RESUMO
Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) of the lower back is considered a surrogate for acute low back pain (aLBP) in experimental studies. Of note, it is often unquestioningly assumed to be muscle pain. To date, there has not been a study analyzing lumbar DOMS in terms of its pain origin, which was the aim of this study. Sixteen healthy individuals (L-DOMS) were enrolled for the present study and matched to participants from a previous study (n = 16, L-PAIN) who had undergone selective electrical stimulation of the thoracolumbar fascia and the multifidus muscle. DOMS was induced in the lower back of the L-DOMS group using eccentric trunk extensions performed until exhaustion. On subsequent days, pain on palpation (100-mm analogue scale), pressure pain threshold (PPT), and the Pain Sensation Scale (SES) were used to examine the sensory characteristics of DOMS. Pain on palpation showed a significant increase 24 and 48 h after eccentric training, whereas PPT was not affected (p > 0.05). Factor analysis of L-DOMS and L-PAIN sensory descriptors (SES) yielded a stable three-factor solution distinguishing superficial thermal ("heat pain ") from superficial mechanical pain ("sharp pain") and "deep pain." "Heat pain " and "deep pain" in L-DOMS were almost identical to sensory descriptors from electrical stimulation of fascial tissue (L-PAIN, all p > 0.679) but significantly different from muscle pain (all p < 0.029). The differences in sensory description patterns as well as in PPT and self-reported DOMS for palpation pain scores suggest that DOMS has a fascial rather than a muscular origin.
Assuntos
Músculo Esquelético , Mialgia , Humanos , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Limiar da Dor/fisiologia , Fáscia , Medição da DorRESUMO
AIM: Previous stretching studies mostly investigated effects on the skeletal muscle but comprehensive explorations regarding the role of the connective tissue are scarce. Since the deep fascia has been demonstrated to be sensitive to mechanical tension, it was hypothesized that the fascia would also respond to stretching, contributing to enhanced range of motion (ROM). METHODS: Forty (40) recreationally active participants (male: n = 25, female: n = 15) were included in the randomized controlled cross-over trial and allocated to different groups performing 5 min static (STAT) or dynamic (DYN) plantar flexor stretching or control condition (CC) in a random order. Pre- and immediately post-intervention, muscle and fascia stiffness, as well as muscle and fascia thickness were measured using high-resolution ultrasound and strain elastography. ROM was assessed in the ankle joint via the knee to wall test (KtW) and goniometer. RESULTS: STAT reduced both, muscle and fascia stiffness (d = 0.78 and 0.42, p < 0.001, respectively), while DYN did not reduce stiffness compared to the control condition (p = 0.11-0.41). While both conditions showed significant increases in the KtW (d = 0.43-0.46, p = 0.02-0.04), no significant differences to the CC were observed for the isolated ROM testing (p = 0.09 and 0.77). There was a small correlation between fascia stiffness decreases and ROM increases (r = - 0.25, p = 0.006) but no association was found between muscle stiffness decreases and ROM increases (p = 0.13-0.40). CONCLUSION: Our study is the first to reveal stretch-induced changes in fascia stiffness. Changes of fascia`s but not muscle`s mechanical properties may contribute to increased ROM following stretching.
