Development and Psychometric Testing of a Tool Measuring Nurses' Competence for Disaster Response.

INTRODUCTION: There is a growing awareness among governments, communities, and health care agencies of the need to evaluate roles and competencies in disaster nursing. A validated instrument was developed to evaluate nurses' competencies for disaster response. METHODS: A psychometric evaluation study was developed in 2 stages: 1) content and face validity, and 2) verification of feasibility and reliability with test-retest. Competencies were extracted from the Framework of Disaster Nursing Competencies published by the International Council of Nurses. The participants included 8 experts in emergencies and disasters who were nurses with a PhD and had more than 2 years of experience with education or clinical practice in emergencies or disasters, and 326 nurses from a mobile emergency care service in southern Brazil. The data analysis used a content validity index and intraclass correlation coefficients. The psychometric properties of the instrument included reliability assessed with Cronbach alpha, feasibility and test-retest reliability assessed with t tests and intraclass correlation coefficients, and factor analysis. RESULTS: The overall evaluation of the instrument yielded an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.92 (SD = 0.04), and the mean content validity index was acceptable at 0.88 (SD = 0.12). Out of 51 items, 41 were validated and organized in 3 domains according to factor analysis: 1) care of the community; 2) care of the individual and family; and 3) psychological support and care of vulnerable populations. The instrument demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.96) and adequate test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient >0.7). DISCUSSION: The Nurses' Disaster Response Competencies Assessment Questionnaire showed good internal consistency, adequate reproducibility, and appropriate feasibility for use to evaluate nurses' competencies for disaster response.

Tailoring curricula to fit health professionals needs in a disaster: a proposal for Brazilian nurses. / Adaptando o currículo para atender a necessidades de profissionais de saúde em um desastre: uma proposta para enfermeiras brasileiras.

Introduction Education and training are the cornerstones of disaster preparedness and best curricula and training programs are competency-based. Objective This paper presents a proposal to be applied in nursing curricula in Brazil, based on the National Curriculum Guidelines and the recommendations for integrating skills and competencies into undergraduate curricula proposed by the World Health Organization. Results Comparison of competencies sets was conducted to indicate the specific competencies to be included as essential for Brazilian nurses. Levels of proficiency were indicated for the establishment of learning objectives and learning experiences and evaluation tools recommended from the literature. Conclusions The competencies provided are the beginning of the discussion that will have to take place in every nursing school, if all Brazilian nurses are to graduate ready to participate should a disaster occur.

[Professional competencies in primary health care for attending to older adults]. / Competências profissionais para o atendimento de idosos em atenção primária à saúde.

OBJECTIVE: To identify and analyze the necessary competencies in primary health care for attending to older adults. METHOD: An exploratory, descriptive, and quali-quantitative study was developed. Three rounds of the Delphi Technique were conducted with participants from primary health care services and a multidisciplinary committee. The first questionnaire asked participants to indicate the competencies needed for attending to older adults in primary health care. They were compiled into a list and added to a Likert Scale (from 1 to 5) for the second and third questionnaires. A consensus criterion of 70% was adopted. RESULTS: Twenty eight competencies were reached by consensus and were classified into twelve domains. CONCLUSION: The competencies reflect Brazilian health care policy and constitute a reference for professional health practice and education when caring for the older adult in primary health care.

Competencies for preceptorship in the Brazilian health care system.

BACKGROUND: Preceptorship is an emerging component of the Brazilian health care system for human resources education. This study attempted to identify competencies for preceptorship in this system. METHODS: An exploratory descriptive study was conducted with the Delphi technique. The participants were primary health care professionals from the South of Brazil who were working in nine professional areas, including nursing. The participants had served as preceptors in an educational program promoted by the Ministries of Education and Health. RESULTS: Forty-three competencies were identified and classified into nine domains: education, professional values, basic public health sciences, management, health care, teamwork, communication, community orientation, and professional development. CONCLUSION: The findings showed that preceptors were committed to the education of future health care professionals. The development of pedagogical skills was emphasized, as was the necessity of education before preceptorship. These competencies constitute a useful reference for continuing professional education.

Environmental Factors in Nursing Workplaces that Promote Resilience during Pandemics: Scoping Review.

