Construction and application of a risk index of Echinococcus infection based on the classification of echinococcosis lesions / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the feasibility of constructing the risk index of Echinococcus infection based on the classification of echinococcosis lesions, so as to provide insights into the management of echinococcosis. Methods The imaging data of echinococcosis cases were collected from epidemiological surveys of echinococcosis in China from 2012 to 2016, and the detection of incident echinococcosis cases was captured from the annual echinococcosis prevention and control reports across provinces (autonomous regions) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in China from 2017 to 2022. After echinococcosis lesions were classified, a risk index of Echinococcus infection was constructed based on the principle of discrete distribution marginal probability and multi-group classification data tests. The correlation between the risk index of Echinococcus infection and the detection of incident echinococcosis cases was evaluated in the provinces (autonomous regions and corps) from 2017 to 2022, and the correlations between the short and medium-term risk indices and between the medium and long-term risk indices of Echinococcus infection were examined using a univariate linear regression model. Results A total of 4 014 echinococcosis cases in China from 2012 to 2016 were included in this study. The short-, medium- and long-term risk indices of E. granulosus infection varied in echinococcosis-endemic provinces (autonomous regions and corps) of China (χ2 = 4.12 to 708.65, all P values < 0.05), with high short- (0.058), medium- (0.137) and long-term risk indices (0.104) in Tibet Autonomous Region, and the short-, medium- and long-term risk indices of E. multilocularis infection varied in echinococcosis-endemic provinces (autonomous regions and corps) of China (χ2 = 6.74 to 122.60, all P values < 0.05), with a high short-term risk index in Sichuan Province (0.016) and high medium- (0.009) and long-term risk indices in Qinghai Province (0.018). There were no significant correlations between the risk index of E. granulosus infection and the detection of incident cystic echinococcosis cases during the study period (t = −0.518 to 2.265, all P values > 0.05), and strong correlations were found between the risk indices of E. multilocularis infection and the detection of incident alveolar echinococcosis cases (including mixed type) in 2018, 2020, 2021, 2022, during the period from 2017 through 2020, from 2017 through 2021, from 2017 through 2022 (all r values > 0.7, t = 2.521 to 3.692, all P values < 0.05). Linear regression models were established between the risk index of E. multilocular infection and the detection of alveolar echinococcosis cases (including mixed type), and the models were all statistically significant (b = 0.214 to 2.168, t = 2.458 to 3.692, F = 6.044 to 13.629, all P values < 0.05). The regression coefficients for the correlations between the medium- and short-term, and between the long- and medium-term risk indices of E. granulosus infection were 2.339 and 0.765, and the regression coefficients for the correlations between the medium- and short-term, and between the long- and medium-term risk indices of E. multilocular infection were 0.280 and 1.842, with statistical significance seen in both the regression coefficients and regression models (t = 16.479 to 197.304, F = 271.570 to 38 928.860, all P values < 0.05). Conclusions The risk index of Echinococcus infection has been successfully established based on the classification of echinococcosis lesions, which may provide insights into the prevention and control, prediction, diagnosis and treatment, and classified management of echinococcosis.

