C-reactive protein is associated with the development of tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

C-reactive protein (CRP) acts as a biomarker reflecting different degrees of inflammation. Accumulating reports have suggested that there is a close relationship between CRP and various cancers. However, the influence of CRP on the development of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of CRP in TSCC. The results of immunohistochemical staining and statistical analyses showed that CRP expression was associated with TSCC tumor size, lymph node metastasis and pathological differentiation. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay revealed that CRP could enhance TSCC cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, with CRP stimulation, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression patterns presented a notable time-dependent up-regulation. In addition, CRP could enhance the invasion and migration of TSCC cells, as revealed by transwell and wound-healing assays, respectively. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining showed that CRP could protect TSCC cells from starvation- and drug-induced apoptosis. With CRP stimulation, the protein expression levels of phosphorylated protein kinase B (pAkt), phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (pmTOR) and phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein (pS6) were significantly increased, as demonstrated by western blot analysis. Our data suggest that CRP may play an important role in the development of TSCC. Moreover, the biological effects of CRP on TSCC cells might be related to Akt, mTOR, and S6.

miR-582-5p inhibits invasion and migration of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cells by targeting FOXC1.

OBJECTIVE: Neurotropism of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) and pulmonary metastasis may lead to in treatment failure. miR-582-5p plays important roles in tumorigenesis, invasion and migration. Here, we aim to determine the effect of miR-582-5p and its role in SACC invasion and metastasis. METHODS: Six primary human SACC samples and matching adjacent normal tissues were analyzed by microarray analysis. Next, quantitative real-time PCR was carried out to evaluate miR-582-5p expression in 16 primary human SACC samples and matching adjacent normal tissues. Cell invasion and migration were also analyzed, and a luciferase reporter assay and western analysis were conducted. Cell growth and apoptosis assay were performed to confirm the effect of miR-582-5p and Forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) siRNA in cell proliferation and apoptosis. SACC tumorigenesis and metastasis were investigated in vivo experiment. Clinical samples from 110 patients were analyzed using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Microarray analysis revealed that miR-582-5p was significantly downregulated in the SACC samples compared with the matching adjacent normal tissues. Regulation of miR-582-5p expression significantly influenced the migration, invasion and proliferation ability of SACC cells by targeting FOXC1. E-cadherin was increased, while vimentin and snail were decreased with downregulation of FOXC1, suggesting that FOXC1 may regulate the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of SACC cells by transactivating snail. In vivo, miR-582-5p overexpression suppressed the tumorigenesis and pulmonary metastasis of SACC. Lower expression of miR-582-5p expression predicts unfavorable prognoses and high rates of metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: miR-582-5p could suppress effect on the process of invasion and migration in SACC cell lines, and this could occur through its target gene FOXC1.

[An experimental study of intra-articular injection of NG-methyl-L-arginine for the treatment of indirect temporomandibular joint trauma in goats].

PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy of NG-methyl-L-arginine(L-NMMA) for treatment of indirect temporomandibular joint trauma in goats. METHODS: Trauma to TMJ in 9 goats were exerted under an impact to the right and left mandibular angle with self-made device, L-NMMA (0.5 mL) were injected into the right TMJs after 3 hours, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days; the left TMJs were injected with normal saline and used as a control. The goats were killed after 3 months. The TMJs of goats were examined with scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy when sacrificed and scored in a subjective manner following the standard criteria which was a modification of the method by Mankin et al and Yoshimi et al. GLM model of SAS 9.0 software package was used to evaluate the scores of the treatment sides and control sides. RESULTS: Under light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, the left TMJ tissues showed severe osteoarthrotic changes in the temporal surface,disk and condyle, the right TMJ tissues showed significant improvement (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Repeated intra-articular injection of L-NMMA may reduce the destruction of indirect trauma on goat TMJs.