WOX family transcriptional regulators modulate cytokinin homeostasis during leaf blade development in Medicago truncatula and Nicotiana sylvestris.

The plant-specific family of WUSCHEL (WUS)-related homeobox (WOX) transcription factors is key regulators of embryogenesis, meristem maintenance, and lateral organ development in flowering plants. The modern/WUS clade transcriptional repressor STENOFOLIA/LAMINA1(LAM1), and the intermediate/WOX9 clade transcriptional activator MtWOX9/NsWOX9 antagonistically regulate leaf blade expansion, but the molecular mechanism is unknown. Using transcriptome profiling and biochemical methods, we determined that NsCKX3 is the common target of LAM1 and NsWOX9 in Nicotiana sylvestris. LAM1 and NsWOX9 directly recognize and bind to the same cis-elements in the NsCKX3 promoter to repress and activate its expression, respectively, thus controlling the levels of active cytokinins in vivo. Disruption of NsCKX3 in the lam1 background yielded a phenotype similar to the knockdown of NsWOX9 in lam1, while overexpressing NsCKX3 resulted in narrower and shorter lam1 leaf blades reminiscent of NsWOX9 overexpression in the lam1 mutant. Moreover, we established that LAM1 physically interacts with NsWOX9, and this interaction is required to regulate NsCKX3 transcription. Taken together, our results indicate that repressor and activator WOX members oppositely regulate a common downstream target to function in leaf blade outgrowth, offering a novel insight into the role of local cytokinins in balancing cell proliferation and differentiation during lateral organ development.

In-band pumped, Q-switched thulium-doped fiber laser system delivering 140 W and 7†mJ pulse energy.

We report on a highly efficient, in-band pumped, Q-switched, Tm-doped, rod-type master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) system delivering up to 140 W average output power and 7 mJ pulse energy with a slope efficiency of 77% at 20 kHz repetition rate. The amplifier is pumped with Raman-shifted fiber lasers centered at 1692 nm. This in-band pump scheme for Tm-doped fiber lasers can significantly mitigate their quantum defect-related heat load limitations. At the same time, this pump wavelength yields a similar amount of storable and extractable energy to the state-of-the-art pumping at 793 nm. This approach has allowed for the development of highly efficient Tm-doped fiber laser systems combining a high average power and a high output pulse energy.

A bimodal time-gated luminescence-magnetic resonance imaging nanoprobe based on a europium(III) complex anchored on BSA-coated MnO2 nanosheets for highly selective detection of H2O2.

A novel nanocomposite, [Eu(BTD)3(DPBT)]-BSA@MnO2, is reported to serve as an effective nanoprobe for bimodal time-gated luminescence (TGL) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of H2O2in vitro and in vivo. The nanoprobe was fabricated by immobilizing visible-light-excitable Eu3+ complexes in bovine serum albumin (BSA)-coated lamellar MnO2 nanosheets. The TGL of the Eu3+ complex was effectively quenched by the MnO2 nanosheets. Upon exposure to H2O2, the MnO2 nanosheets underwent reduction to Mn2+, which simultaneously triggered rapid, selective and sensitive "turn-on" responses toward H2O2 in both TGL and MR detection modes. The presence of a protective "corona" formed by BSA enables the nanoprobe to withstand high concentrations of glutathione (GSH), a strong reducing agent of MnO2 nanosheets. This capability allows the nanoprobe to be utilized for detecting H2O2 in living biosamples. The combined utilization of TGL and MR detection modes enables the nanoprobe to image H2O2 across a wide range of resolutions, from the subcellular level to the whole body, without any depth limitations. The results obtained from these modes can be cross-validated, enhancing the accuracy of the detection. The capability of the nanoprobe was validated by TGL imaging of endogenous and exogenous H2O2 in live HeLa cells, as well as bimodal TGL-MR imaging of H2O2 in tumor-bearing mice. The research achievements suggest that the integration of luminescent lanthanide complexes with protein-coated MnO2 nanosheets offers a promising bimodal TGL-MR sensing platform for H2O2in vitro and in vivo.