Clinical study of Tiaogan Lifei Decoction on improving the level of symptom control in asthmatic patients with moderate and high dose glucocorticoid inhalation / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of Tiaogan Lifei Decoction on the level of symptom control in patients with bronchial asthma (asthma) treated with moderate and high dosage inhaled glucocorticoids (ICS).Methods:Randomized double-blind placebo controlled prospective study was used. Totally 90 patients with asthma (liver lung disharmony, wind phlegm blocking collateral syndrome) using moderate and high dosage ICS who met the inclusion criteria from January 2020 to December 2021 in Chaoyang District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing were divided into two groups according to random number table method, with 45 cases in each group. On the basis of using the original dosage of ICS, the treatment group used Tiaogan Lifei Decoction, while the control group used Tiaogan Lifei Decoction simulant. The course of treatment was 12 weeks. TCM symptom score of both group before and after the treatment was detected; asthma control test (ACT) was used to assess the effects of asthma on the patients; St George's Hospital Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) was used to assess patients' quality of life; the peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) was measured with a peak expiratory flow meter. 2 ml of venous blood was collected for eosinophil (EOS) detection, and the serum allergen specific IgE level was determined by ELISA. The adverse reactions were observed during the treatment and the clinical efficacy was evaluated.Results:During the test, 3 cases and 2 cases in the treatment group and control group lost prevention respectively. 3 cases in the treatment group and 6 cases in the control group withdrew from the trial because of the aggravation of symptoms and the need to increase the dosage of ICS. The total effective rate in the treatment group was 78.6% (33/42), and that in the control group was 55.8% (24/43), with statistical significance ( χ2=4.98, P=0.026). After treatment, the scores of daily activities, early awakening, control and total scores in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group ( t values were 1.76, 1.99, 2.00, 2.69, respectively, P<0.01 or P<0.05); after treatment, the scores of cough, chest tightness, active wheezing, upset, pharyngeal itch and total score in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group ( t values were -5.89, -6.01, -5.66, -4.27, -6.67, -9.05, respectively, P<0.01); SGRQ score in the treatment group was lower than that of the control group ( t=-7.19, P<0.01). No serious adverse reactions occurred during treatment in the two groups. Conclusion:Tiaogan Lifei Decoction is helpful to improve the symptom control level of asthma patients who are using ICS, and effectively improve the quality of life of patients with asthma of liver lung disharmony and wind phlegm obstructing collaterals syndrome.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices related to cystic echinococcosis endemicity in Pakistan.

BACKGROUND: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a human and animal health problem in many endemic areas worldwide. It is considered a neglected zoonotic disease caused by the larval form (hydatid cyst) of Echinococcus spp. tapeworm. There are limited studies on echinococcosis in Pakistan. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted to find out recent knowledge, attitudes and practices on the occurrence of cystic echinococcosis in butchers and dog owners in both urban and rural areas of Rawalpindi/Islamabad regions, Pakistan. The quantitative data was collected in the form of questionnaires to investigate the knowledge and awareness of CE among community members and their routine practices that  were behind the factors involved in hydatid cyst infection. The practices and infrastructure of abattoirs/butcher shops and their role in transmission of cystic echinococcosis were also evaluated in the present study. RESULTS: The participants involved in the study were dog owners and people who kept animals. A total of 400 people were interviewed and 289 questionnaires were received. The results showed that only 4.1% of people have heard about the disease, and 58.1% were closely associated with dogs. Sixty-three percent of dogs in study area were consuming uncooked organs (e.g. liver, lung, etc.) of slaughtered animals, while 100% of dogs at butcher shops were consuming uncooked organs. Home slaughtering was common in 20.06%. Among butchers, 32.3% had heard about zoonoses and 7.61% knew about CE. The statistical analysis showed that there was highly significant difference (P < 0.05) among most of the practices that were associated with the prevalence of CE. CONCLUSIONS: It  was concluded from the present study that, the knowledge and awareness of CE among people of Rawalpindi/Islamabad were low. Because of dogs and poor knowledge of CE among community members and butchers, the transmission of echinococcosis is facilitated. Therefore, there is urgent need to strengthen awareness and health education among people, as well as proper practices related to the CE not only in the study area, but also in other areas of Pakistan.