AIM: This scoping review explored the main environmental factors in the workplace that contribute to nursing resilience in respiratory infectious pandemic events. BACKGROUND: There is strong evidence in the literature about the influence of individual factors on nurses' resilience and a growing interest on the impact of the workplace environment on these factors. Therefore, a review that synthesizes environmental factors that support nurses' resilience in pandemic events is timely. METHOD: A scoping review of publications written in English, Spanish, and Portuguese of registered publications until December 2020 in MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, CINAHL, WoS, BVS, and APA identified 10,767 potential papers. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines were used during the literature review process. The Health Services Workplace Environmental Resilience Model (HSWERM) was used to guide exploration and synthesis. RESULTS: Thirty-two (32) publications met inclusion criteria. Most of the HSWERM workplace factors were mentioned in the literature. The main workplace environmental factors that were identified included communication, inter-professional collaboration, access to equipment, targeted training, and supporting well-being. CONCLUSIONS: Recognition of these key environmental factors in the workplace will help to implement more effective actions to promote resiliency prior to and during emergency situations. It will also enable managers to include, in any preparation planning, contingencies to protect these factors with the view of sustainable resilience of nursing staff throughout the emergency event.

The health burden of natural and technological disasters in Brazil from 2013 to 2021.

Disasters deeply impact the health of the affected population and the economy of a country. The health burden of disasters in Brazil is underestimated and more studies are needed to underpin policies and actions for disaster risk reduction. This study analyzes and describes disasters that occurred in Brazil from 2013 to 2021. The Integrated Disaster Information System (S2iD) was accessed to obtain demographic data, disaster data according to Brazilian Classification and Codification of Disasters (COBRADE), and health outcome data (number of dead, injured, sick, unsheltered, displaced, and missing individuals and other outcomes). Database preparation and analysis were performed in Tableau. In total, 98.62% (50,481) of the disasters registered in Brazil from 2013 to 2021 are natural, with a significant increase in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a biological disaster. This disaster group also caused the highest number of deaths (321,111), as well as injured (208,720) and sick (7,041,099) people. By analyzing data for each geographic region, we observed differences regarding disasters frequency and their health outcomes. In Brazil, climatological disasters are the most frequent (23,452 events) and occur mainly in the Northeast region. Geological disasters have the highest lethality, which are more common in the Southeast; however, the most common disasters in the South and Southeast are those of the meteorological and hydrological groups. Therefore, since the greatest health outcomes are associated with disasters predicted in time and space, public policies for the prevention and management of disasters can reduce the impacts of these events.

[The performance of family health nurses in home care]. / O fazer das enfermeiras da estratégia de saúde da família na atenção domiciliária.

This study aimed at identifying the performance of Family Health Strategy (FHS) nurses in home care. It consists of an exploratory descriptive study using a qualitative approach. Six FHS nurses from a health district of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were interviewed. Data were submitted to thematic content analysis, revealing three categories: home visit (HV) in the FHS, assessment of HV demands and interaction with the health team in home care. Home visits (HV) have allowed the identification of health needs through the recognition of the patients' life context. This approach has been used for chronic, bedridden and elderly patients care, based on information brought by community health agents. All nurses reported to perform HV, and stated they would like to have more time to dedicate to this activity.

[Essential public health functions in the nursing curriculum at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul]. / Funções essenciais de saúde pública no currículo de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.

The Pan American Health Organization referential of Essential Public Health Functions (EPHF) was developed to improve public health performance, which depends on professional education. A case study with the objective of identifying the insertion of EPHF in the curriculum of the nursing undergraduate course at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul was developed. Keywords were defined from the definitions of the eleven EPHF. These were searched for in the class plans of the curriculum courses. Ten EPHF were identified, with major occurrence of the human health resources development and training in public health. Contemplating more intensively some of the EPHF, the curriculum under study should propitiate the education of nurses capable of contributing towards their performance. It is necessary to insert the other EPHF into the curriculum, contributing to the excellent performance of public health by the professionals educated in this institution.

Telenursing in primary health care: report of experience in southern Brazil.

The Rio Grande do Sul Telematics and Telehealth kernel in Brazil, aims to enhance the quality of the Unified Health System (UHS) in support of primary health care (PHC) services, most of them engaged in the Family Health Program (FHP). Among the initiatives of the TeleHealth Rio Grande do Sul, there is consulting via e-mail and videoconference. They are requested and answered using specific forms available on TeleHealth's intranet. This study registers the experience on supporting and answering demands using clinical evidence, and presents professional characteristics and some results reached until now. Data related to professional characteristics were extracted from a questionnaire prepared by the program execution team, and applied during training sessions in 2007 and 2008. Consults sent by nurses, technicians and community health agents were analyzed considering its number and content. The analyzed sample of nurses showed that 89.1% were female, 40% younger than 30 years old and the majority graduated within the past 5 years. Most of them (97) work for the FHP and 51.61% have a pos graduate degree. Most of the interviewed nurses use e-mail to communicate and the internet at least once a week. So far, the program TeleHealth Rio Grande do Sul have received 498 consult requests, 111 related to the nursing field. The nurses answer nursing related doubts, sent by nursing technicians and community health agents. The consults involve several different subjects, mainly on wounds, woman health, drugs and medicines. Considering the consults demanded, the group decided to create health care protocols, starting with the most requested subjects, such as the wounds, which is about to be released on the Rio Grande do Sul TeleHealth website.