The relationship between sarcopenia and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease among the young and middle-aged populations.

BACKGROUND: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has been proposed as a new term for diagnosing fatty liver disease, which is considered to be a multi-systemic disease with multiple extrahepatic manifestations, including sarcopenia. The link between sarcopenia and MAFLD remains uncertain, especially among young and middle-aged adults. Thus, we examined the relationship between MAFLD and sarcopenia in young and middle-aged individuals in this study. METHODS: A total of 2214 individuals with laboratory tests, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and ultrasound transient elastography from NHANES 2017-2018 were selected for this study. MAFLD was diagnosed as fatty liver disease with any one of the situations: overweight/obesity, diabetes mellitus, presence of metabolic dysregulation. Sarcopenia was defined by appendicular lean mass adjusted for body mass index (BMI). Multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) model were applied to explore the relationship between MAFLD and sarcopenia, and the mediation analyses were also conducted. Moreover, subgroup analyses stratified by BMI and lifestyles were done. RESULTS: The prevalence of MAFLD was 47.85%, and nearly 8.05% of participants had sarcopenia. The prevalence of sarcopenia was higher in participants with MAFLD (12.75%; 95% CI 10.18-15.31%) than in the non-MAFLD (3.73%; 95% CI 2.16-5.31%). MAFLD was significantly positively associated with sarcopenia after adjustments [OR = 2.87 (95% CI: 1.62-5.09)]. Moreover, significant positive associations were observed between liver fibrosis and sarcopenia prevalence in MAFLD patients (OR = 2.16; 95% CI 1.13-4.15). The RCS curve revealed that MAFLD was linearly associated with sarcopenia. The relationship between the MAFLD and sarcopenia were mediated by C-reactive protein (mediation proportion: 15.9%) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mediation proportion: 18.9%). Subgroup analyses confirmed the association between MAFLD and sarcopenia differed in different lifestyle groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both MAFLD prevalence and severity was significantly associated with sarcopenia. Thus, clinicians should advise comorbidity screening and lifestyle changes to young and middle-aged patients.

Periodontitis causally affects the brain cortical structure: A Mendelian randomization study.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate whether genetically proxied periodontitis causally impacts the brain cortical structure using Mendelian randomization (MR). BACKGROUND: Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent inflammatory conditions globally, and emerging evidence has indicated its influences on distal organs, including the brain, whose disorders are always accompanied by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-identified brain cortical changes. However, to date, no available evidence has revealed the association between periodontitis and brain cortical structures. METHODS: The instrumental variables (IVs) were adopted from previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) studies and meta-analyses of GWAS studies of periodontitis from 1844 to 5266 cases and 8255 to 12 515 controls. IVs were linked to GWAS summary data of 51 665 patients from the ENIGMA Consortium, assessing the impacts of genetically proxied periodontitis on the surficial area (SA) or the cortical thickness (TH) of the global and 34 MRI-identified functional regions of the brain. Inverse-variance weighted was used as the primary estimate; the MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO), the MR-Egger intercept test, and leave-one-out analyses were used to examine the potential horizontal pleiotropy. RESULTS: Genetically proxied periodontitis affects the SA of the medial orbitofrontal cortex, the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, the inferior temporal cortex, the entorhinal cortex, and the temporal pole, as well as the TH of the entorhinal. No pleiotropy was detected. CONCLUSIONS: Periodontitis causally influences the brain cortical structures, implying the existence of a periodontal tissue-brain axis.