Early implementation of group rehabilitation exercise improves quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the impact of group-based rehabilitation exercise on motor and non-movement symptoms of Parkinson's disease(PD).Methods:A total of 88 patients from out-patient and in-patient services at our hospital were randomly assigned to an early exercise group(E-EG), a late exercise group(L-EG), and a control group(CG)using a randomized delayed-start design.Patients in the E-EG carried out a rigorous, formal group exercise program, one hour per session, twice per week, for 18 months(May 2018-November 2019). Patients in the L-EG took part in the exercise program in the final 6-12 months of the study.We assessed outcomes using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS), Parkinson's disease questionnaire-39(PDQ-39 Q), trail-making test part A & B, nine-hole peg test(9-HPT), 30 second sit to stand test(30s SST), 10 m walk test(10 m W), mini-balance evaluation systems test(Mini-BEST), Fullerton Advanced Balance(FAB)Scale and time up and go(TUG)test.Results:Compared with pre-exercise levels, patients with PD in the E-EG had lower performance in UPDRS(17.5±8.3 vs.20.0±8.6, t=-2.2, P=0.02)and lower performance in PDQ-39(27.2±2.1 vs.29.0±9.8, t=-2.6, P=0.001)after exercise.Moreover, compared with pre-exercise levels, patients with PD in the E-EG showed decreased post-exercise performance in trail-making test part B(114.2±25.5 vs.129.8±28.4, t=-2.3, P=0.02)and in 9-HPT(33.7±7.3 vs.39.6±9.3, t=-2.6, P=0.001). Conclusions:The practice of group-based rehabilitation exercise can improve movement abilities and quality of life in PD patients, especially if implemented early.Targeted rehabilitation exercise should be taken as part of the treatment strategy for PD patients as early as possible to deliver the best benefits.

Clinical study of Guben-Tiaoping Decoction in improving the success rate of inhaled corticosteroid stepwise treatment in asthma / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of combined use of Guben-Tiaoping Decoction on the success rate of stepwise treatment and life quality of asthma patients. Methods:A total of 76 patients with asthma in remission stage who were using ICS were divided into treatment group (38 cases) and control group(38 cases) according to random number table. Both groups were treated with ICS reduction based on the 2017 Gina Protocol. The treatment group was treated with Guben-Tiaoping Decoction for 12 weeks. The number of patients who were able to successfully complete the stepwise treatment after the end of the trial was calculated, the relevant indexes of Asthma Control Test (ACT), TCM Syndrome score, St. George’s respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ) and lung function were collected before and after treatment. Result:After 12 weeks’ treatment, the success rate of stepwise was 89.5% (34/38) in the treatment group and 78.9% (30/38) in the control group ( χ2=14.862, P=0.001). Meanwhile, the ACT score of the treatment group were better than those in the control group (Daytime symptoms t=-3.860, P=0.001, Dyspnea t=-2.007, P=0.40, Night waking t=-2.732, P=0.009, Reliever needed for symptoms t=-2.262, P=0.031, Control situation t=-6.994, P=0.001, Total Score t=-9.562, P=0.001). The score of TCM Syndrome in the treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group ( P=0.001); PEF in treatment group [(6.92 ± 1.71) L vs. (5.84 ± 1.22) L; t=-2.880, P=0.005] was significantly better than that of the control group. Conclusion:Guben-Tiaoping Decoction is helpful to improve the success rate of ICS stepwise treatment and the life quality of patients.

Analysis of Wu Weiping's medication rules on treating the onset of bronchial asthma based on data mining / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To analyze Professor Wu Weiping's medication rules on treating the onset of bronchial asthma based on data mining.Methods The patients'records and prescriptions of Professor Wu Weiping on treating the onset of bronchial asthma were collected and collated,and the frequency and regularity of drug combinations were researched by using the association rules of TCM inheritance support system to analyze the medication experience of Professor Wu Weiping.Results By analyzing the 249 prescriptions of 61 patients,drug properties of the prescription:cold (45.6％),warm (42.6％),bitter(37.9％),pungent (27.5％).Channel tropism:lung,spleen,liver,stomach.The top 10 herbal medicine are Qingbanxia,Chaihu,Fangfeng,Huangqin,Mahuang,Wuweizi,Wumei,Qianhu,Chishao,Kuxingren.The top 3 treatment principle is reducing phlegm,expelling wind evil and regulating qi.Xiaochaihu decoction and Guomin decoction were showed in the article.Conclusions Data dining could help to discover the rules of Professor Wu Weiping's treatment of the onset of bronchial asthma.The cold and warm drugs,acrid and bitter drugs were used together frequently,while the drugs belonging to the lung,spleen,liver and stomach meridians were used commonly.The evil of phlegm,qi and wind were paid attention to eliminate pathogen.