[The use of the Delphi technique for competencies investigation: an experience report]. / Utilização da técnica Delphi on-line para investigação de competências: relato de experiência.

The Delphi technique has been used in nursing research, with electronic means as an option. This article has the objective of reporting researchers' experience on the application of this technique in a study about nurses' competencies for the performance of Essential Public Health Functions. Experts were searched on the Lattes Platform of the National Council of Scientific and Technologic Development (CNPq) in Brazil. Two groups with 50 participants each, one with nurses and other with faculty with representation of every geographic region of the country were organized. The competencies validation instrument was sent by electronic means. Although it is reported that this form reduces the time for sending and receiving the questionnaires, difficulties to obtain contact with the experts, lack of return of the participants and a long time to answer the instrument were observed. Health care professionals need to understand the importance of their participation in researches with the utilization of this technique.

Critical Requirements for Nursing Practice in Rural Disasters Caused by Floods.

OBJECTIVE: To identify critical requirements for nursing practice when responding to hydrological disasters in the rural area. METHOD: A descriptive, exploratory and qualitative study was developed. The Critical Incidents Technique was adopted. Twenty public health nurses who worked during the flood season in the years of 2014 and 2015 in a rural area in Southern Brazil were interviewed. Content analysis of the data was developed. RESULTS: Critical requirements for nurses' practice were derived from the situations (n=78), critical behaviors (n=98) and consequences to the population (n=43) and to the nurses (n=38) identified. CONCLUSION / FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Although the requirements could be related to the established international referential for nurses' practice in disasters, some were described only in this study. They can contribute to the education and practice of nurses in primary health care, strengthening its capacity to face disaster situations by flood in the rural area.

Identification of nurses' competencies in primary health care through a Delphi study in southern Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: This investigation aimed to identify and analyze the general and specific competencies of nurses in the primary health care practice of Brazil. DESIGN: The Delphi Technique was used as the method of study. SAMPLE: 2 groups of participants were selected: One contained primary health care nurses (n=52) and the other specialists (n=57), including public health nurses and public or community health faculty. MEASUREMENTS: 3 questionnaires were developed for the study. The first asked participants to indicate general and specific competencies, which were compiled into a list for each group. A Likert scale of 1-5 was added to these 2 lists in the second and third questionnaires. A consensus criterion of 75% for score 4 or 5 was adopted. RESULTS: In the nurses' group, 17 general and 8 specific competencies reached the consensus criterion; 19 general and 9 specific competencies reached the criterion in the specialists' group. These competencies were classified into 10 domains: professional values, communication, teamwork, management, community-oriented, health promotion, problem solving, health care, and education and basic public health sciences. CONCLUSIONS: These competencies reflect Brazilian health policy and constitute a reference for health professional practice and education.

[Lesion severity and characteristics of motorcycle riders cared at an emergency hospital]. / Gravidade de lesões e características de motociclistas atendidos em um hospital de pronto socorro.

In Brazil, the motorcycle fleet has greatly increased, and consequently, also the risk of exposure to accidents by the riders. This cross-sectional study of the subtype "groups under treatment" aimed at studying the relation between the most frequent lesions suffered by victims of motorcycle accidents cared at the Emergency Hospital of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and the victims' characteristics. The sample included 90 motorcycle riders. The results showed that these were predominantly male, between 26 and 35 years of age, single, with no previous history of accidents, and that used the motorcycle for approximately 4.98 hours daily. The most affected body regions were the lower limbs and the hips, followed by higher limbs, with intermediate severity. Significant associations were detected between care type--outpatient--and lesion type, and among accident history, profession, and time rode per day.

Sexual and reproductive health: team competences in Primary Health Care services. / Saúde sexual e reprodutiva: competências da equipe na Atenção Primária à Saúde.

