation of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. Methods: By the method of combining the greenhouse pot inoculation trials with laboratory analysis, The effects of inoculation with 28 AM fungi on rhizosphere soil microorganism and soil enzyme activities of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis under sterilized soil conditions were observed. Results: There were certain mutualistic selection between Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis and AM fungi. After induction treatment with AM fungi, different AM fungi had various effects on the quantity, microbial biomass carbon and soil enzyme activities of rhizosphere soil microorganism of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. With application of AM fungi,the amount of culturable fungi from rhizosphere soil of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis were decreased,while the culturable bacteria and actinomycetes showed a rising trend,and increased the diversity index,the content of biomass carbon and protease,urease,phosphatase,catalase and invertase activities of rhizosphere soil microorganism. Conclusion: Applying AM fungi when artificial cultivate Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis,by which can impel rhizosphere microorganism of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis to transform from low-fertile"fungus types"to high-fertile"bacterial forms",and raise fungi diversity and enzymatic activity of rhizosphere soil microorganism,it is helpful to maintain the stability and harmoniousness of microecosystem on rhizosphere of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis,which certify the efficiency and the possibility of spreading AM inoculum during artificial cultivation in the field.
Assuntos
Rizosfera , Solo , Bactérias , Liliaceae , Micorrizas , Microbiologia do SoloRESUMO
This study focused on the potential therapeutic effect of baicalin on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats and the underlying mechanisms. The CIA rats were injected with baicalin (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) once daily for 30 days. The rats were monitored for clinical severity of arthritis, and joint tissues were used for radiographic assessment and histologic examination. We quantified tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) in experimental animals and used Western blots to assess levels of protein abundance, phosphorylation, and acetylation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 and sirtuin 1 (sirt1) protein expression in joint tissues. Human fibroblast-like synoviocytes from rheumatoid arthritis (HFLS-RA) were adopted in further mechanistic investigations. Baicalin intraperitoneal injection for 30 days dose-dependently blocked clinical manifestations of CIA, such as functional impairment and swollen red paws. Meanwhile, it alleviated collagen-induced joint inflammation injury and inhibited the secretion of TNF-α and IL-1ß in both rat synovium and HFLS-RA. Further mechanistic investigations revealed that baicalin suppresses NF-κB p65 protein expression and phosphorylation in synovial tissue and human-derived synoviocytes. Moreover, the acetylation of NF-κB p65 was downregulated by baicalin, which negatively correlates with the baicalin-induced upregulation of sirt1 expression in the same conditions. The data indicate that CIA in rats can be alleviated by baicalin treatment via relieving joint inflammation, which is related to the suppression of synovial NF-κB p65 protein expression and the elevation of its deacetylation by sirt1.
Assuntos
Artrite Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Flavonoides/uso terapêutico , Transdução de Sinais , Fator de Transcrição RelA/antagonistas & inibidores , Acetilação , Animais , Artrite Experimental/imunologia , Feminino , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Humanos , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Sirtuína 1/metabolismo , Membrana Sinovial/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a crucial role in the regulation of angiogenesis and is involved in the development and metastasis of common cancers. There were several case-controls studies published to assess the associations of VEGF polymorphisms with risk of prostate cancer, but the findings were inconsistent. We performed a meta-analysis to provide a comprehensive assessment of the associations of three VEGF polymorphisms with risk of prostate cancer. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated to assess the associations. Eleven individual case-control studies with a total of 5,209 cases of prostate cancer and 5,233 controls were finally included into our meta-analysis. Overall, VEGF rs833061 polymorphism was not associated with risk of prostate cancer (T versus C, OR = 1.14, 95% CI 0.91-1.44, P = 0.26; TT versus CC, OR = 1.09, 95% CI 0.67-1.76, P = 0.74; TT versus CC/CT: OR = 1.46, 95% CI 0.67-3.18, P = 0.34; TT/CT versus CC, OR = 1.08, 95% CI 0.82-1.43, P = 0.59). VEGF rs3025039 polymorphism was also not associated with risk of prostate cancer (T versus C, OR = 1.03, 95% CI 0.91-1.16, P = 0.66; TT versus CC, OR = 1.82 95% CI 0.16-20.53, P = 0.63; TT versus CC/CT, OR = 2.00, 95% CI 0.18-22.41, P = 0.57; TT/CT versus CC, OR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.38-1.36, P = 0.31). VEGF rs2010963 polymorphism was not associated with risk of prostate cancer under three models (C versus G, OR = 1.17, 95% CI 0.92-1.48, P = 0.20; CC versus GG, OR = 2.28, 95% CI 0.90-5.75, P = 0.08; CC versus GG/GC, OR = 1.57, 95% CI 0.67-3.68, P = 0.30). In conclusison, current data suggest that those three VEGF polymorphisms are not obviously associated with risk of prostate cancer.