A new technique of angulated innominate osteotomy for treating developmental dysplasia of the hip / 中华骨科杂志

Objective@#To introduce a new technique of angulated innominate osteotomy modified from Salter innominate osteotomy and to compare its early clinical effects with the traditional Salter technique.@*Methods@#Data of 45 cases treated with innominate osteotomy from January 2015 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 14 cases (1 male and 13 females; average age 34.21 months, range from 20 to 43 months) treated by traditional Salter innominate osteotomy (the traditional group) and 31 cases (5 males and 26 females; average age 25.42 months, range from 17-42 months) treated by angulated innominate osteotomy (the modified group). The acetabular index was evaluated radiographically for assessing surgical effects. The operation time and total blood loss during the operation were also collected. McKay method was used for clinical evaluation at the last follow-up. The images of the follow-ups, including the latest one, were used to confirm the exist of complications of avascular necrosis of femoral epiphysis, re-dislocation or subluxation of the hip.@*Results@#The mean follow-up time of traditional group was 23.64 months (range, 8-50 months) and modified group's was 18.94 months (range, 8-35 months). The mean time consumption of modified group (262.42±67.56 min) was significantly lower than traditional group's (306.43±48.37 min) (t=2.482, P=0.018) and the mean total amount of blood loss in the modified group was 81.28±29.00 ml, significantly lower than that of the traditional group's of 117.85±45.55 ml (t=2.762, P=0.013). All the involved hips in the two groups achieved varying degrees of deformities correction after surgery. In the traditional group, the mean correction angle was 13.19°±2.89°, compared to 15.46°±4.29° of the modified group's, and there was statistical differences (t=-2.078, P=0.045). As for McKay results, the excellent combined with good rates in the traditional group and the modified group were 86% and 90%, respectively. The occurrence rate of avascular necrosis of modified group was about 25.81% while traditional group's was 50%. Two patients had subluxation signs in the traditional group.@*Conclusion@#In this research, the angulated innominate osteotomy had good early outcomes with less blood loss and lower incidence of complications than the traditional one.

A new technique of angulated innominate osteotomy for treating developmental dysplasia of the hip / 中华骨科杂志

Objective To introduce a new technique of angulated innominate osteotomy modified from Salter innominate osteotomy and to compare its early clinical effects with the traditional Salter technique. Methods Data of 45 cases treated with innominate osteotomy from January 2015 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 14 cases ( 1 male and 13 fe?males; average age 34.21 months, range from 20 to 43 months) treated by traditional Salter innominate osteotomy (the traditional group) and 31 cases (5 males and 26 females; average age 25.42 months, range from 17-42 months) treated by angulated innomi?nate osteotomy (the modified group). The acetabular index was evaluated radiographically for assessing surgical effects. The opera?tion time and total blood loss during the operation were also collected. McKay method was used for clinical evaluation at the last follow?up. The images of the follow?ups, including the latest one, were used to confirm the exist of complications of avascular necro?sis of femoral epiphysis, re?dislocation or subluxation of the hip. Results The mean follow?up time of traditional group was 23.64 months (range, 8-50 months) and modified group's was 18.94 months (range, 8-35 months). The mean time consumption of modi?fied group (262.42±67.56 min) was significantly lower than traditional group's (306.43±48.37 min) (t=2.482, P=0.018) and the mean total amount of blood loss in the modified group was 81.28±29.00 ml, significantly lower than that of the traditional group's of 117.85±45.55 ml (t=2.762, P=0.013). All the involved hips in the two groups achieved varying degrees of deformities correction after surgery. In the traditional group, the mean correction angle was 13.19°±2.89°, compared to 15.46°±4.29° of the modified group's, and there was statistical differences (t=-2.078, P=0.045). As for McKay results, the excellent combined with good rates in the traditional group and the modified group were 86% and 90%, respectively. The occurrence rate of avascular necrosis of modi?fied group was about 25.81% while traditional group's was 50%. Two patients had subluxation signs in the traditional group. Con?clusion In this research, the angulated innominate osteotomy had good early outcomes with less blood loss and lower incidence of complications than the traditional one.