Sexual and reproductive health rights were developed recently as a result from the movements held for Human Rights and citizenship. Delimitations of this subject have not been explored in Brazil yet, even though the importance of developing skills related to this subject is recognized. This paper aims to construct a Sexual and Reproductive health transversal skills framework based on specialists' point of view. A mix methods descriptive exploratory research with the use of the Delphi Technique was developed with 41 specialists in sexual and reproductive health and rights. Three rounds of data gathering were carried out. Of the 36 skills resulting from the qualitative analysis, 32 achieved a general consent and were classified in four domains: ethics and professional principles; leadership and management; community work, health and education, counseling and evaluation; and health care. Results corroborate skills content recommended by the international literature. These skills, which are transversal, may support the development of actions and practices of the health professionals concerning sexual and reproductive health care.

Os direitos à saúde sexual e reprodutiva foram desenvolvidos recentemente advindos da luta pela cidadania e pelos Direitos Humanos. Embora haja um reconhecimento da necessidade de formação por competências nesta área, sua delimitação ainda não foi explorada no Brasil. Este trabalho teve como objetivo construir um referencial de competências transversais para a atenção em Saúde Sexual e Reprodutiva na Atenção Primária à Saúde a partir da visão de especialistas. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório-descritivo, de abordagem mista, através da técnica Delphi online, realizado com 41 especialistas em saúde Sexual e reprodutiva e direitos sexuais e reprodutivos. Foram realizadas três rodadas de Delphi. Das 36 competências resultantes da análise qualitativa, 32 alcançaram consenso, sendo classificadas em quatro domínios: ética e princípios profissionais; liderança e gestão; trabalho com a comunidade, saúde e educação, aconselhamento e avaliação; e, provisão do cuidado. Os resultados corroboram conteúdos de competências preconizadas na literatura internacional e apresentam inovações para a prática. Por serem transversais, estas podem subsidiar o planejamento de ações das equipes no âmbito da saúde sexual e reprodutiva.

The health burden of natural and technological disasters in Brazil from 2013 to 2021 / A carga de saúde dos desastres naturais e tecnológicos no Brasil de 2013 a 2021 / La carga sanitaria de los desastres naturales y tecnológicos en Brasil de 2013 a 2021

Disasters deeply impact the health of the affected population and the economy of a country. The health burden of disasters in Brazil is underestimated and more studies are needed to underpin policies and actions for disaster risk reduction. This study analyzes and describes disasters that occurred in Brazil from 2013 to 2021. The Integrated Disaster Information System (S2iD) was accessed to obtain demographic data, disaster data according to Brazilian Classification and Codification of Disasters (COBRADE), and health outcome data (number of dead, injured, sick, unsheltered, displaced, and missing individuals and other outcomes). Database preparation and analysis were performed in Tableau. In total, 98.62% (50,481) of the disasters registered in Brazil from 2013 to 2021 are natural, with a significant increase in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a biological disaster. This disaster group also caused the highest number of deaths (321,111), as well as injured (208,720) and sick (7,041,099) people. By analyzing data for each geographic region, we observed differences regarding disasters frequency and their health outcomes. In Brazil, climatological disasters are the most frequent (23,452 events) and occur mainly in the Northeast region. Geological disasters have the highest lethality, which are more common in the Southeast; however, the most common disasters in the South and Southeast are those of the meteorological and hydrological groups. Therefore, since the greatest health outcomes are associated with disasters predicted in time and space, public policies for the prevention and management of disasters can reduce the impacts of these events.

Desastres afetam profundamente a saúde da população afetada e a economia de um país. A carga de saúde dos desastres no Brasil é subestimada e mais estudos são necessários para fundamentar políticas e ações para a redução do risco de desastres. Este estudo analisa e descreve desastres ocorridos no Brasil entre 2013 e 2021. O Sistema Integrado de Informações sobre Desastres (S2iD) foi acessado para obtenção de dados demográficos, dados de desastres, de acordo com a Classificação e Codificação Brasileira de Desastres (COBRADE), e dados de resultados de saúde (mortos, feridos, doentes, desabrigados, deslocados, desaparecidos e outros afetados). A preparação e a análise do banco de dados foram realizadas no Tableau. O estudo mostra que 98,62% (50.481) dos desastres registrados no Brasil entre 2013 e 2021 foram naturais, com um aumento significativo em 2020 e 2021 por causa da pandemia de COVID-19, que é um desastre biológico. Este grupo de desastres também causou o maior número de mortes (321.111), bem como de feridos (208.720) e doentes (7.041.099). Ao analisar os dados para cada região geográfica, observaram-se diferenças em relação à frequência e aos resultados de saúde dos desastres. Por exemplo, enquanto os desastres climatológicos são os mais frequentes no país (23.452 eventos) e ocorrem principalmente na Região Nordeste, a maior letalidade é observada para desastres geológicos, que são mais comuns no Sudeste. No Sul e Sudeste, os desastres mais comuns são meteorológicos e hidrológicos. Este estudo mostra que os maiores resultados de saúde estão associados a desastres previstos no tempo e no espaço e, portanto, os impactos podem ser reduzidos com políticas públicas de prevenção e gestão de desastres.

