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1.
J Nutr Health Aging ; 27(2): 159-165, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36806870

RESUMO

In this cross-sectional analysis of 10,071 community dwelling adults aged ≥70 years, we examined factors associated with meal skipping (self-reported) using multivariable logistic regression. Prevalence of meal skipping in this study was 19.5%. The adjusted odds (aOR [95%CI]) of meal skipping were lower in those 85+ years (vs. 70-74.9 years, 0.56 [0.45-0.70]), and in those in regional areas (vs. urban area, 0.81 [0.72-0.92]). Higher odds of meal skipping were observed for those living alone (vs. living with someone, 1.84 [1.64-2.05]), current smokers (vs. non-smokers, 2.07 [1.54-2.80]), consumers of high amounts of alcohol (vs. abstainers 1.93 [1.35-2.75]), those with poor oral health (vs. excellent oral health, 1.71 [1.07 -2.73]) diabetes (vs. not 1.26 [1.06-1.50]), or frailty (vs. not, 1.63 [1.09-2.43]). This study identified socio-demographic, social, behavioural and biomedical correlates of meal skipping in later life, which may assist in targeting interventions to address meal skipping.


Assuntos
Comportamento Alimentar , Vida Independente , Humanos , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Refeições , Coleta de Dados
2.
Behav Brain Res ; 13(3): 201-7, 1984 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6508899

RESUMO

The common laboratory chemical, acrylamide, causes various clinical effects including dysfunction of the visual system. Previous electrophysiological recordings from the rat lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) following exposure to acrylamide suggested that X-like cells were selectively disrupted by the neurotoxin. This study examines the possibility that the diameter of the optic tract fibres may underlie their differential susceptibility, but shows that fibres of all sizes are affected by acrylamide intoxication and the results suggest that the selective effect of acrylamide is not due simply to disruption of optic tract fibres.


Assuntos
Acrilamidas/farmacologia , Corpos Geniculados/efeitos dos fármacos , Retina/efeitos dos fármacos , Acrilamida , Acrilamidas/toxicidade , Animais , Encefalopatias/induzido quimicamente , Gatos , Etambutol/intoxicação , Masculino , Neurite Óptica/induzido quimicamente , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos , Vias Visuais/efeitos dos fármacos
3.
Percept Mot Skills ; 57(3 Pt 2): 1171-5, 1983 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6664794

RESUMO

Psychomotor reminiscence was investigated in 80 young adults as a function of sex, handedness, and hand employed in practice. Women reminisced more than men when practice was conducted with the preferred hand but not when it was conducted with the other hand. Hand preference was not a significant factor in men's reminiscence. Results were discussed within the context of reactive inhibition theory.


Assuntos
Lateralidade Funcional , Desempenho Psicomotor/fisiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Memória/fisiologia , Prática Psicológica , Inibição Reativa , Fatores Sexuais
5.
Z Gesamte Hyg ; 36(8): 446-7, 1990 Aug.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2267851

RESUMO

In a rural district 187 patients with functional upper abdominal syndromes were examined in a neurological outpatient department by means of a clinical epidemiological questionnaire (46 parameters) and a modified life-event-inventory by Holmes and Rahe (56 items), expanded multidimensionally by subjective parameters of events. The epidemiological and stress-theoretical start of examination aimed at the result whether both methods in practice can help individually for a diagnostics fixed to therapy of psychosomatically sick persons. The representation of some results is limited to the sphere of work. One third of all patients mentioned conflicts in this field. Life-events belonging to the sphere of work with highly emotional filling by stress-experience were mentioned by the half of all patients. Both methods allow a more structured recording of the life-situation, of specific charges, of the individual kind of experience and a faster approach to the sphere of motivations, to problems of the development of such persons and their competencies to overcome these problems, as well as both methods allow an intelligibility of the genesis of this disease.


Assuntos
Gastroenteropatias/psicologia , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Doenças Profissionais/psicologia , Transtornos Psicofisiológicos/psicologia , Papel do Doente , Meio Social , Transtornos Somatoformes/psicologia , Adulto , Nível de Alerta , Feminino , Humanos , Satisfação no Emprego , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Estresse Psicológico/complicações
6.
Psychiatr Neurol Med Psychol (Leipz) ; 29(4): 221-30, 1977 Apr.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-882605

RESUMO

The group-therapeutical system of treatment used by the outpatient department of the Leipzig University Mental Hospital is described. Individual forms of therapy and their indications are discussed. Some therapeutical principles are outlined. And attempt is made to report some of the experience gained using this system of treatment.