Preoperative metabolic syndrome and prognosis after pancreatectomy for pancreatic cancer: A retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: We conducted a retrospective study to investigate the impact of metabolic syndrome (MetS), its individual components, and the number of metabolic risk factors on the prognosis of pancreatic cancer (PC) following pancreatectomy. METHODS: MetS was defined as meeting any three of the following criteria: (1) waist circumference ≥85 cm in men or ≥80 cm in women; (2) triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL or receiving drug treatment for elevated triglycerides; (3) high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 mg/dL in men or <50 mg/dL in women or receiving drug treatment for reduced HDL-C; (4) systolic blood pressure ≥130 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mmHg or receiving drug treatment for hypertension; and (5) fasting glucose, (FG) ≥100 mg/dL or receiving drug treatment for elevated glucose. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated by the Cox regression model. RESULTS: Six hundred and seven patients who underwent radical resection for PC were enrolled in this study. Among them, 352 patients presented with preoperative MetS. MetS was associated with shorter overall survival (OS) but not with shorter disease-free survival (DFS). The adjusted HR (95% CI) for the poor OS in patients with 3, 4, and 5 metabolic risk components (vs. ≤ 2) were 1.32 (1.03-1.84), 1.64 (1.18-2.29), and 1.96 (1.27-3.04), respectively (p < 0.05). Elevated FG emerged as a significant predictor for poor OS and DFS. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights that preoperative MetS serves as a significant predictor for OS in patients with PC, with its predictive value escalating as the number of metabolic risk components increases.

The first autopsy case of Epstein-Barr virus-positive marginal zone lymphoma that deteriorated after COVID-19 vaccination.

This is the first autopsy case of Epstein-Barr virus-positive marginal zone lymphoma (EBV + MZL) with an other iatrogenic immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) (methotrexate [MTX]-associated LPD) that deteriorated after the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine. This case had a unique immunophenotype. A 71-year-old female patient with rheumatoid arthritis receiving MTX presented with fatigue 1 week after the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. She was hospitalized due to hepatorenal dysfunction and pancytopenia. Computed tomography revealed systemic lymphadenopathy. Her physical condition deteriorated, and the patient died. The autopsy revealed systemic lymphadenopathy comprising medium-sized atypical lymphocytes and scattered Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg (H/RS)-like cells. An immunohistochemical examination showed that atypical lymphocytes were positive for CD79a and MUM-1 and some were positive for CD20 and IRTA-1. H/RS-like cells were immunoreactive for CD30 and CD15 and ringed by T cells. Both cell types were positive for EBV-encoded small RNA. The majority of H/RS-like cells were positive for CD20, whereas a small number of CD3-positive cells were admixed. We herein presented the first autopsy case of EBV + MZL that deteriorated after the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

Salivary microbiomes vary among orthodontic appliances and associate with clinical periodontal parameters.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the salivary bacterial communities during the first 6-month orthodontic treatment with Clear Aligners (CA) and Fixed Appliances (FA), and its correlation with clinical periodontal parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Saliva and periodontal parameters were sampled from individuals wearing CA or FA before treatment (T0), and after 3- (T3) and 6-month (T6) treatments. Salivary bacterial communities characterized based on the 16S rRNA V3-V4 region were compared between FA and CA and correlated with clinical periodontal parameters. RESULTS: Probing Depth (PD) significantly increased at T6 in the FA group versus T0, whereas it remained stable in the CA group. The Shannon and Pielou indices were significantly higher in the FA group and significantly positively correlated with periodontal inflammation parameters. ß-diversity analysis revealed distinct communities between the FA group and CA group at T6. The relative abundances of 3 genera and 15 species were significantly higher in the FA group. Among the above appliance-type related taxa, bacterial genera Selenomonas, Stomatobaculum, Olsenella and Faecalicoccus and bacterial species Selenomonas_sputigena, Dialister_invisus, Olsenella_profus, Prevotella_buccae, Cryptobacterium_curtum and Clostridium_spiroforme were significantly positively associated with periodontal parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Orthodontic treatments trigger appliance-related salivary bacterial communities, highlighting the importance of developing appliance-orientated periodontal strategies during orthodontic treatments. Salivary bacterial communities harboured by patients wearing FA possess higher bacterial parameters which were associated with increasing PD, PI and Gingival Index.

OsACA9, an Autoinhibited Ca2+-ATPase, Synergically Regulates Disease Resistance and Leaf Senescence in Rice.

