Peri-implant diseases: an overview.

The use of dental implants in replacing missing teeth is proven to be a valid treatment with a high success rate. To achieve the best treatment outcome in all implant systems, the implant has to be able to integrate with the surrounding tissue. However, dental implants are affected by peri-implant diseases and may fail as a result. As the number of implants placed continues to increase, the prevalence of peri-implant disease will also increase. This requires preventive measures to inhibit the development of the disease and stop its progression. Clinical Relevance: Understanding how to maintain healthy peri-implant tissue as well as diagnosis and treatment of disease are vital for every dentist and dental student.

Mandibular implant-supported overdentures: attachment systems, and number and locations of implants--Part I.

The use of dental implants in replacing missing teeth is an integral part of restorative dental treatment. Use of conventional complete dentures is associated with several problems such as lack of denture stability, support and retention. However, when mandibular complete dentures were used with two or more implants, an improvement in the patients' psychological and social well-being could be seen. There is general consensus that removable implant-supported overdentures (RISOs) with two implants should be considered as the first-choice standard of care for an edentulous mandible. This treatment option necessitates the use of attachment systems that connect the complete denture to the implant. Nevertheless, each attachment system has its inherent advantages and disadvantages, which should be considered when choosing a system. The first part of this article provides an overview on options available to restore the mandibular edentulous arch with dental implants. Different types of attachment systems, their features and drawbacks are also reviewed.

Fundamentals of occlusion and restorative dentistry. Part II: occlusal contacts, interferences and occlusal considerations in implant patients.

UNLABELLED: This second part of the two-part article discusses different types of occlusal contacts and their interferences. It also provides a practical guide to what is required to optimise the restorative treatment outcome. Occlusion and its effect on dental implants are also presented. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Restorative treatment outcome is highly dependent on the occlusion of the restoration when the treatment is complete.,

Fundamentals of occlusion and restorative dentistry. Part I: basic principles.

This article presents the basic principles of dental occlusion and an overview of this subject area, which is important for dental professionals. Clinical relevance: A sound knowledge of dental occlusion is important in order to improve dental treatment outcome and achieve a long-lasting restoration.

Management of Broken Screw Inside Implant Screw Channel: A Case Report.

RATIONALE: This case report outlines a novel prosthodontic approach for managing a broken screw inside an implant screw channel, emphasising the importance of innovative solutions in implant dentistry. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 57-year-old male patient sought restoration for implant-supported crowns (#46 and #47). A broken screw inside the implant screw channel posed a significant concern for both the patient and the dental team. TREATMENT: Utilising an impression pickup technique of the inner surface of the implant body, a custom titanium abutment was fabricated in the laboratory and restoration was successfully replaced. A follow-up of 6 months was performed, ensuring optimal function and patient satisfaction. OUTCOME: The custom titanium abutment with a zirconia crown was placed, leading to a successful restoration. The patient reported no discomfort, demonstrating improved function and aesthetics. TAKEAWAY LESSON: This case highlights the effectiveness of tailored prosthodontic interventions in addressing complex implant-related complications.

An introduction to single implant abutments.

UNLABELLED: This article is an introduction to single implant abutments and aims to provide basic information about abutments which are essential for all dental personnel who are involved in dental implantology. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This article provides a basic knowledge of implants and implant abutments which are of paramount importance, as replacement of missing teeth with oral implants has become a well-established clinical procedure.

Dental implants and single implant-supported restorations.

Replacing missing teeth using dental implants is a good treatment option with a high degree of success. As the dental implantology field develops and the number of implants placed worldwide increases, several terms and techniques have been formulated. Therefore, a basic knowledge of dental implants is necessary for every dental student and dentist. The current article sheds light on how the dental implant integrates with its surrounding bone and what factors can affect this integration. The relationship between the implant and its surrounding soft tissue, different types of the dental implants, and the restorative components and procedures, are all reviewed.

Dental Caries and Its Management.

Objectives: In recent years, the management of dental caries has evolved significantly. Caries prevention, early detection, and a diagnosis based on risk indicators and risk factor assessments are the most current practical approaches. Furthermore, as proposed in minimally invasive dentistry, the new management approaches preserve healthy tissue and maintain pulp vitality. This article overviews the latest minimally invasive dental caries management and treatment options. The information will assist the reader in the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of dental caries. Materials and Methods: The PubMed (MEDLINE) search engine was used to gather the most relevant information on dental caries. The search was restricted to five years (May 30, 2018-May 29, 2022), and only English-language studies were accessed. A Boolean search of the PubMed data set was implemented to combine a range of keywords. The following filters were applied: abstract, free full text, full text, clinical trial, randomised control trial, systematic review, meta-analysis, and review. More studies were also obtained by manual searches from Google Scholar and textbooks on dental caries. Results: By using this process, 683 articles and studies were obtained. The most relevant published studies were chosen and used in the current review. The selected articles are included in the references list. However, the search extended to cover the last five years as our understanding and management of dental caries have changed significantly. Conclusions: Early detection and diagnosis of caries based on risk indicators and risk factor assessments are effective. Furthermore, minimally invasive restorative techniques are beneficial in managing dental caries and preserving healthy tissue and should be used whenever possible. This new information, knowledge, and materials should encourage professionals to implement this method. Having a strategy and system based on patient-centred care is critical, and our dental responsibilities must prioritise patient-centred care.

