A cohort study and meta-analysis between histopathological classification and prognosis of gastric carcinoma.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: To determine the correlation of histopathological classification and patient outcomes, we performed a meta-analysis of histological subtypes on postoperative survival in gastric cancer. METHODS: A dataset composed of 11073 gastric cancers from 21 publications, combined with our cohort was included in the metaanalysis. We evaluated the association between the 5-year survival rate and the subtypes of gastric cancer based on histological grading or Lauren classification. All literatures were from Pubmed and Embase (up to December 2011). RESULTS: In our cohort from Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, the differentiated gastric cancer revealed a significantly higher accumulative 5-year survival rate, compared to that in poor-differentiated cases (62.6% vs 44.8%, P < 0.001). Intestinal-type gastric cancer shown a higher accumulative 5-year survival rate, compared to that in diffuse-type cases (61.7% vs 41.1%, P < 0.001). In overall meta-analysis, the poordifferentiated gastric cancer significantly increased the postoperative 5-year death risk, compared to the differentiated cases (OR=1.24, 95% CI 1.13-1.36, P < 0.001). The 5-year death risk was increased in the diffuse-type cases relative to the intestinal-type cases (OR=1.29, 95% CI 1.11-1.49, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Gastric cancer with a differentiated histology or intestinal-type shows a better prognosis than individual with a poordifferentiated histology or a diffuse-type. Accurate histologic classification is desirable for gastric cancer handling.

Attenuated rabies virus activates, while pathogenic rabies virus evades, the host innate immune responses in the central nervous system.

Rabies virus (RV) induces encephalomyelitis in humans and animals. However, the pathogenic mechanism of rabies is not fully understood. To investigate the host responses to RV infection, we examined and compared the pathology, particularly the inflammatory responses, and the gene expression profiles in the brains of mice infected with wild-type (wt) virus silver-haired bat RV (SHBRV) or laboratory-adapted virus B2C, using a mouse genomic array (Affymetrix). Extensive inflammatory responses were observed in animals infected with the attenuated RV, but little or no inflammatory responses were found in mice infected with wt RV. Furthermore, attenuated RV induced the expression of the genes involved in the innate immune and antiviral responses, especially those related to the alpha/beta interferon (IFN-alpha/beta) signaling pathways and inflammatory chemokines. For the IFN-alpha/beta signaling pathways, many of the interferon regulatory genes, such as the signal transduction activation transducers and interferon regulatory factors, as well as the effector genes, for example, 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase and myxovirus proteins, are highly induced in mice infected with attenuated RV. However, many of these genes were not up-regulated in mice infected with wt SHBRV. The data obtained by microarray analysis were confirmed by real-time PCR. Together, these data suggest that attenuated RV activates, while pathogenic RV evades, the host innate immune and antiviral responses.