Assuntos
Ambulatório Hospitalar , Psicoterapia de Grupo/métodos , Esquizofrenia/terapia , Adulto , Treinamento Autógeno/métodos , Criança , Dança , Humanos , Doença de Parkinson/terapia , Modalidades de Fisioterapia/métodos , Grupos de Autoajuda
7.
Fol Ophthalmol ; 3(1): 53-6, 1978.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12261660

RESUMO

PIP: 55 women, 17-41 years of age, were given Schirmer's test to measure tear secretion. The patients had used Nonovlon, Deposiston, or Ovosiston for 8-143 cycles. A reduction in tear secretion was observed in 20 cases, in 3 of which tear secretion was completely inhibited. 6 patients reported dryness or a burning sensation of the eyes. Conjunctivitis or keratoconjunctivitis sicca were observed in 4 of the patients, 25-34 years of age, who had used oral contraceptives for 6 months to 5 years. 2 of these patients changed from Nonovlon to Gravistat use, while 1 discontinued oral contraceptive use completely, after which the conditions cleared up.^ieng


Assuntos
Acetato de Clormadinona , Anticoncepcionais Femininos , Anticoncepcionais Orais , Mestranol , Pesquisa , Anticoncepção , Anticoncepcionais , Anticoncepcionais Orais Combinados , Anticoncepcionais Orais Hormonais , Serviços de Planejamento Familiar
8.
Z Gesamte Hyg ; 36(8): 442-3, 1990 Aug.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2267849

RESUMO

As to the prevention of somatic and psychosomatic diseases it should be tested, whether life-events are of interest to pathogenesis of disturbances like multiple sclerosis and ulcerative colitis. The social readjustment rating scale (Holmes, Rahe) was used and the life-change-unite-score of the groups of patients (n = 30) and a normal population was compared. Patients with m.s. and u.c. have a significant higher LCU-score than the normal group. Between the two diseases one can find no difference.


Assuntos
Colite Ulcerativa/psicologia , Esclerose Múltipla/psicologia , Transtornos Psicofisiológicos/psicologia , Papel do Doente , Estresse Psicológico/complicações , Humanos , Fatores de Risco
9.
Z Hautkr ; 64(6): 444-51, 1989 Jun 15.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2669399

RESUMO

Immunogenetical findings can contribute to the understanding of diseases of unknown etiology. It has, however, become difficult to define the borderlines between related diseases, since a vast amount of individual facts have been reported. For this reason, immunogenetical findings should only be seen as a part of general pathology. Our study, which makes use of HLA markers, is an attempt to provide a better definition of idiopathic acropustulosis, and to differentiate it more clearly from psoriasis.


Assuntos
Acrodermatite/genética , Marcadores Genéticos , Antígenos HLA/genética , Psoríase/genética , Humanos
10.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-122504

RESUMO

In children and young people with congenital cataracts the verbal intelligence quotient gives higher values than the perceptive-practical IQ. Longitudinal studies show the IQv reduced, but not the IQH. Connections exist between visual acuity and the IQ value, and the causes can be assumed to be disturbances of verbal information processing.


Assuntos
Catarata/congênito , Inteligência , Adolescente , Dano Encefálico Crônico/psicologia , Catarata/psicologia , Criança , Humanos , Transtornos Neurocognitivos/psicologia
11.
Exp Brain Res ; 80(1): 129-34, 1990.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2358023

RESUMO

A previously unexploited method of examining neural spike-trains was applied to data obtained from cells in the visual cortex. Distributions of interspike intervals recorded extracellularly from cat visual cortex under four conditions were analyzed. Stimuli were gratings differing in orientation and spatial frequency. The probability density function of first passage time for a random walk with drift process, which is defined by its barrier height and drift coefficient, was used to characterize the generating process of axonal discharge under resting and stimulus conditions. Drift coefficient and barrier height were derived from the sample mean and standard deviation of the measured inter-spike intervals. For cells with simple receptive fields, variations in the drift coefficient were produced by changes in orientation and spatial frequency. Variations in barrier height were produced only by changes in orientation of the stimulus.