Assuntos
Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Neoplasias da Próstata/genética , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/genética , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Humanos , Masculino , Razão de Chances , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
An undescribed trichodenone derivative (1), two new diketopiperazines (3 and 4) along with a bisabolane analog (2) were isolated from Trichoderma hamatum b-3. The structures of the new findings were established through comprehensive analyses of spectral evidences in HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR, Marfey's analysis as well as comparisons of ECD. The absolute configuration of 2 was unambiguously confirmed by NMR, ECD calculation and Mo2(AcO)4 induced circular dichroism. Compounds 1-4 were tested for their fungicidal effects against eight crop pathogenic fungi, among which 1 showed 51% inhibition against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum at a concentration of 50 µg/mL.
Assuntos
Hypocreales , Trichoderma , Estrutura Molecular , Dicetopiperazinas/química , Trichoderma/químicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Hemorrhagic shock activates cellular stress signals and can lead to systemic inflammatory response, organ injury, and death. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) acts as a sensor of tissue injury in models of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Lipoxins are endogenous lipid mediators with potent anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving actions. We hypothesized that BML-111 (a lipoxin A4-receptor agonist) attenuates hemorrhagic shock-induced acute lung injury (ALI) through inhibiting activation of the MAPK pathway. METHODS: We randomized Sprague-Dawley rats into four groups: sham, hemorrhagic shock-resuscitation (HS), HS plus BML-111 (BML-111), and HS plus BML-111 and BOC-2 (BOC-2). Two hours after resuscitation, we collected samples of lung. We obtained bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for neutrophil count. We performed optical microscopy to examine pathologic changes in lungs. Wet/dry ratios, myeloperoxidase expression, interleukin (IL)-1ß and IL-6 levels in lung were measured. We evaluated MAPK activation and the DNA binding activity of activator protein-1 in lung. RESULTS: Treatment with BML-111 reduced the lung damage and wet/dry ratio, neutrophil count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, expression of myeloperoxidase, and production of IL-1ß and IL-6 in lung. Phosphorylation of MAPK was also decreased by BML-111 in lung. Furthermore, the DNA binding activity of activator protein-1 was blocked by BML-111. An antagonist of the lipoxin A4-receptor, BOC-2, reversed the protective effect of BML-111 on ALI induced by hemorrhagic shock. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that BML-111 attenuated hemorrhagic shock-induced ALI via the MAPK/activator protein-1 signaling pathway. Therefore, BML-111 may have therapeutic potential for hemorrhagic shock-induced ALI.