Assuntos
Estudos Cross-Over , Fáscia , Exercícios de Alongamento Muscular , Músculo Esquelético , Amplitude de Movimento Articular , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Fáscia/fisiologia , Fáscia/diagnóstico por imagem , Exercícios de Alongamento Muscular/fisiologia , Amplitude de Movimento Articular/fisiologia , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Músculo Esquelético/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Articulação do Tornozelo/fisiologia , Articulação do Tornozelo/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto Jovem , Técnicas de Imagem por Elasticidade/métodosRESUMO
Recent studies have shown that the extramuscular connective tissue (ECT) is thickened and stiffened in delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). However, contrarily to the normal population, severe DOMS is rare in athletes or highly trained individuals. The present randomized, controlled trial therefore aimed to investigate pain as well as microcirculation and stiffness of the ECT and the erector spinae muscle following submaximal eccentric trunk extension exercise not causing DOMS. The effect of manual treatment by a therapist (myofascial release; MFR) on these parameters was to be studied. Trained healthy participants (n = 21; 31.3 ± 9.6 years; > 4 h exercise per week) performed submaximal eccentric exercise of the trunk extensors. One group was manually treated (n = 11), while the other group (n = 10) received placebo treatment with sham laser therapy. Stiffness of the ECT and the erector spinae muscle (shear wave elastography), microcirculation (white light and laser Doppler spectroscopy), palpation pain (100 mm visual analogue scale, VAS) and pressure pain threshold (indentometry, PPT) were assessed before (t0), 24 h (t24) and 48 h (t48) after conditions. Erector spinae muscle stiffness increased after eccentric exercise from t0 to t24 (0.875 m/s) and from t0 to t48 (0.869 m/s). After MFR, erector spinae muscle stiffness decreased in contrast to placebo treatment at t24 (-0.66 m/s), while ECT stiffness remained unchanged. Oxygen saturation increased (17-20.93%) and relative haemoglobin decreased (-9.1 - -12.76 AU) after eccentric exercise and MFR differed from placebo treatment at t48 (-3.71 AU). PPT differed after MFR from placebo treatment at t48 (20.69 N/mm), while VAS remained unchanged. Multiple linear regression showed that ECT stiffness and group membership predicted erector spinae muscle stiffness. MFR could have a positive effect on pain, microcirculation and muscle stiffness after submaximal eccentric exercise, suggesting better recovery, which needs to be confirmed by future work.
Assuntos
Exercício Físico , Microcirculação , Mialgia , Humanos , Microcirculação/fisiologia , Adulto , Masculino , Feminino , Mialgia/terapia , Mialgia/fisiopatologia , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Manipulações Musculoesqueléticas/métodos , Região Lombossacral/irrigação sanguínea , Região Lombossacral/fisiologia , Adulto Jovem , Músculo Esquelético/irrigação sanguínea , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Limiar da Dor/fisiologia , Tronco/fisiologia , Medição da Dor , Músculos Paraespinais/fisiologia , Músculos Paraespinais/diagnóstico por imagem , Músculos Paraespinais/irrigação sanguíneaRESUMO
ABSTRACT: Nakamura, M, Konrad, A, Kasahara, K, Yoshida, R, Murakami, Y, Sato, S, Aizawa, K, Koizumi, R, and Wilke, J. The combined effect of static stretching and foam rolling with or without vibration on the range of motion, muscle performance, and tissue hardness of the knee extensor. J Strength Cond Res 37(2): 322-327, 2023-Although the combination of static stretching (SS) and foam rolling (FR) is frequently used for warm-up in sports, the effect of the intervention order is unclear. This study compared mechanical tissue properties, pain sensitivity, and motor function after SS and FR (with and without vibration) performed in different orders. Our randomized, controlled, crossover experiment included 15 healthy male subjects (22.5 ± 3.3 years) who visited the laboratory 5 times (inactive control condition, FR + SS, FR vibration + SS, SS + FR, and SS + FR vibration ) with an interval of ≥48 hours. In each session, subjects completed three 60-second bouts of FR and SS, targeting the anterior thigh. Pressure pain threshold, tissue hardness, knee flexion range of motion (ROM), maximal voluntary isometric (MVC-ISO), and concentric (MVC-CON) torque, as well as countermovement jump height, were determined before and after the intervention. All interventions significantly ( p < 0.01) increased knee flexion ROM ( d = 0.78, d = 0.87, d = 1.39, and d = 0.87, respectively) while decreasing tissue hardness ( d = -1.25, d = -1.09, d = -1.18, and d = -1.24, respectively). However, MVC-ISO torque was significantly reduced only after FR + SS ( p = 0.05, d = -0.59). Our results suggest that SS should be followed by FR when aiming to increase ROM and reduce tissue hardness without concomitant stretch-induced force deficits (MVC-ISO, MVC-CON, and countermovement jump height). Additionally, adding vibration to FR does not seem to affect the magnitude of changes observed in the examined outcomes.