Assuntos
Percepção de Forma/fisiologia , Percepção de Movimento/fisiologia , Reconhecimento Visual de Modelos/fisiologia , Córtex Visual/fisiologia , Animais , Gatos , Processamento Eletrônico de Dados , Potenciais Evocados Visuais , Modelos Neurológicos , Tempo de Reação/fisiologia
12.
Oncology ; 43(1): 50-3, 1986.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3941803

RESUMO

The nitrate and nitrite levels of 75 gastric juice samples from young and healthy fasting volunteers were examined. For both parameters a dependence on the specific pH value of the secretion was detected. The rise of the nitrite level from normal 0.1 ppm in the acid to 1.4 ppm in the neutral range can be explained by the activity of the bacterial flora even in the healthy stomach, which has already been demonstrated earlier. The hitherto existing theory that nitrate originates exclusively from the salivary glands, and if not reduced to nitrite by bacteria in the mouth cavity, is brought into the stomach via swallowed saliva only, does not explain the observation that there is a rise in nitrate concentration in neutral juice, too. Further investigations have to be made to see whether there are other endogenous sources of nitrate except the salivary glands in the gastrointestinal tract. The environmental pollutant nitrate must be paid more attention to in future.


Assuntos
Suco Gástrico/metabolismo , Nitratos/metabolismo , Nitritos/metabolismo , Compostos Nitrosos/biossíntese , Adulto , Jejum , Determinação da Acidez Gástrica , Suco Gástrico/microbiologia , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio
13.
Perception ; 29(8): 885-91, 2000.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11145081

RESUMO

We created a 'face space' using a laser-scan representation of faces. In this space, a caricature can be made by moving a face away from the average face, along the line connecting the particular face to the average face. Here, we move the face along this line in the other direction, proceeding through the mean and 'out the other side'. This results in a face that is 'opposite', in a computational sense, to the original face. We morphed several faces into their anti-faces and sampled the morph trajectory in five discrete steps. We then collected similarity ratings from human participants for all possible pairs of morphed faces to determine how the distances in the 'physical face space' related to the distances in the 'psychological face space'. The data indicate that there is a perceptual discontinuity of face identity as the face crosses over to the 'other side of the mean'. We consider these results in the context of face-space models of human face processing.


Assuntos
Face , Reconhecimento Visual de Modelos , Adulto , Algoritmos , Caricaturas como Assunto , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento Tridimensional , Masculino , Valores de Referência
14.
J Exp Child Psychol ; 77(4): 269-91, 2000 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11063629

RESUMO

The ability of children and adults to classify the sex of children's and adults' faces using only the biologically based internal facial structure was investigated. Face images of 7- to 10-year-old children and of adults in their 20s were edited digitally to eliminate hairstyle and clothing cues to sex. Seven-year-olds, nine-year-olds, and adults classified a subset of these faces by sex and were asked, subsequently, to recognize the faces from among the entire set of faces. This recognition task was designed to assess the relationship between categorization and recognition accuracy. Participants categorized the adult faces by sex at levels of accuracy varying from just above chance (7-year-olds) to nearly perfect (adults). All participant groups performed less accurately for children's faces than for adults' faces. The 7-year-olds were unable to classify the children's faces by sex at levels above chance. Finally, the faces of children and adults were equally recognizable--a finding that has theoretical implications for understanding the relationship between categorizing and identifying faces.


Assuntos
Face , Reconhecimento Visual de Modelos , Caracteres Sexuais , Estereotipagem , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Criança , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Discriminação Psicológica , Feminino , Humanos , Julgamento , Masculino , Modelos Psicológicos , Análise e Desempenho de Tarefas
15.
RNA ; 5(7): 939-46, 1999 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10411137

RESUMO

Oxazolidinones are antibacterial agents that act primarily against gram-positive bacteria by inhibiting protein synthesis. The binding of oxazolidinones to 70S ribosomes from Escherichia coli was studied by both UV-induced cross-linking using an azido derivative of oxazolidinone and chemical footprinting using dimethyl sulphate. Oxazolidinone binding sites were found on both 30S and 50S subunits, rRNA being the only target. On 16S rRNA, an oxazolidinone footprint was found at A864 in the central domain. 23S rRNA residues involved in oxazolidinone binding were U2113, A2114, U2118, A2119, and C2153, all in domain V. This region is close to the binding site of protein L1 and of the 3' end of tRNA in the E site. The mechanism of action of oxazolidinones in vitro was examined in a purified translation system from E. coli using natural mRNA. The rate of elongation reaction of translation was decreased, most probably because of an inhibition of tRNA translocation, and the length of nascent peptide chains was strongly reduced. Both binding sites and mode of action of oxazolidinones are unique among the antibiotics known to act on the ribosome.