Calcium (Ca2+) is a versatile intracellular second messenger that regulates several signaling pathways involved in growth, development, stress tolerance, and immune response in plants. Autoinhibited Ca2+-ATPases (ACAs) play an important role in the regulation of cellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Here, we systematically analyzed the putative OsACA family members in rice, and according to the phylogenetic tree of OsACAs, OsACA9 was clustered into a separated branch in which its homologous gene in Arabidopsis thaliana was reported to be involved in defense response. When the OsACA9 gene was knocked out by CRISPR/Cas9, significant accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected in the mutant lines. Meanwhile, the OsACA9 knock out lines showed enhanced disease resistance to both rice bacterial blight (BB) and bacterial leaf streak (BLS). In addition, compared to the wild-type (WT), the mutant lines displayed an early leaf senescence phenotype, and the agronomy traits of their plant height, panicle length, and grain yield were significantly decreased. Transcriptome analysis by RNA-Seq showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between WT and the Osaca9 mutant were mainly enriched in basal immune pathways and antibacterial metabolite synthesis pathways. Among them, multiple genes related to rice disease resistance, receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) and cell wall-associated kinases (WAKs) genes were upregulated. Our results suggest that the Ca2+-ATPase OsACA9 may trigger oxidative burst in response to various pathogens and synergically regulate disease resistance and leaf senescence in rice.

Quantitative determination of flow rate variations in reservoir Eco-scheduling: A case study of Yangqu dam in the upper yellow river.

Accurate quantification of flow dynamics during reservoir ecological scheduling hinders the maintenance of normal reproductive activities in downstream riverine fish. This study proposed a quantitative method for determining the flow rate changes in reservoir ecological scheduling. The approach utilized the daily flow rate and daily flow-rate increment to characterize the flow process. Adopting the perspective of shifting spawning grounds of adhesive egg-laying fish species in response to flow rate variations, we introduced the Spawning Ground Overlap Rate as an indicator and utilized it to determine flow rate changes. Focusing on the downstream area of the Yangqu Hydropower Station in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, we calculated the distribution of spawning grounds and the Spawning Ground Overlap Rate in the region. We set a threshold for the Spawning Ground Overlap Rate to restrict the flow rate changes. The results indicated that during the fish spawning period, the ecological flow range in the downstream area of the Yangqu Dam was 480-1200 m3/s. It was required to maintain a daily flow rate change of less than 49.45 m3/(s·d) and a maximum seven-day flow difference of less than 227.76 m3/s to maintain the optimal level of spawning ground overlap rate. Additionally, it was necessary to keep the daily flow rate change below 123.83 m3/(s·d) and the maximum seven-day flow difference below 368.84 m3/s to maintain the minimum spawning ground overlap rate. The findings provide foundational data for determining flow dynamics during the ecological scheduling of the spawning period for viscous-spawning fish.

Qingzhuan dark tea polysaccharides-zinc alleviates dextran sodium sulfate-induced ulcerative colitis.

BACKGROUND: Qingzhuan dark tea polysaccharides (QDTP) have been complexed with Zinc (Zn) to form the Qingzhuan dark tea polysaccharides-Zinc (QDTP-Zn) complex. The present study investigated the protective effects of QDTP-Zn on ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice. The UC mouse model was induced using dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), followed by oral administration of QDTP-Zn (0.2 and 0.4 g kg-1 day-1). RESULTS: QDTP-Zn demonstrated alleviation of UC symptoms in mice, as evidenced by a decrease in disease activity index scores. QDTP-Zn also regulated colon tissue injury by upregulating ZO-1 and occludin protein expression, at the same time as downregulating tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6ß levels. Furthermore, QDTP-Zn induced significant alterations in the abundance of bacteroidetes and firmicutes and notably increased levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid. CONCLUSION: In summary, QDTP-Zn exhibits therapeutic potential in alleviating enteritis by fortifying the colonic mucosal barrier, mitigating inflammation and modulating intestinal microbiota and SCFAs levels. Thus, QDTP-Zn holds promise as a functional food for both the prevention and treatment of UC. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

From teeth to brain: dental caries causally affects the cortical thickness of the banks of the superior temporal sulcus.