Assuntos
Exercícios de Alongamento Muscular , Músculo Esquelético , Humanos , Masculino , Dureza , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Amplitude de Movimento Articular/fisiologia , Vibração , Estudos Cross-Over , Adulto Jovem , AdultoRESUMO
Recently, it has been shown that the extramuscular connective tissue (ECT) is likely involved in delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of maximal trunk extension eccentric exercise (EE) on ECT thickness, self-reported DOMS, ECT stiffness, skin temperature, and possible correlations between these outcomes. Healthy adults (n = 16, 29.34 ± 9.87 years) performed fatiguing EE of the trunk. A group of highly active individuals (TR, n = 8, > 14 h of sport per week) was compared with a group of less active individuals (UTR, n = 8, < 2 h of sport per week). Ultrasound measurements of ECT thickness, stiffness with MyotonPro and IndentoPro, skin temperature with infrared thermography, and pain on palpation (100 mm visual analog scale, VAS) as a surrogate for DOMS were recorded before (t0), immediately (t1), 24 h (t24), and 48 h (t48) after EE. ECT thickness increased after EE from t0 to t24 (5.96 mm to 7.10 mm, p = 0.007) and from t0 to t48 (5.96 mm to 7.21 mm, p < 0.001). VAS also increased from t0 to t24 (15.6 mm to 23.8 mm, p < 0.001) and from t0 to t48 (15.6 mm to 22.8 mm, p < 0.001). Skin temperature increased from t1 to t24 (31.6° Celsius to 32.7° Celsius, p = 0.032) and t1 to t48 (31.6° Celsius to 32.9° Celsius, p = 0.003), while stiffness remained unchanged (p > 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed no linear relationship between the outcomes within the 48-hour measurement period. The results may confirm previous findings of possible ECT involvement in the genesis of DOMS in the extremities also for the paraspinal ECT of trunk extensors. Subsequent work should focus on possible interventions targeting the ECT to prevent or reduce DOMS after strenuous muscle EE.
Assuntos
Exercício Físico , Esportes , Adulto , Humanos , Ultrassonografia , Mialgia/prevenção & controle , FadigaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Public life restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic caused reductions in physical activity (PA) and decreases in mental and somatic health. Considering the interplay between these factors, we investigated the effects of digital home exercise (DHE) during government-enforced lockdowns. METHODS: A multicentre randomised controlled trial was performed allocating healthy individuals from nine countries (N=763; 523 female) to a DHE or an inactive control group. During the 4-week main intervention, DHE members engaged in live-streamed multicomponent home exercise. Subsequently, both groups had access to prerecorded workouts for an additional 4 weeks. Outcomes, assessed weekly, included PA level (Nordic Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7), mental well-being (WHO-5 Questionnaire), sleep quality (Medical Outcome Study Sleep Scale), pain/disability (Chronic Pain Grade Scale) and exercise motivation (Self-Concordance Scale). Mixed models were used for analysis. RESULTS: Live-streamed DHE consistently increased moderate PA (eg, week 1: 1.65 times more minutes per week, 95% CI 1.40 to 1.94) and vigorous PA (eg, week 1: 1.31 times more minutes per week, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.61), although the effects decreased over time. In addition, exercise motivation, sleep quality and anxiety were slightly improved for DHE in the 4-week live streaming period. The same applied to mental well-being (mean difference at week 4: +0.99, 95% CI 0.13 to 1.86), but an inverted trend was observed after live streaming was substituted by prerecorded exercise. CONCLUSIONS: Live-streamed DHE represents an efficacious method to enhance PA and selected markers of health during pandemic-related public life restrictions. However, research on implementation is warranted to reduce dropout rates. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: DRKS00021273.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , Exercício Físico , Feminino , Humanos , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Comportamento SedentárioRESUMO
The deep fascia is intimately linked to skeletal muscle and may be involved in delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). The present study therefore explored the effect of eccentric exercise on fascia stiffness and its relation with DOMS. Healthy active male adults (n = 19, 27 ± 4 years) performed 6 x 10 maximal eccentric knee flexions using an isokinetic dynamometer. Before (baseline) as well as immediately (T0), 1 hour (T1), and each day up to 72 hours (T24 to T72) afterwards, shear wave elastography was used to measure the mechanical stiffness of the biceps femoris muscle and the overlying fascia. As a surrogate of DOMS, pain upon palpation was captured by means of a 100mm visual analogue scale. While muscle stiffness remained unchanged (p > 0.05), deep fascia stiffness increased from baseline to T24 (median: 18 kPa to 21.12 kPa, p = 0.017) and T72 (median: 18 kPa to 21.3 kPa, p = 0.001) post-exercise. Linear regression showed an association of stiffness changes at T24 and pressure pain at T72 (r2 = 0.22, p < 0.05). Maximal eccentric exercise leads to a stiffening of the fascia, which, in turn, is related to the magnitude of future DOMS. Upcoming research should therefore gauge the effectiveness of interventions modifying the mechanical properties of the connective tissue in order to accelerate recovery.