Assuntos
Oxazóis/farmacologia , Biossíntese de Proteínas/efeitos dos fármacos , RNA Ribossômico/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Sequência de Bases , Sítios de Ligação , Reagentes de Ligações Cruzadas , Pegada de DNA , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Conformação de Ácido Nucleico , Oxazóis/química , RNA Ribossômico/química
16.
Carcinogenesis ; 12(4): 591-600, 1991 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1672840

RESUMO

Groups of rats, either dosed with N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) for 10 weeks (from the age of 7 to 17 weeks) or untreated, were fed diets containing either 2% (low fat, LF) or 30% polyunsaturated fat (high fat, HF) on an equicaloric basis from 5 weeks until rats were 43 weeks old. Biochemical parameters were measured during and at the end of the experiment in various organs, blood, urine and exhaled air, for correlation with the presence or absence of tumors. The HF diet tended to increase the number of hepatic tumors induced by NDEA, while the number of extrahepatic tumors was higher in rats fed on the LF diet; also the overall tumor incidence was higher in the LF group. In the HF/NDEA group, only two benign extrahepatic tumors were found. Plasma total and free cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were lower in the HF than the LF group without NDEA treatment. In animals bearing liver and/or extrahepatic tumors all plasma lipid concentrations were lower than in tumor-free animals. Only minor or no changes were detected in blood catalase activity, malondialdehyde level, reduced glutathione (GSH) level or GSH-related enzymes and excretion of thioethers in the urine due to dietary modulation or NDEA. Changes in the liver that were associated with the HF diet were: (i) increased amounts of some polyunsaturated fatty acids and of total phospholipids in liver microsomes; (ii) an enhanced level of lipid peroxidation in liver; (iii) a decrease in liver glutathione levels during NDEA treatment, with a simultaneous adaptive increase in superoxide dismutase levels, and a decrease in renal glutathione levels in both treated and untreated groups; (iv) enhanced microsomal induction of aminopyrine N-demethylase and epoxide hydrolase activities by NDEA, and (v) decreased hexose monophosphate shunt (HMS) activity. All mono-oxygenase activities were lower, and the activities of epoxide hydrolase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and HMS were higher, in liver tumors than in non-tumorous liver of similarly-treated rats. Neither diet nor NDEA had a major effect on drug-metabolizing enzyme activities in lung and kidney. HF diet significantly increased ethane exhalation (an indicator of the whole-body pro-oxidant state) over those on the LF diet: in rats on either diet, it was further increased when NDEA was given. Ethane exhalation was still elevated 30 weeks after the cessation of NDEA treatment. Our results suggest an association between the observed changes in biochemical parameters, notably oxidative stress, due to dietary modulation and the altered tumor incidence and organ distribution of tumors induced by NDEA.


Assuntos
Gorduras na Dieta/efeitos adversos , Dietilnitrosamina , Lipídeos/sangue , Neoplasias Hepáticas Experimentais/induzido quimicamente , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Animais , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Biotransformação , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Colesterol/sangue , Colesterol/metabolismo , Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Glutationa/metabolismo , Incidência , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/ultraestrutura , Masculino , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Neoplasias Experimentais/induzido quimicamente , Oxirredução , Fosfolipídeos/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos , Distribuição Tecidual , gama-Glutamiltransferase/sangue
17.
Behav Res Methods Instrum Comput ; 33(2): 115-23, 2001 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11447663

RESUMO

Previous studies of the perceptual processing and dynamics of emotional expression in faces have been limited by the lack of realistic yet controlled stimuli. The present work offers researchers a method for creating such stimuli for exploring these phenomena. We describe the creation of the stimuli and a series of experiments testing the validity of these stimuli with respect to emotional expressions in humans. Participants evaluated synthesized facial images and standardized photographs of six basic emotional expressions for intensity and accuracy of perceived emotion. Comparisons of these measures were qualitatively similar for synthesized and photographed faces. A manipulation of the magnitude of the synthesized expressions yielded a significant effect on the perceived intensity of expression. In a subsequent multidimensional scaling study, no systematic differences were uncovered in the derived configurations of the synthesized expressions and the photographs. These results are discussed in the context of possible future research applications.


Assuntos
Face , Expressão Facial , Emoções , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Percepção Visual
18.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 11(1): 9-12, 2001 Jan 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11140741
19.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 11(20): 2775-8, 2001 Oct 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11591521

RESUMO

Heterocyclic ureas, such as N-3-thienyl N'-aryl ureas, have been identified as novel inhibitors of raf kinase, a key mediator in the ras signal transduction pathway. Structure-activity relationships were established, and the potency of the screening hit was improved 10-fold to IC(50)=1.7 microM. A combinatorial synthesis approach enabled the identification of a breakthrough lead (IC(50)=0.54 microM) for a second generation series of heterocyclic urea raf kinase inhibitors.


Assuntos
Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-raf/antagonistas & inibidores , Ureia/análogos & derivados , Ureia/farmacologia , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Ureia/síntese química , Ureia/química
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