NOS2 Polymorphism in Aspect of Left and Right-Sided Colorectal Cancer.

Background: The NOS2 gene polymorphism rs2297518 is associated with an increased level of NO, which could contribute to colorectal cancer (CRC) development. We hypothesized that the potential influence of the NOS2 gene polymorphism on cancer development may vary between right-sided and left-sided colon cancers, and rectal cancers. The aim of this study was to determine the rs2297518 polymorphism influence on colorectal cancer development with regard to tumor localization. Methods: This case-control study included 199 patients with CRC and 120 controls. The qPCR endpoint genotyping was conducted using the TaqMan® genotyping assay. Results: This study revealed significant differences in tumor characteristic and in the minor alelle A frequency in the NOS2 genotype between colorectal cancers with different localizations. The mucinous adenocarcinoma was diagnosed significantly more often in right-sided cancers than in left-sided (30.6% vs. 10.9%, p = 0.009) and rectal cancers (30.6% vs. 7.1%, p = 0.0003). The minor allele A of the NOS2 genotype was observed more frequently in right-sided cancers than in left-sided cancers (44.9% vs. 23.1%, p = 0.0137) and more frequently in rectal cancers than in left-sided cancers (40.0% vs. 23.1%, p = 0.0285). Conclusions: In conclusion, the results support the hypothesis that the SNP rs2297518 of the NOS2 gene influences colorectal cancer development with regard to tumor localization.

Association between Glutathione S-Transferases Gene Variants and COVID-19 Severity in Previously Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Polish Patients with Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

As the outcome of COVID-19 is associated with oxidative stress, it is highly probable that polymorphisms of genes related to oxidative stress were associated with susceptibility and severity of COVID-19. The aim of the study was to assess the association of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) gene polymorphisms with COVID-19 severity in previously vaccinated and unvaccinated Polish patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. A total of 92 not vaccinated and 84 vaccinated patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 were included. The WHO COVID-19 Clinical Progression Scale was used to assess COVID-19 severity. GSTs genetic polymorphisms were assessed by appropriate PCR methods. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed, including logistic regression analysis. GSTP1 Ile/Val genotype was found to be associated with a higher risk of developing a severe form of the disease in the population of vaccinated patients with COVID-19 (OR: 2.75; p = 0.0398). No significant association was observed for any of the assessed GST genotypes with COVID-19 disease severity in unvaccinated patients with COVID-19. In this group of patients, BMI > 25 and serum glucose level > 99 mg% statistically significantly increased the odds towards more severe COVID-19. Our results may contribute to further understanding of risk factors of severe COVID-19 and selecting patients in need of strategies focusing on oxidative stress.

Glutathione S-Transferase P1 Genetic Variant's Influence on the HbA1c Level in Type Two Diabetic Patients.

GST (glutathione S-transferases) are capable of influencing glucose homeostasis, probably through regulation of the response to oxidant stress. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between GSTP1 gene polymorphism and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in type two diabetic (T2D) patients. A total of 307 T2D patients were included. Analysis of the GSTP1 gene polymorphism (rs1695) was conducted using the TaqMan qPCR method endpoint genotyping. HbA1c was determined using a COBAS 6000 autoanalyzer. A univariable linear regression and multivariable linear regression model were used to investigate the association between mean HbA1c level and GSTP1 gene polymorphism, age at T2D diagnosis, T2D duration, therapy with insulin, gender, BMI, smoking status. GSTP1 Val/Val genotype, age at T2D diagnosis, T2D duration and therapy with insulin were statistically significant contributors to HbA1c levels (p < 0.05). Multivariable regression analysis revealed that GSTP1 (Val/Val vs. Ile/Ile) was associated with higher HbA1c even after adjustment for variables that showed a statistically significant relationship with HbA1c in univariable analyses (p = 0.024). The results suggest that GSTP polymorphism may be one of the risk factors for higher HbA1c in T2D patients. Our study is limited by the relatively small sample size, cross-sectional design, and lack of inclusion of other oxidative stress-related genetic variants.

Glutathione S-transferases gene polymorphism influence on the age of diabetes type 2 onset.

INTRODUCTION: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a multifactorial disease affecting mostly adults older than 40 years. The aim of the study was to examine GST gene polymorphism influence on the risk of T2D, especially in young adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: 200 diabetic patients and 221 healthy controls participated in this study. Three GST gene polymorphism have been analyzed: GSTP1 (single-nucleotide polymorphism Ile105Val), homozygous deletion of GSTT1 (null/null) and GSTM1 (null/null), using TaqMan real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS: The distribution of examined polymorphisms was similar in patient group and control group. Statistically significant differences were demonstrated for the combination of GSTP1 Val/Val and GSTT1 null/null genotypes between patients diagnosed before 40 years of age and healthy people (12.5% vs 0.9%, p=0.016). Moreover, all three examined gene polymorphism together (GSTP1 Val/Val, GSTM1nul/null and GSTT1 null/null genotype) was observed in 12.5% of patients diagnosed before 40 years of age and in 0.5% of healthy individuals (p=0.013). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the results suggest that GST polymorphism may be one of the risk factors for developing T2D at a younger age than the T2D population average.