All-ceramic restorations: A review of the literature.

OBJECTIVES: Ceramics can simulate the visual character of the tooth substance successfully and are biocompatible materials. However, a wide range of ceramic materials and systems on the market are available for use in dentistry. Therefore, it is the aim of this article to provide an overview of dental ceramics, their classifications, methods of construction, and clinically relevant aspects that enable the reader to select the most appropriate ceramic for a particular clinical situation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The PubMed (MEDLINE) search engine was used to gather the most recent information on dental ceramics. The search was restricted to a ten-year period (January 1, 2010-December 31, 2019) and only English-language studies. A Boolean search of the PubMed data set was implemented to combine a range of keywords: (ceramics OR all-ceramics OR dental porcelain OR polycrystalline OR porcelain fused to metal OR ceramometal OR procera OR e max OR zirconia OR In-ceram OR Inlays OR Onlays OR Overlays OR Endocrown) AND (survival rate OR success rate OR clinical outcomes OR classification) AND (humans). Studies were also obtained by manual searches and from Google Scholar. RESULTS: By using this process, 2173 articles and studies were obtained. More studies were also obtained by manual searches and from Google Scholar. The most relevant published studies were chosen and used in the current review. CONCLUSION: All-ceramic restoration use has increased in recent years. This increase has been attributed to patients' demand for good aesthetics and an improvement in the materials' mechanical and aesthetic properties as well as to required minimally invasive tooth preparation and the methods of fabrication. The success of ceramic restorations depends on several factors, such as selection of material, restoration design, occlusion, and cementation media.

Tooth surface loss: A review of literature.

OBJECTIVES: Tooth surface loss (TSL) or tooth wear (TW) is an irreversible loss of hard tooth structure caused by factors other than those responsible for dental caries. TSL is observed clinically as attrition, abrasion, abfraction, and erosion. It may be associated with symptoms such as tooth hypersensitivity and function impairment, and may lead to change in the morphology of the affected tooth. However, it may also be asymptomatic, meaning the patient may not be aware of it. In this instance, the dentist is encouraged to make the patient aware of this issue.The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the classification and management of TSL. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The PubMed (MEDLINE) search engine was used to gather the most recent information on TSL. The search was restricted to a five year period (1 September 2014-31 August 2019), and only English-language studies were included. A Boolean search of the PubMed dataset was implemented to combine a range of keywords: (Tooth surface loss OR tooth wear) AND (tooth attrition OR tooth Abrasion OR tooth erosion OR tooth abfraction OR non-carious cervical lesions) AND (humans). Studies were also obtained by manual searches and from Google Scholar. RESULTS: By this process, 560 articles and studies were obtained. More studies were also obtained by manual searches and from Google Scholar. The most relevant published studies were chosen and used in the current review. The selected articles are included in the reference list. CONCLUSION: TSL is a clinical problem that dentists face on a daily basis. Therefore, a sound clinical approach by which TSL can be prevented and managed is essential. While this approach requires that dentists are knowledgeable about the issue, increasing public awareness of TSL is also vital.

Generation of microdamage around endosseous implants.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of microdamage as a result of osteotomy preparation and/or insertion of endosseous screw-shaped titanium implants into the dog mandible. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The mandibular premolar regions of four young adult male Beagle dogs were used for the study. Four implant sites were prepared in the edentulous area of each mandible on each side and the sites were divided into four experimental groups. Group I included sites that contained an osteotomy preparation only. Group II included sites that contained an osteotomy preparation and were tapped but did not receive any implant. Group III included sites that contained an osteotomy preparation and were not tapped but received an implant. Group IV included sites that contained an osteotomy preparation and were tapped before implant placement. Control sites (Group V) were randomly selected from different mandibular sites. Ground sections were prepared from biopsies taken at 2 days and were examined using epifluorescence microscopy. Total number and length of microcracks for each side were compared (left vs. right) using descriptive statistical methods. RESULTS: The control group (V) had fewer microcracks compared with the modalities I-IV. There were no differences in microcrack lengths between the jaw sides, treatment modalities, jaw regions and between the treatment modalities and controls. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that most of the microcracks were generated by the osteotomy preparation and the other modalities did not appear to have any major additional effects.