Assuntos
Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/etiologia , Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/prevenção & controle , Ácidos Heptanoicos/uso terapêutico , Quinases de Proteína Quinase Ativadas por Mitógeno/antagonistas & inibidores , Choque Hemorrágico/complicações , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia , Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/metabolismo , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ácidos Heptanoicos/farmacologia , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/metabolismo , Pulmão/patologia , Masculino , Quinases de Proteína Quinase Ativadas por Mitógeno/efeitos dos fármacos , Quinases de Proteína Quinase Ativadas por Mitógeno/fisiologia , Oligopeptídeos/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Receptores de Lipoxinas/agonistas , Receptores de Lipoxinas/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores de Lipoxinas/efeitos dos fármacos , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator de Transcrição AP-1/antagonistas & inibidores , Fator de Transcrição AP-1/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator de Transcrição AP-1/fisiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare and rank different targeted therapies or immunotherapies for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma based on efficacy. METHODS: A systematic search of the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted. All systematic treatment regimens that reported comparisons with sorafenib were included in this analysis. The primary outcome measures were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), and other outcome measures included the objective response rate (ORR) and safety analysis according to reported treatment-related adverse events. RESULTS: A total of 29 RCTs involving 13376 patients were included in the analysis, including 10 single-agent therapies and 17 combination therapies. Compared with sorafenib, sintilimab plus IBI305 (HR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.43-0.75), camrelizumab plus rivoceranib (HR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.49-0.78), and atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (HR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.52-0.83) ranked in the top three in terms of OS. CONCLUSIONS: PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF)-targeting drugs have shown better therapeutic effects in the systematic treatment of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, and the combination of targeted and immune therapy modes should be further developed.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Humanos , Teorema de Bayes , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Imunoterapia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Terapia de Alvo Molecular , Metanálise em Rede , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Sorafenibe/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Introduction: Multimode thermal therapy (MTT) is an innovative interventional therapy developed for the treatment of liver malignancies. When compared to the conventional radiofrequency ablation (RFA), MTT typically offers improved prognosis for patients. However, the effect of MTT on the peripheral immune environment and the mechanisms underlying the enhanced prognosis have yet to be explored. The aim of this study was to further investigate the mechanisms responsible for the difference in prognosis between the two therapies. Methods: In this study, peripheral blood samples were collected from four patients treated with MTT and two patients treated with RFA for liver malignancies at different time points before and after the treatment. Single cell sequencing was performed on the blood samples to compare and analyze the activation pathways of peripheral immune cells following the MTT and RFA treatment. Results: There was no significant effect of either therapy on the composition of immune cells in peripheral blood. However, the differential gene expression and pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated enhanced activation of T cells in the MTT group compared to the RFA group. In particular, there was a remarkable increase in TNF-α signaling via NF-κB, as well as the expression of IFN-α and IFN-γ in the CD8+ effector T (CD8+ Teff) cells subpopulation, when compared to the RFA group. This may be related to the upregulation of PI3KR1 expression after MTT, which promotes the activation of PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. Conclusion: This study confirmed that MTT could more effectively activate peripheral CD8+ Teff cells in patients compared with RFA and promote the effector function, thus resulting in a better prognosis. These results provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of MTT therapy.
Assuntos
Ablação por Cateter , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Ablação por Radiofrequência , Humanos , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases , Transcriptoma , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Ablação por Radiofrequência/métodos , Linfócitos T CD8-PositivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The number of patients receiving anaesthesia is increasing, but the impact of general anaesthesia on the patient's immune system remains unclear. The aim of the present study is to investigate dynamics of systemic immune cell responses to anaesthesia during perioperative period at a single-cell solution. METHODS: The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and clinical phenomes were harvested and recorded 1 day before anaesthesia and operation, just after anaesthesia (0 h), and 24 and 48 h after anaesthesia. Single-cell sequencing of PBMCs was performed with 10× genomics. Subsequently, data analysis was performed with R packages: Seurat, clusterProfiler and CellPhoneDB. RESULTS: We found that the cluster of CD56+ NK cells changed at 0 h and the cluster of monocytes increased at 24 and 48 h after anaesthesia. The characteristic genes of CD56+ NK cells were mainly enriched in the Jak-STAT signalling pathway and in cell adhesion molecules (24 h) and carbon metabolism (48 h). The communication between CD14+ monocytes and other cells decreased substantially 0 and 48 h after operation. The number of plasma cells enriched in protein export in men was substantially higher than that in women, although the total number in patients decreased 24 h after operation. CD14+ monocytes dominated that cell-cell communications appeared in females, while CD8+ NKT cells dominated that cell-cell communications appeared in male. The number of plasma cells increased substantially in patients with major surgical trauma, with enrichments of pentose phosphate pathway. The communications between plasma cells with other cells varied between surgical severities and anaesthetic forms. The intravenous anaesthesia caused major alterations of cell types, including CD14+ monocytes, plasmas cells and MAIT cells, as compared with inhalation anaesthesia. CONCLUSION: We initially reported the roles of perioperative anaesthesia/surgery in temporal phenomes of circulating immune cells at a single-cell solution. Thus, the protection against immune cell changes would benefit the recovery from anaesthesia/surgery.