OBJECTIVES: Dental caries is one of the most prevalent oral diseases and causes of tooth loss. Cross-sectional studies observed epidemiological associations between dental caries and brain degeneration disorders, while it is unknown whether dental caries causally affect the cerebral structures. This study tested whether genetically proxied DMFS (the sum of Decayed, Missing, and Filled tooth Surfaces) causally impacts the brain cortical structure using Mendelian randomization (MR). METHODS: The summary-level GWAS meta-analysis data from the GLIDE consortium were used for DMFS, including 26,792 participants. ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) consortium GWAS summary data of 51,665 patients were used for brain structure. This study estimated the causal effects of DMFS on the surface area (SA) and thickness (TH) of the global cortex and functional cortical regions accessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) was used as the primary estimate, the MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO), the MR-Egger intercept test, and leave-one-out analyses were used to examine the potential horizontal pleiotropy. RESULTS: Genetically proxied DMFS decreases the TH of the banks of the superior temporal sulcus (BANSSTS) with or without global weighted (weighted, ß = - 0.0277 mm, 95% CI: - 0.0470 mm to - 0.0085 mm, P = 0.0047; unweighted, ß = - 0.0311 mm, 95% CI: - 0.0609 mm to - 0.0012 mm, P = 0.0412). The causal associations were robust in various sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Dental caries causally decrease the cerebral cortical thickness of the BANKSSTS, a cerebral cortical region crucial for language-related functions, and is the most affected brain region in Alzheimer's disease. This investigation provides the first evidence that dental caries causally affects brain structure, proving the existence of teeth-brain axes. This study also suggested that clinicians should highlight the causal effects of dental caries on brain disorders during the diagnosis and treatments, the cortical thickness of BANKSSTS is a promising diagnostic measurement for dental caries-related brain degeneration.

Intermittent Exothermic and Self-Healing Hydrated Salt Gels for Advanced Thermal Management of Underfloor Radiant Heating System.

Phase change materials (PCMs) have great prospects in thermal management applications because they can store and release latent heat. However, they are not suitable for on-demand heating as they can only release heat once. Herein, this work reports the intermittent exothermic of PCMs based on a supersaturated salt solution, exhibiting fully controlled long-term storage of energy, releasing and suspending heat on demand. Due to the high energy barrier, it is difficult for the supersaturated salt solution to nucleate; thus, it can store energy for a long time. Contact with seeds or other foreign objects can destroy the metastable state of the supersaturated salt solution and promote the formation of crystal nuclei, enabling crystallization and heat release on demand. The release of crystallization heat can be interrupted using scissors dip in water. Additionally, self-healing behavior allows it to be recycled and last longer, due to the presence of Fe3+ , inducing strong dynamic reversible non-covalent crosslinking through metal coordination bonds. Furthermore, the hydrated salts gels are applied for thermal management of underfloor radiant heating system, demonstrating four types of intermittent exotherms sequences amazingly. Further, the intermittent exothermic hydrated salts gels provide a more user-friendly thermal management of underfloor radiant heating systems.

22-W average power high pulse energy multipass-cell-based post-compression in the green spectral range.

A gas-filled multipass-cell-based post-compression of 515 nm wavelength second-harmonic pulses of an Yb:fiber laser from 240 fs to 15.7 fs is presented. The system delivers 0.44 mJ of pulse energy, 22.4 W of average power at 50.8 kHz with an overall efficiency of more than 40%. These results display the capabilities of multipass-cell-based post-compression schemes to move from the well-established near infrared spectral region to the undeveloped visible regime, allowing for high efficiencies in conjunction with energetic ultrashort pulses at high repetition rates. The unique combination of parameters in the green spectral range offers an immense potential for future developments of high photon flux higher-order harmonic sources.

High-power two-color plasma-based THz generation driven by a Tm-doped fiber laser.