Epidemiological characteristics of Kala-azar disease in China, during 2005-2015 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of Kala-azar disease in China from 2005 to 2015,to provide evidence for the development of related control and measurement strategies.Methods Data was obtained from Disease Reporting Information System of China CDC,to compare factors on type,distribution,peak season and the age of onset of the cases.Results Epidemic of Kala-azar had been persistent in China.Number of the reported cases declined in Sichuan and Gansu provinces but two outbreaks had occurred in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region.The epidemic was confined in few areas.The reported cases were mainly from Xinjiang,Gansu and Sichuan,with the total cases in these three provinces accounted for 95.29％ of all the cases seen in the country.The main peak season was from October to November,followed by April.There were significant differences seen in the age distributions of canine Kala-azar,anthroponotic Kala-azar and wildlife-oriented Kala-azar (P＜0.05) cases.Majority of the cases involved under 3-year-olds,with peak age in under 1-year-olds for wildlife-oriented Kala-azar.For anthroponotic and canine Kala-azar cases,most of them were seen among the under 10 years old,with the peak among the 5-year-olds.Conclusions In recent years,Kala-azar had been seen endemic and persistent,in the mid-west regions of China,but with different epidemiological characteristics.Further study on Kala-azar should be carried on to include appropriate measurements and strategies,according to the features of the disease,in the mid-western areas of China.

Epidemiological characteristics of Kala-azar disease in China, during 2005-2015 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of Kala-azar disease in China from 2005 to 2015,to provide evidence for the development of related control and measurement strategies.Methods Data was obtained from Disease Reporting Information System of China CDC,to compare factors on type,distribution,peak season and the age of onset of the cases.Results Epidemic of Kala-azar had been persistent in China.Number of the reported cases declined in Sichuan and Gansu provinces but two outbreaks had occurred in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region.The epidemic was confined in few areas.The reported cases were mainly from Xinjiang,Gansu and Sichuan,with the total cases in these three provinces accounted for 95.29％ of all the cases seen in the country.The main peak season was from October to November,followed by April.There were significant differences seen in the age distributions of canine Kala-azar,anthroponotic Kala-azar and wildlife-oriented Kala-azar (P＜0.05) cases.Majority of the cases involved under 3-year-olds,with peak age in under 1-year-olds for wildlife-oriented Kala-azar.For anthroponotic and canine Kala-azar cases,most of them were seen among the under 10 years old,with the peak among the 5-year-olds.Conclusions In recent years,Kala-azar had been seen endemic and persistent,in the mid-west regions of China,but with different epidemiological characteristics.Further study on Kala-azar should be carried on to include appropriate measurements and strategies,according to the features of the disease,in the mid-western areas of China.

Progress of High-resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Evaluating Cerebral Atherosclerotic Plaques (re-view) / 中国康复理论与实践

High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HRMRI) is a safe, non-invasive, inexpensive, accurate and reproducible clini-cal imaging modality, and the results can acutely reflect the extent of atherosclerotic disease and have high predictive values for future clini-cal events. It uses black blood imaging techniques and can obtain sufficient sensitivity for submillimetre imaging. HRMRI has been used widely to visualize the vessel wall and differentiate the components of atherosclerotic plaques. It is of important clinical meaning to evaluate plaque vulnerability with HRMRI, which is related to the remodeling pattern, plaque burden, intraplaque hemorrhage and contrast enhance-ment, and plaque distribution, etc.