Assuntos
Anestesia/normas , Leucócitos Mononucleares/citologia , Assistência Perioperatória/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Anestesia/efeitos adversos , Anestesia/estatística & dados numéricos , Antígeno CD56/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Humanos , Leucócitos Mononucleares/classificação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Assistência Perioperatória/métodosRESUMO
AIM: To explore a more accurate quantifying diagnosis method of diabetic macular edema (DME) by displaying detailed 3D morphometry beyond the gold-standard quantification indicator-central retinal thickness (CRT) and apply it in follow-up of DME patients. METHODS: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans of 229 eyes from 160 patients were collected. We manually annotated cystoid macular edema (CME), subretinal fluid (SRF) and fovea as ground truths. Deep convolution neural networks (DCNNs) were constructed including U-Net, sASPP, HRNetV2-W48, and HRNetV2-W48+Object-Contextual Representation (OCR) for fluid (CME+SRF) segmentation and fovea detection respectively, based on which the thickness maps of CME, SRF and retina were generated and divided by Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid. RESULTS: In fluid segmentation, with the best DCNN constructed and loss function, the dice similarity coefficients (DSC) of segmentation reached 0.78 (CME), 0.82 (SRF), and 0.95 (retina). In fovea detection, the average deviation between the predicted fovea and the ground truth reached 145.7±117.8 µm. The generated macular edema thickness maps are able to discover center-involved DME by intuitive morphometry and fluid volume, which is ignored by the traditional definition of CRT>250 µm. Thickness maps could also help to discover fluid above or below the fovea center ignored or underestimated by a single OCT B-scan. CONCLUSION: Compared to the traditional unidimensional indicator-CRT, 3D macular edema thickness maps are able to display more intuitive morphometry and detailed statistics of DME, supporting more accurate diagnoses and follow-up of DME patients.
RESUMO
Purpose: To evaluate preoperative diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in predicting the outcomes of large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after liver resection (LR). Materials and methods: From January 2015 to December 2017, patients with a large (≥5cm) HCC who underwent preoperative DKI were retrospectively reviewed. The correlations of the mean kurtosis (MK), mean diffusivity (MD), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) with microvascular invasion (MVI) or histological grade were analyzed. Cox regression analyses were performed to identify the predictors of recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). A nomogram to predict RFS was established. P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: A total of 97 patients (59 males and 38 females, 56.0 ± 10.9 years) were included in this study. The MK, MD, and ADC values were correlated with MVI or histological grade (P<0.01). With a median follow-up time of 41.2 months (range 12-69 months), 67 patients (69.1%) experienced recurrence and 41 patients (42.3%) were still alive. The median RFS and OS periods after LR were 29 and 45 months, respectively. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year RFS and OS rates were 88.7%, 41.2%, and 21.7% and 99.0%, 68.3%, and 25.6%, respectively. MK (P<0.001), PVT (P<0.001), and ADC (P=0.033) were identified as independent predictor factors for RFS. A nomogram including the MK value for RFS showed the best performance, and the C-index was 0.895. Conclusion: The MK value obtained from DKI is a potential predictive factor for recurrence and poor survival, which could provide valuable information for guiding the efficacy of LR in patients with large HCC.