Assuntos
Técnicas de Imagem por Elasticidade , Adulto , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Fáscia/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Masculino , Mialgia , Projetos PilotoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of pre-planned and unplanned movement tasks on knee biomechanics in uninjured individuals. DESIGN: Systematic review with meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: Five databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect and Web of Science) were searched from inception to November 2020. Cross-sectional, (randomised) controlled/non-controlled trials comparing knee angles/moments of pre-planned and unplanned single-leg landings/cuttings were included. Quality of evidence was assessed using the tool of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation working group. METHODS: A multilevel meta-analysis with a robust random-effects meta-regression model was used to pool the standardised mean differences (SMD) of knee mechanics between pre-planned and unplanned tasks. The influence of possible effect modifiers (eg, competitive performance level) was examined in a moderator analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-five trials (485 participants) with good methodological quality (Downs and Black) were identified. Quality of evidence was downgraded due to potential risk of bias (eg, confounding). Moderate-quality evidence indicates that unplanned tasks evoked significantly higher external knee abduction (SMD: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.51, 14 studies) and tibial internal rotation moments (SMD: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.23 to 0.79, 11 studies). No significant between-condition differences were detected for sagittal plane mechanics (p>0.05). According to the moderator analysis, increased abduction moments particularly occurred in non-professional athletes (SMD: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.95, 5 studies). CONCLUSION: Unplanned movement entails higher knee abduction and tibial internal rotation moments, which could predispose for knee injury. Exercise professionals designing injury-prevention protocols, especially for non-elite athletes, should consider the implementation of assessments and exercises requiring time-constrained decision-making. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42019140331.
Assuntos
Lesões do Ligamento Cruzado Anterior , Esportes , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Joelho , Articulação do Joelho , MovimentoRESUMO
This study investigates methods of data gathering and management, along with the relationship of lifespan and older adults' activity. Community-dwelling older adults (n = 47, 81.7 ± 3.6 years) completed the Lifetime Leisure Physical Activity Questionnaire. Current activity was assessed by use of accelerometers. The data were converted to the metabolic equivalent of task hours. Correlations between the main outcomes (metabolic equivalent of task/hour, Lifetime Leisure Physical Activity Questionnaire), as well as individual estimation errors for data adjustments, were computed. The accelerometer and Lifetime Leisure Physical Activity Questionnaire data for the last 12 months' activity were associated (r = .31, p = .033). The average overestimation in the self-reported data was 176%. The adapted data on lifetime physical activity reveals correlations between older adults' activity and the activity levels of three 15-year episodes (r = .354; r = .336; r = .323; each p < .05), as well as compliance with guidelines throughout life (Hotelling's T2 = 45-164; p ≤ .002). Our findings indicate a relationship between lifetime and older adults' activity and provide further support for lifelong engagement in physical activity.