Evaluation on application of China Disease Prevention and Control Informa-tion System of Hydatid DiseaseⅠCurrent status at the provincial level / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To evaluate the application status of China Disease Prevention and Control Information System of Hy?datid Disease,in which questions existed are summarized in order to promote the system update. Methods A questionnaire was designed and distributed to Inner Mongolia,Sichuan,Tibet,Gansu,Qinghai,Ningxia,Xinjiang and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps to evaluate the application status of China Disease Prevention and Control Information System of Hydatid Disease assistant with telephone. Results The recovery rate of questionnaires was 87.5%. The statistics of closed questions showed that national application rate of the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System of Hydatid Disease was 100%,of which 15.3%were low frequency users,57.1%believed the system was necessary,28.6%considered it was dispens?able,and 14.3%believed that it was totally unnecessary. The statistics of open?ended questions indicated that 6 endemic regions suggested to increase the guidance and training,while 4 endemic regions had opinions on sharing the information of the national infectious disease reporting systems and hydatid disease prevention and control information system,and the opinions on turning monthly report to quarterly report,and increasing statistics and analysis module,and 3 endemic regions deemed that the system had logic errors and defects. Conclusion The problems of the system are mainly focused on the existence of systemic deficien?cies and logic errors,lacking of statistical parameters and corresponding analysis function module,and lacking of the guidance and training,which limits the use of the system. Therefore,these problems should be resolved.

Analysis of insulin resistance and islet beta cell function under different glucose metabolic state in the elderly / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To detect and analyze the insulin resistance and islet beta cell function under different glucose metabolic state in the elderly.Methods 30 cases with impaired fasting glucose (IFG),impaired glucose tolerance (IGT),IFG plus IGT,diabetes mellitus (DM) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) respectively were selected.The HOMA model was adopted for assessing insulin resistance and islet beta cell function.Results Insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was higher in IFG group (1.16±0.03) than in NGT group (0.87±0.03) (P＜0.05).The HOMA-IR was higher in IFG and IGF groups than in NGT group (both P＜0.05).The insulin secretion index (HOMA-IS) was lower in DM (3.95±0.06) than in NGT (5.15±0.05),IGT (5.13±0.03) and IFG (4.56 ± 0.07) groups (all P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the HOMA-IS between IGT and NGT groups.Conclusions The IFG patients mainly present the defect in insulin secretion,and the IGT patients mainly present insulin resistance.With the deterioration of glucose metabolism,insulin resistance increases and islet beta cell function decays gradually.

Application of spatial statistics on echinococcosis studies / 中国人兽共患病学报

Spatial statistics plays an important role in spatial epidemiology studies of echinococcosis .Spatial statistics can be used to describe the spatial distribution ,predict the prevalence ,identify disease clusters ,and analyze the influencing factors of echinococcosis .To describe spatial distribution and predict the prevalence ,we can use spatial interpolation ,empirical bayes smoothing and ellipsoidal gradient .Spatial autocorrelation always used to identify disease clusters .Moran's I value ,Getis'G val‐ue and spatial scan statistics are used to judge spatial autocorrelation .Molding plays an important role on analyzing risk factors of echinococcosis .Generalised linear mixed models and Bayesian model are always performed with both spatial factors ,such as geomorphologic features ,climatic characteristics ,vegetation index and factors which make great effect on disease transmission . To figure out the spatial distribution of echinococcosis is significant for echinococcosis control and prevention .

Investigation of B-cell activating factor in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neuromyelitis optical / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the expression of B-cell activating factor (BAFF) in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neuromyelitis optical (NMO).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data were collected from 44 patients with NMO and 38 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Thirty healthy controls and 15 controls with noninflammatory neurological diseases were also recruited. The concentration of BAFF in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean serum BAFF level was 250.2 ± 126.9 pg/ml in NMO patients, 249.6 ± 130.7 pg/ml in MS patients, and 222.9 ± 126.1 pg/ml in the control subjects, showing no significant difference among the 3 groups (P>0.05). The mean BAFF level in the CSF was significantly higher in NMO patients than in MS patients (525.8 ± 230.0 pg/ml vs 298.4 ± 141.9 pg/ml, P<0.05), and higher in MS patients than in the control subjects (141.4 ± 76.2 pg/ml, P<0.05). Both NMO and MS group showed a positive correlation between EDSS scores and CSF BAFF level. But in NMO patients, CSF BAFF level was not associated with AQP4-antibody titer.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>BAFF in the CSF may be a useful biomarker for a differential diagnosis of NMO from MS and has an important value in evaluating the disease severity.</p>

