Updated incidence rates and risk factors of esophageal cancer in Nan'ao Island, a coastal high-risk area in southern China.

Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most common cancers in China. The purpose of this study was to investigate the updated incidence rates and risk factors of EC in Nan'ao Island, where the EC incidence rate was chronically the highest in southern China. To calculate the annual incidence rate, data on 338 EC cases from Nan'ao Cancer Registry system diagnosed during 2005-2011 were collected. A case-control study was conducted to explore the EC risk factors. One hundred twenty-five alive EC patients diagnosed during 2005-2011 and 250 controls were enrolled into the case-control study. A pre-test questionnaire on demography, dietary factors, drinking water treatment, and behavioral factors was applied to collect information of all participants. The average EC incidence rates during 2005-2011 were 66.09/105, 94.62/105, 36.83/105 for both genders, males and females, respectively, in Nan'ao Island. The EC incidence rate in males was 2.40- to 4.55-fold higher than that in females in the period from 2006 to 2011 (P < 0.05). Considering the onset age, males tend to be much younger than females and reached peak incidence rate at a younger age (P < 0.05). Drinking water treatment by filter (odds ratio [OR] = 0.28, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.13-0.58) and fruit consumption (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.32-0.94) reduced the risk for EC. On the contrary, the pickled vegetables consumption (OR = 2.64, 95% CI = 1.46-4.76) and liquor drinking (OR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.21-4.44) increased the risk for EC. These results may be of importance for future research on EC etiology and prevention strategies.

Pathological Responses of the Primary Tumor and Locoregional Lymph Nodes After Neoadjuvant Immunochemotherapy in Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer.

Background: The current study attempted to describe the specific patterns of pathological tumor response and locoregional node metastases from surgically resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (NAIC), as well as to explore the association between clinicopathological characteristics and such oncological patterns. Methods: Fifty-one patients with cT3 or deeper esophageal squamous cell cancer underwent subtotal esophagectomy after NAIC. The NAIC regimen included intravenous administration of platinum-based and docetaxel- and taxane-based chemotherapeutics along with a 200 mg fixed dose of one programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor, given every 3 weeks. We divided patients into tumor/nodal good-responders and poor-responders based on the pathological observation of the tumor or nodal responses. We also examined the association between clinicopathological factors and tumor/nodal responses. Further, significant baseline predictors for tumor and nodal good-responders were identified using multivariate binary logistic regression. Results: Of the 51 patients, 68.6% achieved marked primary tumor response. Notably, 21.6% of patients achieved complete pathological response. Significant differences in treatment cycles between tumor good-responders and tumor poor-responders (P = 0.019) were observed. For locoregional nodal responses, only 33.3% of patients achieved down-staged nodal disease. Of the investigated variables, neoadjuvant cycles (odds ratio (OR): 5.271, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.278 - 21.740, P = 0.022) and pretreatment platelets (OR: 0.979, 95% CI: 0.962 - 0.996, P = 0.017) were identified as independent predictors for good tumor and nodal responses. Conclusions: We conclusively noted that most patients receiving NAIC were tumor good-responders, whereas only one-third of patients were nodal good-responders. Furthermore, we identified that treatment cycle number and baseline platelet counts were independent predictors of combined tumor and nodal responses.

Impact of treatment modality on long-term survival of stage IA small-cell lung cancer patients: a cohort study of the U.S. SEER database.

BACKGROUND: The optimal treatment modality for patients with stage IA (T1N0M0) small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is still unclear. METHODS: Patients who received surgical resection or chemo-radiotherapy (CRT) between January 2004 and December 2014 were identified from The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. Surgical resection included lobectomy, wedge resection, segmentectomy with lymphadenectomy [examined lymph node (ELN) ≥1]. Propensity score match analysis was utilized to balance the baseline characteristics. RESULTS: A total of 686 stage IA SCLC cases were included: 337 patients underwent surgery and 349 patients were treated by CRT alone. Surgery achieved a better outcome than CRT alone, with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 0.495. Patients who underwent lobectomy demonstrated a longer overall survival (OS), compared to those who received sublobectomy (crude cohort, median OS, 69 vs. 38 months; match cohort, median OS, 67 vs. 38 months). Patients with ELN >7 presented with longer OS than those with ELN ≤7 (crude cohort, median OS, 91 vs. 49 months; matched cohort, median OS, 91 vs. 54 months). The additional efficacy of chemotherapy or radiotherapy in patients receiving lobectomy was observed. The best prognosis was achieved in the lobectomy plus CRT cohort, with a 5-year survival rate of 73.5%. CONCLUSIONS: The prolonged survival associated with lobectomy and chemotherapy or radiotherapy presents a viable treatment option in the management of patients with stage IA SCLC.