Assuntos
Exercício Físico , Atividades de Lazer , Idoso , Humanos , Atividade Motora , Autorrelato , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Strenuous and unaccustomed exercise frequently lead to what has been coined "delayed onset muscle soreness" (DOMS). As implied by this term, it has been proposed that the associated pain and stiffness stem from micro-lesions, inflammation, or metabolite accumulation within the skeletal muscle. However, recent research points towards a strong involvement of the connective tissue. First, according to anatomical studies, the deep fascia displays an intimate structural relationship with the underlying skeletal muscle and may therefore be damaged during excessive loading. Second, histological and experimental studies suggest a rich supply of algogenic nociceptors whose stimulation evokes stronger pain responses than muscle irritation. Taken together, the findings support the hypothesis that DOMS originates in the muscle-associated connective tissue rather than in the muscle itself. Sports and fitness professionals designing exercise programs should hence consider fascia-oriented methods and techniques (e.g., foam rolling, collagen supplementation) when aiming to treat or prevent DOMS.
Assuntos
Tecido Conjuntivo/fisiologia , Fáscia/fisiologia , Mialgia/fisiopatologia , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Humanos , Contração Muscular/fisiologia , Músculo Esquelético/fisiopatologia , Músculos/fisiopatologia , Mialgia/metabolismo , Dor/metabolismo , Dor/fisiopatologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Failed jump landings represent a key mechanism of musculoskeletal trauma. It has been speculated that cognitive dual-task loading during the flight phase may moderate the injury risk. This study aimed to explore whether increased visual distraction can compromise landing biomechanics. Twenty-one healthy, physically active participants (15 females, 25.8 ± 0.4 years) completed a series of 30 counter-movement jumps (CMJ) onto a capacitive pressure platform. In addition to safely landing on one leg, they were required to memorize either one, two or three jersey numbers shown during the flight phase (randomly selected and equally balanced over all jumps). Outcomes included the number of recall errors as well as landing errors and three variables of landing kinetics (time to stabilization/TTS, peak ground reaction force/pGRF, length of the centre of pressure trace/COPT). Differences between the conditions were calculated using the Friedman test and the post hoc Bonferroni-Holm corrected Wilcoxon test. Regardless of the condition, landing errors remained unchanged (p = .46). In contrast, increased visual distraction resulted in a higher number of recall errors (chi2 = 13.3, p = .001). Higher cognitive loading, furthermore, appeared to negatively impact mediolateral COPT (p < .05). Time to stabilization (p = .84) and pGRF (p = .78) were unaffected. A simple visual distraction in a controlled experimental setting is sufficient to adversely affect landing stability and task-related short-term memory during CMJ. The ability to precisely perceive the environment during movement under time constraints may, hence, represent a new injury risk factor and should be investigated in a prospective trial.
RESUMO
Despite its beneficial effects on flexibility and muscle soreness, there is still conflicting evidence regarding dose-response relationships and underlying mechanisms of foam rolling (FR). This study aimed to investigate the impact of different FR protocols on tissue perfusion and tissue stiffness. In a randomized crossover trial, two FR protocols (2x1 min, 2x3 min) were applied to the right anterior thigh of twenty healthy volunteers (11 females, 25 ± 4 years). Tissue perfusion (near infrared spectroscopy, NIRS) and stiffness (Tensiomyography, TMG and Myotonometry, MMT) were assessed before and after FR application. Variance analyses revealed a significant interaction of FR duration and tissue perfusion (F[1,19] = 7.098, p = 0.015). Local blood flow increased significantly from pre to post test (F[1,19] = 7.589, p = 0.013), being higher (Δ +9.7%) in the long-FR condition than in the short-FR condition (Δ +2.8%). Tissue stiffness (MMT) showed significant main effects for time (F[1,19] = 12.074, p = 0.003) and condition (F[1,19] = 7.165, p = 0.015) with decreases after short-FR (Δ -1.6%) and long-FR condition (Δ -1.9%). However, there was no time*dose-interaction (F[1,19] = 0.018, p = 0.895). No differences were found for TMG (p > 0.05). FR-induced changes failed to exceed the minimal detectable change threshold (MDC). Our data suggest that increased blood flow and altered tissue stiffness may mediate the effects of FR although statistical MDC thresholds were not achieved. Longer FR durations seem to be more beneficial for perfusion which is of interest for exercise professionals designing warm-up and cool-down regimes. Further research is needed to understand probable effects on parasympathetic outcomes representing systemic physiological responses to locally applied FR stimulations.