Prevalence of obese and metabolic syndrome of the children and adolescents in Longquan mountainous area in Zhejiang province / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome(MS)of children and adolescents in Longquan mountainous area in Zhejiang province.Methods A representative sample involving 2 135 children and adolescence aged 10 to 15 years were randomly surveyed and a total of 2 125 had available data(male/female ratios as:1 109/1 016).Using the standard methods,we measured the weight,height,waist circumference,hip circumference,blood pressure,detected fasting plasma glucose (FPG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL -C),triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),and calculated non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol(non-HDL). The prevalence of obesity and MS among the 10 to 15 years old children and adolescence in Longquan was compared with that in six cities in China(Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Zhejiang,Chongqing and Guangxi).Results The preva-lence of obesity was 4.7% in 10 -15 -year -old teenage,in which the male obesity prevalence was 6.3%(70/1 109),female obesity prevalence was 3.0%(30 /1 016).The prevalence of overweight was 9.4% and the prevalence of boys was 11.0%,while the girl was 7.6%.The prevalence of obesity and overweight was 16.4%(299/2 125).The prevalence of MS was 2%(42/2 125)in the survey,but 42.0%in the obesity.The prevalence of obesity in Longquan(4.7%)was lower than that in the national six cities(8.1%)among the children and adoles-cents from 10 to 15 years old(χ2 =31.09,P=0.000).But in the obesity students,the prevalence of MS(42.0%)in Longquan was higher than that in six cities(28.8%)(χ2 =5.43,P=0.02).Conclusion The prevalence of obesity in Longquan mountainous area was lower than that in the national six cities among the children and adolescents from 10 to 15 years old.However,the prevalence of MS among the obesity in Longquan was higher than that in six cities.

Prevalence of Cystic Echinococcosis in Slaughtered Sheep as an Indicator to Assess Control Progress in Emin County, Xinjiang, China

Hydatid disease imposing serious threat on human health and great loss in livenotstock pastoralism remains a major public health problem in western China. To assess and monitor the effect of control program on transmission dynamics, we used the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in slaughtered sheep at slaughterhouse as an indicator during the period of 2007 to 2013 in Emin County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. The results showed a significant decline trend of prevalence in all age groups during the 7 years when the control program was implemented; particularly, the rate was reduced by 72% after first 3 years. Among the sheep slaughtered, the age distribution evidenced that the prevalence increased significantly as the sheep grew older. The baseline data indicated that the rate was 4.5% at the age or =4 years. Earlier response to the intervention pressure was seen in the sheep at the younger age. Significant decline started from 2008 at the age or =4. This study demonstrated that the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in slaughtered sheep may be used as an indicator to assess and monitor the transmission status during and after control program providing information for betterment of performance to sustain control strength.

Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning in treatment of "irreducible" supracondylar humerus fractures in children / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical effects of closed reduction and percutaneous pinning in treatment of "irreducible" supracondylar humeral fractures in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy-six consecutive children of Gartland III supracondylar humeral fractures treated in the Department of Pediatric Orthopedics of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University from July 2011 to July 2013 were analyzed retrospectively, of which 69 were extension type fractures and 7 were flexion type. There were 52 male and 24 female patients with an average age of 6.5 years (range 1.6 to 13 years). The average time from injury to operation was 6.8 hours (range 4 to 48 hours). The mechanism of injury included 15 cases of high falling, and 61 cases of falling to the ground while walking or running. All cases were treated via closed reduction and percutaneous pinning. The radiographs were assessed every follow-up, including the healing and function of the elbow.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No major complications such as osteofascial compartment syndrome or neurovascular injuries occurred in these patients. Two cases with neurological injuries before the surgery were recovered fully after the surgery. According to Flynn criteria at follow-up evolution, 71 cases were excellent, and 5 were good.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>For the treatment of Gartland type III supracondylar humerus fractures in children, including "irreducible" supracondylar fractures of the humerus, closed reduction and percutaneous pinning is a safe and minimally invasive procedure, by which good fractures reductions and postoperative functions of the elbow can be achieved.</p>