We report on the efficient generation of broadband THz radiation based on a two-color gas-plasma scheme. Broadband THz pulses covering the whole THz spectral region, from 0.1-35 THz, are generated. This is enabled by a high-power, ultra-fast, thulium-doped, fiber chirped pulse amplification (Tm:FCPA) system and a subsequent nonlinear pulse compression stage that uses a gas-filled capillary. The driving source delivers 40 fs pulses at a central wavelength of 1.9 µm with 1.2 mJ pulse energy and 101 kHz repetition rate. Owing to the long driving wavelength and the use of a gas-jet in the THz generation focus, the highest reported conversion efficiency for high-power THz sources (>20 mW) of 0.32% has been achieved. The high efficiency and average power of 380 mW of the broadband THz radiation make this an ideal source for nonlinear, tabletop THz science.

Nonlinear pulse compression to sub-two-cycle, 1.3†mJ pulses at 1.9†µm wavelength with 132†W average power.

We report the nonlinear pulse compression of a high-power, thulium-doped fiber laser system using a gas-filled hollow-core fiber. The sub-two cycle source delivers 1.3 mJ pulse energy with 80 GW peak power at a central wavelength of 1.87 µm and an average power of 132 W. This is, so far, to the best of our knowledge, the highest average power of a few-cycle laser source reported in the short-wave infrared region. Given its unique combination of high pulse energy and high average power, this laser source is an excellent driver for nonlinear frequency conversion, toward terahertz, mid-infrared, and soft X-ray spectral regions.

Effects of Recombinant Human Brain Natriuretic Peptide on Atrial Fibrillation After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.

ABSTRACT: Previous studies reported that the use of natriuretic peptides (NPs) can effectively decrease arrhythmias. However, there is a lack of clinical evidence that recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide (rh-BNP) inhibits postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF). This cohort aims to assess the effect of rh-BNP on POAF. This study retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting from January 2018 to January 2021. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to whether they received rh-BNP therapy within 5 days after surgery. A total of 1153 patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, of which 54 received rh-BNP therapy within 5 days. After propensity score matching, 53 patients were treated with rh-BNP, and 148 patients were not treated with rh-BNP. The incidence of POAF was lower in rh-BNP group than non-rh-BNP group (18.9% vs. 37.2%, odds ratio = 0.393, 95% confidence interval, 0.183-0.845, P = 0.017). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmia ( P = 0.4), hypotension ( P = 0.763), and the risk of death ( P = 0.14). rh-BNP could significantly reduce the occurrence of POAF after coronary artery bypass grafting, and rh-BNP did not increase the risk of ventricular arrhythmia, hypotension, and death. Accordingly, rh-BNP could be a potential safe medicine for preventing POAF.

Transition towards dual control of CO2 emissions and intensity through supply chain management in China.

To mitigate global climate change and achieve CO2 emissions reduction goals, China proposed to shift to dual control of total CO2 emissions (CE) and CO2 emissions intensity (CEI) as early as possible. Accurately assessing provincial sectoral CE and CEI and developing reasonable regulatory strategies is a prerequisite for achieving the goal of dual control. However, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis from different perspectives of the supply chain. Therefore, this paper evaluates the CE and CEI in provincial sectors of China in 2017 from production-based and consumption-based perspectives according to multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model. Then, we analyze the supply chain of transmission sector by betweenness-based method as a supplementary perspective. The results show that: (1) The CE and CEI from different perspectives are different and can complement each other. (2) Production and distribution of electric power and heat power in Inner Mongolia (P5D24), construction in Jiangsu (P10D27), distribution of electric power and heat power in Beijing (P1D24) are the critical sectors for dual control of CE and CEI from production, consumption, betweenness-based perspectives, respectively. (3) Construction in Jiangsu (P10D27) and Shanxi (P4D27) have the highest embodied CE and CEI in China respectively. Energy and raw material sectors from upstream supply chain contribute large CE to construction sectors. This research suggests that paying attention to critical sectors from different perspectives of the supply chain and taking different measures to decrease CO2 emissions. Taking both CE and CEI into consideration and allocating CO2 emissions reduction pressures reasonably among provincial sectors. At the same time, taking care of relevant upstream sectors of the supply chain to help a single sector achieve CO2 emissions reduction goals and promote China's transition to dual control of CE and CEI.

