RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the performance of the ResistancePlus GC (beta) assay for the simultaneous detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and gyrA S91 markers of resistance (S91F) and susceptibility (WT) to ciprofloxacin, from both clinical specimens and isolates. METHODS: Performance was assessed on several sample banks, including N. gonorrhoeae isolates (n = 822), non-gonococcal isolates (n = 110), N. gonorrhoeae-positive clinical specimens (n = 402) and N. gonorrhoeae-negative specimens (n = 290). Results were compared with previous testing data, including S91 genotyping and phenotypic resistance profiles. RESULTS: Overall, the assay demonstrated 100% sensitivity for N. gonorrhoeae detection in clinical isolates. For gyrA S91 mutation detection in clinical isolates, the assay showed 100% sensitivity/specificity compared with the genotype, and >99%/>97% sensitivity/specificity when compared with phenotype. For positive clinical specimens, the assay demonstrated >96% sensitivity for N. gonorrhoeae detection and 100% sensitivity/specificity for gyrA S91 mutation detection. The assay demonstrated >99% specificity for N. gonorrhoeae detection against non-gonococcal isolates and 100% specificity for negative clinical specimens. CONCLUSIONS: The ResistancePlus GC (beta) assay is suitable for the detection of N. gonorrhoeae and gyrA markers associated with resistance/susceptibility to ciprofloxacin directly in clinical samples. This assay could be implemented for the individualized treatment of gonorrhoea infections as well as to enhance current antimicrobial resistance surveillance methods.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Ciprofloxacina/farmacologia , DNA Girase/genética , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Técnicas de Genotipagem , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/métodos , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Genótipo , Gonorreia/diagnóstico , Gonorreia/microbiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/genética , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPOs) have emerged as antibiotic-resistant bacteria of global concern. Here we assessed the performance of the Carba (beta) assay, a multiplex real-time PCR assay developed by SpeeDx for the detection of key carbapenemase-encoding genes: KPC, NDM, OXA-48-like, IMP-4-like, and VIM. METHODS: DNA extracts of 180 isolates were tested with the Carba (beta) assay, using previously validated in-house TaqMan probe assays for the relevant carbapenemase genes as the reference standard. The Carba (beta) assay was then directly used to screen 460 DNA extracts of faecal specimens, with positive results subjected to the aforementioned in-house assays plus Sanger sequencing. RESULTS: The Carba (beta) assay correctly identified the presence of the respective carbapenemase genes in 154 of 156 isolates and provided negative results for all 24 non-CPO isolates. Two isolates provided positive results for OXA-48-like carbapenemase by the Carba (beta) assay only. The Carba (beta) assay had sensitivities of 100% for all targets, and specificities of 100% for KPC, NDM, IMP-4-like, and VIM targets, and 98.5% for OXA-48-like targets. When applied directly to faecal specimens, eight samples were positive by the Carba (beta) assay, two of which were confirmed by in-house TaqMan probe PCR or DNA sequencing. CONCLUSIONS: The Carba (beta) assay is highly sensitive and specific for detecting key carbapenemase genes in isolates. Further testing is required to assess this assay's suitability for direct screening of clinical specimens.
Assuntos
Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Multiplex/métodos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/métodos , beta-Lactamases/genética , Antibacterianos , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas Bacteriológicas/métodos , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/genética , Fezes/microbiologia , Humanos , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
The use of a triphenylarsonium vector for tumour cell-targeting leads to a dramatic increase in Gd3+ uptake in human glioblastoma multiforme cells by up to an order of magnitude over the isosteric triarylphosphonium analogue, with significant implications for 'theranostic' applications involving delivery of this important lanthanoid metal ion to tumour cells.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/química , Arsenicais/química , Quelantes/química , Gadolínio/química , Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Arsenicais/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Quelantes/metabolismo , Quelantes/toxicidade , Gadolínio/metabolismo , Humanos , Medicina de Precisão/métodosRESUMO
The synthesis of a series of bifunctional Gd(III) complexes 1-3 covalently bound to arylphosphonium cations possessing a varying degree of delocalisation at the phosphonium centre is presented. The influence of the degree of delocalisation was investigated with regards to in vitro cytotoxicity, cellular uptake of Gd, tumor-cell selectivity and intracellular localisation of Gd within human glioblastoma (T98G) and human glial (SVG p12) cells. Cellular uptake and selectivity studies for the Gd(III) complexes indicate that a reduced delocalisation at the phosphonium centre can lead to an enhanced Gd uptake into SVG p12 cells which results in a decrease in the overall tumor cell selectivity. Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (microbeam XRF) imaging has demonstrated for the first time that uniform uptake of Gd(III) complex 2 within a population of T98G cells increased as a function of increasing Gd incubation times. The Gd maps show dispersed spots of high intensity which are consistent with mitochondrial uptake.