Design and application of screw-assisted reduction of fractured vertebrae / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Screw fixation of the fractured vertebral body can share the stress of implant, increase fixing strength, and help to maintain the stability of late fracture. However, whether it can assist reduction using fracture vertebral screw, but no relevant clinical reports were found at present. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effectiveness of self-designed screw-assisted reduction of fractured vertebrae. METHODS:161 cases of thoracolumbar fracture who had been hospitalized between June 2001 and June 2009 were enrol ed in this study, including 101 males and 60 females, at the age of 22-67 years, averagely 36 years. By Denis classification, 64 cases affected burst fractures and 97 flexion-compression fractures. Fracture levels involved T11 (9 cases), T12 (63 cases), L1 (74 cases) and L2 (15 cases). The self-designed method of reduction assisted with screw insertion was used. The efficacy of this reduction method was evaluated by operation time, intraoperative bleeding, fracture union time, height ratio of anterior borders of injured and normal vertebrae, sagittal Cobb’s angle, and reduction of fragments. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The operation time ranged from 60 to 150 minutes, averaging 80 minutes. The intraoperative bleeding ranged from 67 to 750 mL, averaging 98 mL. The fol ow-up time ranged from 16 to 42 months in 161 patients. Fracture union time ranged from 10 to 18 weeks, averaging 12.6 weeks. The ratio of anterior heights and sagittal Cobb’s angle of fractured vertebrae were significantly improved from (54.39±9.60)%and (22.55±7.90)° respectively preoperati on to (82.80±6.63)%and (8.91°±5.85)° 12 months postoperation (P<0.05). The size of spinal canal was increased by (46.5±2.6)%postoperatively. CT scan revealed satisfactory fragment reduction and no deep infection appeared. These findings suggest that our self-designed screw-assisted reduction of the fractured vertebrae can improve the reduction quality in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures.

Minimally invasive treatment of Gartland type III humerus supracondylar fracture in children / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore minimally invasive surgical techniques for Gartland type III humeral supracondylar fracture in children and evaluate the outcomes of the patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively analyzed 62 children (43 boys and 19 girls, aged 1 year and 8 months to 13 years and 2 months, mean 6 years and 3 months) with Gartland type III humeral supracondylar fracture treated in our department from July, 2011 to September, 2013, including 42 with extension-ulnar type humeral supracondylar fracture and 20 with deviation-ulnar type. The injury to operation time ranged from 6 to 48 h with a mean of 13.5 h. Close reduction and percutaneous pinning internal fixation was performed by a single surgeon in all cases with plaster cast fixation for 3 to 4 weeks. The patients were followed up regularly and Flynn elbow scoring criteria was used to evaluate the outcomes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean operation time was 26.8 ± 15.6 min with a mean intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency of 9.2 ± 2.6 and a mean follow-up for 16.5 months (6 to 30 months). Clinical healing was achieved in 3 to 4 weeks without fracture displacement after removal of the internal fixation, and active and passive functional exercise was initiated. According to the Flynn elbow scoring criteria, excellent outcome was achieved in 53 (85%) cases at 3 months in 62 (100%) cases at 6 months after the surgery. No such complications as osteofascial compartment syndrome or vascular injuries occurred in these patients. Three children had alnar nerve injury symptoms after the operation but all recovered in 3 months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The minimally invasive method with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning internal fixation is feasible for treatment of Gartland type III humerus condyle fracture in children. This approach involves relatively simple operation with shorter operation time, minimal trauma, and less complications after operation, and promotes early functional recovery of the elbow joint.</p>