Efficacy and safety of intranasal agents for the acute treatment of migraine: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Intranasal agents may be ideal for the treatment of migraine patients. Many new acute intranasal-specific therapies have been developed, but few of them have been directly compared. The aim of this network meta-analysis (NMA) was to compare the efficacy and safety of various intranasal agents for the treatment of acute migraine in adult patients. METHODS: The Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, and PubMed were searched from inception to 15 August 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using intranasal agents (no restrictions on dose, formulation, dosing regimen or timing of the first dose) to treat adult patients with acute migraine were included. The primary efficacy endpoint was pain freedom at 2 h, and the primary safety endpoint was adverse events (AEs). The analysis process followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. RESULTS: Nineteen studies (21 RCTs, 9738 participants) were included. Compared to the placebo, 5 mg of zolmitriptan using a conventional liquid nasal spray device was the most effective for pain freedom at 2 h [odds ratio (OR): 4.67, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.43 to 6.43] and 24 h (OR: 5.49, 95% CI: 3.58 to 8.42) among all the interventions. Butorphanol nasal spray 1 mg was the most effective (OR: 8.62, 95% CI: 1.11 to 66.92) for pain freedom at 1 h, but with low-quality evidence. DFN-02 presented the highest freedom from nausea (OR: 4.95, 95% CI: 1.29 to 19.01) and phonophobia (OR: 5.36, 95% CI: 1.67 to 17.22) at 2 h, albeit with lower odds of achieving complete pain freedom. ROX-828 showed the highest improvement in freedom from photophobia at 2 h (OR: 4.03, 95% CI: 1.66 to 9.81). Dihydroergotamine nasal spray was significantly associated with the highest risk of AEs (OR: 9.65, 95% CI: 4.39 to 21.22) and was not recommended for routine use. Zavegepant nasal spray demonstrated the lowest risk of AEs (OR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.37 to 3.03). The results of sensitivity analyses for the primary endpoints (pain freedom at 2 h and AEs) were generally consistent with those of the base case model. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with other new intranasal-specific therapies in treating migraine attacks, zolmitriptan nasal spray 5 mg was the most effective agent for pain freedom at 2 h. Zavegepant nasal spray 10 mg had the fewest adverse side effects.

Development and validation of non-invasive prediction models for migraine in Chinese adults.

BACKGROUND: Migraine is a common disabling neurological disorder with severe physical and psychological damage, but there is a lack of convenient and effective non-invasive early prediction methods. This study aimed to develop a new series of non-invasive prediction models for migraine with external validation. METHODS: A total of 188 and 94 subjects were included in the training and validation sets, respectively. A standardized professional questionnaire was used to collect the subjects' 9-item traditional Chinese medicine constitution (TCMC) scores, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score, Zung's Self-rating Anxiety Scale and Self-rating Depression Scale scores. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk predictors of migraine, and a series of prediction models for migraine were developed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve were used to assess the discrimination and calibration of the models. The predictive performance of the models were further validated using external datasets and subgroup analyses were conducted. RESULTS: PSQI score and Qi-depression score were significantly and positively associated with the risk of migraine, with the area of the ROC curves (AUCs) predicting migraine of 0.83 (95% CI:0.77-0.89) and 0.76 (95% CI:0.68-0.84), respectively. Eight non-invasive predictive models for migraine containing one to eight variables were developed using logistic regression, with AUCs ranging from 0.83 (95% CI: 0.77-0.89) to 0.92 (95% CI: 0.89-0.96) for the training set and from 0.76 (95% CI: 0.66-0.85) to 0.83 (95% CI: 0.75-0.91) for the validation set. Subgroup analyses showed that the AUCs of the eight prediction models for predicting migraine in the training and validation sets of different gender and age subgroups ranged from 0.80 (95% CI: 0.63-0.97) to 0.95 (95% CI: 0.91-1.00) and 0.73 (95% CI: 0.64-0.84) to 0.93 (95% CI: 0.82-1.00), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study developed and validated a series of convenient and novel non-invasive prediction models for migraine, which have good predictive ability for migraine in Chinese adults of different genders and ages. It is of great significance for the early prevention, screening, and diagnosis of migraine.