RESUMO
The genus Talaromyces belongs to the phylum Ascomycota of the kingdom Fungi. Studies have shown that Talaromyces species yield many kinds of secondary metabolites, including esters, terpenes, steroids, alkaloids, polyketides, and anthraquinones, some of which have biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, bacteriostatic, and antitumor activities. The chemical constituents of fungi belonging to the genus Talaromyces that have been studied by researchers over the past several years, as well as their biological activities, are reviewed here to provide a reference for the development of high-value natural products and innovative uses of these resources.
RESUMO
The plant root is an important storage organ that stores indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) from the apical meristem, as well as nitrogen, which is obtained from the external environment. IAA and nitrogen act as signaling molecules that promote root growth to obtain further resources. Fluctuations in the distribution of nitrogen in the soil environment induce plants to develop a set of strategies that effectively improve nitrogen use efficiency. Auxin integrates the information regarding the nitrate status inside and outside the plant body to reasonably distribute resources and sustainably construct the plant root system. In this review, we focus on the main factors involved in the process of nitrate- and auxin-mediated regulation of root structure to better understand how the root system integrates the internal and external information and how this information is utilized to modify the root system architecture.
RESUMO
Five dominant microorganisms including four kinds of Pseudomonas and one kind of Bacillus were isolated from the Songhua River. The organic pollutants removal potential and community composition of these five dominant microorganisms immobilized on activated carbon filter, which is called the bio-enhanced activated carbon filter (BEAC), were investigated to compare with the naturally formed biological activated carbon (BAC) filter. Songhua River was used as the raw water. The pilot scale test results showed the biomass in the BEAC filter increased initially and then stabilized after 45 d of operation with an average value of 192 nmolPO(4)/g carbon. The corresponding biological activity reached 1,368 ng ATP/g carbon. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) results showed that the BEAC filter degraded the toxic organic substances more effectively than the BAC filter, especially for halogenated hydrocarbons and PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis revealed the eco-system of five dominant microorganisms did not change in the BEAC filter even on 180 d of operation. Two of the five dominant microorganisms, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas balearica, had high biological activity and were more adaptable to the surface of the carbon media than the other three dominant microorganisms. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph showed a large quantity of microorganisms developed on the BEAC filter. The toxicity test using Deltatox Bioassay Technology Analyzer indicated that the dominant microorganisms were safe to be applied in drinking water treatment process.
Assuntos
Carbono/química , Filtração/instrumentação , Filtração/métodos , Rios/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/metabolismo , Aclimatação , Bactérias/metabolismo , Biodegradação Ambiental , BiomassaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To investigate the diagnostic efficacy of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and conventional diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for pathological grading. METHODS: From December 2015 to January 2017, consecutive patients suspected of having hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) without prior treatment were prospectively enrolled in this study. MRI examinations were performed before surgical treatment. HCC patients confirmed by surgical pathology were included in the study. The mean diffusivity (MD) values, mean kurtosis (MK) values, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were calculated. The differences and correlations of these parameters among different pathological grades were analyzed. The diagnostic efficiency of DKI and DWI for predicting high-grade HCC was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the predictive factors for pathological grade. RESULTS: A total of 128 patients (79 males and 49 females, age: 56.9±10.9 years, range, 32-80) with primary HCC were included: grade I: 22 (17.2%) patients, grade II: 37 (28.9%) patients, grade III: 43 (33.6%) patients, grade IV: 26 (20.3%) patients. The MK values of stage I, II, III, and IV were 0.86±0.13, 1.06±0.11, 1.27±0.17, and 1.57±0.13, respectively. The MK values were significantly higher in the high-grade group than in the low-grade group and were positively correlated with pathological grade (rho =0.7417, P<0.001). The MK value demonstrated a larger area under the curve (AUC), with a value of 0.93 than the MD value, which had an AUC of 0.815 (P<0.001), and ADC, which had an AUC of 0.662 (P=0.01). The MK value (>1.19), ADC (≤1.29×10-3 mm2/s), and HBV (+) were independent predictors for the pathological grade of HCCs. CONCLUSION: The MK values derived from DKI and the ADC values obtained from traditional DWI were more valuable than the MD values in predicting the histological grade of HCCs and could potentially guide clinical treatment before surgery.