Assuntos
Exercício de Aquecimento , Estudos Cross-Over , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Perfusão , Amplitude de Movimento Articular/fisiologia , Coxa da Perna/fisiologiaRESUMO
Self-massage using foam rollers, sticks, or balls has become a popular technique to enhance joint range of motion (ROM). Although increases are reported to be larger in females than males, the mechanisms of this observation are unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of roller massage (RM) on ROM, passive tissue stiffness, and neurophysiological markers as a function of sex. Males (n = 15, 22.8 ± 2.9 yrs.) and females (n = 14, 21.1 ± 0.7 yrs.) performed three 60-second bouts of calf RM. Outcomes assessed pre-, and post-intervention included passive dorsiflexion (DF) ROM, passive tissue stiffness, passive torque, DF angle at the first stretch sensation, shear elastic modulus, and spinal excitability. DF ROM (+35.9 %), passive torque at DF ROM (+46.4 %), DF angle at first stretch sensation (+32.9 %), and pain pressure threshold (+25.2 %) increased in both groups (p<.05) with no differences between males and females (p > 0.05). No changes were observed for passive stiffness, shear elastic modulus, and spinal excitability (p > 0.05). Roller massage may increase ROM independently of sex, which, in the present study, could not be ascribed to alterations in passive stiffness or neurophysiological markers. Future studies may further elucidate the role of sensory alterations as possible factors driving RM-induced changes in flexibility.
Assuntos
Músculo Esquelético , Caracteres Sexuais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Massagem , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Amplitude de Movimento Articular/fisiologia , TorqueRESUMO
The deep fascia enveloping the skeletal muscle has been shown to contribute to the mechanics of the locomotor system. However, less is known about the role of the superficial fascia (SF). This study aimed to describe the potential interaction between the Hamstring muscles and the SF. Local movement of the dorsal thigh's soft tissue was imposed making use of myofascial force transmission effects across the knee joint: In eleven healthy individuals (26.8 ± 4.3 years, six males), an isokinetic dynamometer moved the ankle into maximal passive dorsal extension (knee extended). Due to the morphological continuity between the gastrocnemius and the Hamstrings, stretching the calf led to soft tissue displacements in the dorsal thigh. Ultrasound recordings were made to dynamically visualize (a) the semimembranosus muscle and (b) the superficial fascia. Differences in and associations between horizontal movement amplitudes of the two structures, quantified via cross-correlation analyses, were calculated by means of the Mann-Whitney U test and Kendal's tau test, respectively. Mean horizontal movement was significantly higher in the muscle (5.70 mm) than in the SF (0.72 mm, p < 0.001, r = 0.82). However, a strong correlation between the tissue displacements in both locations was detected (p < 0.001, r = 0.91). A Direct mechanical relationship may exist between the SF and the skeletal muscle. Deep pathologies or altered muscle stiffness could thus have long-term consequences for rather superficial structures and vice versa.