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of salvage percutaneous radiofrequency ablation in patients with unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastases. METHODS: The cohort consisted of 81 patients with 126 colorectal cancer liver metastases who underwent radiofrequency ablation between January 2012 and September 2016. The clinical data and ablation data were retrospectively analyzed. The local tumor progression-free survival, overall survival, and prognostic factors were analyzed using the log-rank test and Cox regression model. RESULTS: The technique success rate was 99.21%. The primary efficacy rate was 100% at the 1-month follow-up. Minor complications were observed in 2 patients, which recovered within 1 week. The median local tumor progression-free survival time of all patients was 29.8 months. The absence of subsequent chemotherapy was an independent predictor of a shorter local tumor progression-free survival time (P < 0.001, hazard ratio: 2.823, 95% confidence interval: 1.603, 4.972). The median overall survival time was 26.8 months. A lesion size greater than 3 cm (P = 0.011, hazard ratio: 2.112, 95% confidence interval: 1.188, 3.754) and the presence of early local tumor progression (P = 0.011, hazard ratio: 2.352, 95% confidence interval: 1.217, 4.545) were related to a shorter survival time. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation is safe in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases refractory from chemotherapy. Subsequent chemotherapy is important to enhance local control. Small lesions and favorable early responses are related to prolonged overall survival.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais/radioterapia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/radioterapia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/radioterapia , Ablação por Radiofrequência/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Ablação por Cateter/métodos , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/secundário , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Metástase Neoplásica , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Intervalo Livre de Progressão , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Terapia de Salvação , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Intestinal ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury is a serious but common pathophysiological process of many diseases, resulting in a high mortality rate in clinical practice. Ubiquitin-specific protease 22 (USP22) acts as regulator of cell cycle progression, proliferation, and tumor invasion. Depleted USP22 expression has been reported to contribute to arrested cell cycle and disrupted generation of differentiated cell types in crypts and villi. However, the role of USP22 in intestinal damage recovery has not been investigated. Therefore, elucidation of the underlying mechanism of USP22 in intestinal I/R injury may help to improve the tissue repair and patient prognosis in clinical practice. AIM: To investigate the role of USP22 in intestinal cell proliferation and regeneration after intestinal I/R injury. METHODS: An animal model of intestinal I/R injury was generated in male Sprague-Dawley rats by occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery followed by reperfusion. Chiu's scoring system was used to grade the damage to the intestinal mucosa. An in vitro model was developed by incubating rat intestinal epithelial IEC-6 cells in hypoxia/reoxygenation conditions in order to simulate I/R in vivo. siRNA and overexpression plasmid were used to regulate the expression of USP22. USP22, Cyclin D1, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression levels were measured by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry staining. Cell survival (viability) and cell cycle were evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS: USP22 expression was positively correlated with the expression levels of PCNA and Cyclin D1 both in vivo and in vitro, which confirmed that USP22 was involved in cell proliferation and intestinal regeneration after intestinal I/R injury. Decreased levels of Cyclin D1 and cell cycle arrest were observed in the USP22 knockdown group (P < 0.05), while opposite results were observed in the USP22 overexpression group (P < 0.05). In addition, increased expression of USP22 was related to improved intestinal pathology or IEC-6 cell viability after I/R or hypoxia/reoxygenation. These results suggested that USP22 may exert a protective effect on intestinal I/R injury by regulating cell proliferation and facilitating tissue regeneration. CONCLUSION: USP22 is correlated with promoting intestinal cell proliferation and accelerating intestinal tissue regeneration after intestinal I/R injury and may serve as a potential target for therapeutic development for tissue repair during intestinal I/R injury.