Assuntos
Músculos Isquiossurais/diagnóstico por imagem , Movimento/fisiologia , Contração Muscular/fisiologia , Tela Subcutânea/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Feminino , Músculos Isquiossurais/fisiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Amplitude de Movimento Articular/fisiologia , Tela Subcutânea/fisiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The lifetime leisure physical activity questionnaire (LLPAQ) is a derivative of the historical leisure activity questionnaire (HLAQ) of Kriska et al. (1988) for capture of the complete activity biography. The present study investigated the reliability and the validity of the LLPAQ of Engeroff and Vogt (2018). METHODS: A total of 47 seniors (75-90 years old) participated in an objective measurement of activity and completed the LLPAQ. For validation of the questionnaire accelerometer-based data were compared with the subjective report in the LLPAQ on physical activity from the last year of life using a correlation analysis. Data from a second LLPAQ filled out by 14 participants (after 6 weeks) were used for reliability analysis (difference and correlation). RESULTS: Subjectively captured data on the physical activity of the last year correlated with the objectively measured activity data (râ¯= 0.311, pâ¯= 0.033). Although self-reporting overestimated the amount by almost 176%, test-retest data on MET-hours per episode showed a correlation (râ¯= 0.824; pâ¯< 0.001). Check for internal consistency of individual episodes across the lifespan yielded a Cronbach's alpha of 0.8 (pâ¯< 0.001). DISCUSSION: The LLPAQ showed good reliability values in the retest at 6 weeks, particularly considering the problem of manifold errors of subjective activity measurement in participants at old age. Regarding the discrepancy between the time periods of objective (1 week) and subjective (1 year) surveys, the proven medium effect strength indicates the high validity of the questionnaire.
Assuntos
Exercício Físico , Vida Independente , Atividades de Lazer , Psicometria/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e Questionários/normas , Acelerometria , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
The role of cognitive training in sports has experienced a recent surge in popularity. However, there is a paucity of longitudinal trials examining the effectiveness of related methods. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a cognitive training with minimal motor components on lower limb choice-reaction performance. A total of 44 healthy individuals (26.4 ± 3.7 years, 27 males) were randomly allocated to a cognitive training (CT) or an inactive control group (CON). The CT group participants, three times per week, engaged in a computerized exercise program targeting skills such as attention, reaction time, processing speed or inhibition control. Before and after the 6-week intervention period, lower limb choice-reaction time was assessed using the Quick Feet Board device. An ANCOVA of the post-intervention values, controlling for baseline data, demonstrated superior unilateral choice-reaction performance (stance on dominant leg) in the CT group (p = 0.04, r = 0.31). Conversely, no difference was found for the bilateral component of the test (p > .05). Off-court cognitive training may represent a suitable method to enhance reactive motor skills in athletes.
Assuntos
Desempenho Atlético/psicologia , Cognição , Instrução por Computador , Extremidade Inferior/fisiologia , Tempo de Reação/fisiologia , Transferência de Experiência , Adulto , Comportamento de Escolha/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The morphology of the connective tissue may play an important role in locomotor mechanics. Recent research has revealed an association between increased fascia thickness and reduced joint flexibility in patients with chronic pain. The present study aimed to examine the relationship of both factors in healthy individuals, additionally testing the hypothesis that older subjects display a higher fascia thickness. Young (nâ =â 18, 22â ±â 1â years) and old (nâ =â 17, 69â ±â 4â years) healthy females were recruited for a quasi-experimental, cross-sectional trial. All participants underwent standardized ultrasound-based thickness measurements of the deep fasciae of the trunk and lower limb. Flexibility was assessed using sit and reach testing (hamstring extensibility) and the Schober test (lumbar flexion and extension). Systematic between-group differences of fascia thickness and variable associations (i.e. fascia thickness and flexibility) were detected using non-parametric data analyses. Young adults exhibited higher fascia thickness of the anterior and posterior lower leg, anterior thigh and abdominal wall (+12.3-25.8%, Pâ <â 0.05). Conversely, older participants showed higher thickness in the lumbar spine (+40.0-76.7%, Pâ <â 0.05). Correlations of both body mass and fascia thickness (τâ =â 0.45-0.75, Pâ <â 0.05), as well as flexibility and fascia thickness (τâ =â 0.38-0.42, Pâ <â 0.05) were found. Age-related changes in fascia thickness may be a contributing factor of restrictions in joint range of motion. Further study delineating the cause-effect triangle of body mass index, flexibility and fascia thickness is necessary.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Fáscia/diagnóstico por imagem , Fáscia/fisiologia , Amplitude de Movimento Articular/fisiologia , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Tamanho do Órgão/fisiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Overuse injuries are suggested to result from repetitive microdamage eliciting pain in the affected tissue. Therapy commonly focuses on the area of symptom localization; however, such approach may oversimplify the true etiopathology. This review hypothesizes that the development of some sports-related soft tissue disorders, such as plantar fasciitis or lumbago, is promoted by pathologically altered force transmission from anatomically connected structures.
Assuntos
Traumatismos em Atletas/fisiopatologia , Transtornos Traumáticos Cumulativos/fisiopatologia , Fáscia/fisiopatologia , Músculo Esquelético/fisiopatologia , Traumatismos em Atletas/patologia , Transtornos Traumáticos Cumulativos/patologia , Fáscia/patologia , Humanos , Músculo Esquelético/patologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: A small share of the world's population meets current physical activity guidelines, which recommend regular engagement in endurance, strength, and neuromotor exercise. As lack of time represents a major cause of inactivity, multidimensional training methods with short durations may provide a promising alternative to classical, volume-oriented approaches focusing on one biomotor ability. This trial examined the effects of a high-intensity functional circuit training (HIFCT) on motor performance and exercise motivation in untrained adults. METHODS: Thirty-three inactive participants were randomly allocated to two groups exercising for six weeks. The intervention group (HIFCT, n = 20) 3×/week performed functional whole-body exercises in a circuit. Each 15-minute workout included repetitive 20s all-out bouts with 10s breaks. In the comparison group (moderate aerobic exercise, MAE, n = 13), the participants walked 3×/week for 50 minutes at moderate intensity. Measured motor outcomes were cycling endurance capacity (respiratory threshold, maximum workload), maximum strength (leg and chest press), postural control (force plate), and jump capacity (counter-movement jump, single leg hop for distance); exercise motivation was assessed using the self-concordance index. RESULTS: In comparison with MAE, HIFCT enhanced maximum leg strength (between-group difference of relative pre- to post-changes of 5.0%), shoulder strength (7.6%), and endurance workload (5.0%; P < 0.05), while increasing motivation to exercise (+5.5 points, P < 0.05). No between-group differences occurred for postural control and jump capacity (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Despite considerably shorter training duration, HIFCT enhances motor function and motivation to exercise more effectively than MAE. Further research should investigate the long-term adherence to the program and its effectiveness in other settings.
Assuntos
Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória , Exercícios em Circuitos , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Exercício Físico/psicologia , Motivação , Adulto , Teste de Esforço , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Força Muscular , Consumo de Oxigênio , Resistência Física , Equilíbrio Postural , Caminhada , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Individuals afflicted with nonspecific chronic low back pain (CLBP) exhibit altered fundamental movement patterns. However, there is a lack of validated analysis tools. The present study aimed to elucidate the measurement properties of a functional movement analysis (FMA) in patients with CLBP. METHODS: In this validation (cross-sectional) study, patients with CLPB completed the FMA. The FMA consists of 11 standardised motor tasks mimicking activities of daily living. Four investigators (two experts and two novices) evaluated each item using an ordinal scale (0-5 points, one live and three video ratings). Interrater reliability was computed for the total score (maximum 55 points) using intra class correlation and for the individual items using Cohen's weighted Kappa and free-marginal Kappa. Validity was estimated by calculating Spearman's Rho correlations to compare the results of the movement analysis and the participants' self-reported disability, and fear of movement. RESULTS: Twenty-one participants (12 females, 9 males; 42.7 ± 14.3 years) were included. The reliability analysis for the sum score yielded ICC values between .92 and.94 (p < .05). The classification of individual scores are categorised 'slight' to 'almost perfect' agreement (.10-.91). No significant associations between disability or fear of movement with the overall score were found (p > .05). The study population showed comparably low pain levels, low scores of kinesiophobia and disability. CONCLUSION: The functional movement analysis displays excellent reliability for both, live and video rating. Due to the low levels of disability and pain in the present sample, further research is necessary to conclusively judge validity.