Los desastres afectan profundamente la salud de la población y la economía de un país. La carga sanitaria de los desastres en Brasil está subestimada, y se necesitan más estudios para elaborar políticas y acciones para reducir el riesgo de desastres. Este estudio analiza y describe los desastres ocurridos en Brasil entre 2013 y 2021. Del Sistema Integrado de Información de Desastres (S2iD) se recogió datos demográficos, datos de desastres, según la Clasificación y Codificación Brasileña de Desastres (COBRADE), y datos de resultados de salud (muertos, heridos, enfermos, personas sin hogar, desplazados, desaparecidos y otros afectados). La preparación y análisis de los datos se realizó en Tableau. El estudio muestra que ocurrieron el 98,62% (50.481) de los desastres registrados en Brasil entre 2013 y 2021 fueron naturales, con un aumento significativo en 2020 y 2021 a causa de la pandemia del COVID-19, considerada un desastre biológico. Este grupo de desastre también causó el mayor número de muertos (321.111), así como el mayor número de heridos (208.720) y enfermos (7.041.099). Al analizar los datos de cada región del país, se constataron diferencias en cuanto a la frecuencia y los resultados en salud de los desastres. Mientras los desastres climatológicos son los más frecuentes en el país (23.452 eventos) y ocurren principalmente en la región Nordeste, los desastres geológicos frecuentes en el Sudeste son los más letales. En el Sur y Sudeste del país, los desastres más comunes son los meteorológicos e hidrológicos. Este estudio muestra que los mayores resultados en salud se asocian con los desastres previstos en tiempo y espacio, y que los impactos pueden reducirse con las políticas públicas de prevención y gestión de desastres.

The health burden of natural and technological disasters in Brazil from 2013 to 2021 / A carga de saúde dos desastres naturais e tecnológicos no Brasil de 2013 a 2021 / La carga sanitaria de los desastres naturales y tecnológicos en Brasil de 2013 a 2021

Disasters deeply impact the health of the affected population and the economy of a country. The health burden of disasters in Brazil is underestimated and more studies are needed to underpin policies and actions for disaster risk reduction. This study analyzes and describes disasters that occurred in Brazil from 2013 to 2021. The Integrated Disaster Information System (S2iD) was accessed to obtain demographic data, disaster data according to Brazilian Classification and Codification of Disasters (COBRADE), and health outcome data (number of dead, injured, sick, unsheltered, displaced, and missing individuals and other outcomes). Database preparation and analysis were performed in Tableau. In total, 98.62% (50,481) of the disasters registered in Brazil from 2013 to 2021 are natural, with a significant increase in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a biological disaster. This disaster group also caused the highest number of deaths (321,111), as well as injured (208,720) and sick (7,041,099) people. By analyzing data for each geographic region, we observed differences regarding disasters frequency and their health outcomes. In Brazil, climatological disasters are the most frequent (23,452 events) and occur mainly in the Northeast region. Geological disasters have the highest lethality, which are more common in the Southeast; however, the most common disasters in the South and Southeast are those of the meteorological and hydrological groups. Therefore, since the greatest health outcomes are associated with disasters predicted in time and space, public policies for the prevention and management of disasters can reduce the impacts of these events.

Desastres afetam profundamente a saúde da população afetada e a economia de um país. A carga de saúde dos desastres no Brasil é subestimada e mais estudos são necessários para fundamentar políticas e ações para a redução do risco de desastres. Este estudo analisa e descreve desastres ocorridos no Brasil entre 2013 e 2021. O Sistema Integrado de Informações sobre Desastres (S2iD) foi acessado para obtenção de dados demográficos, dados de desastres, de acordo com a Classificação e Codificação Brasileira de Desastres (COBRADE), e dados de resultados de saúde (mortos, feridos, doentes, desabrigados, deslocados, desaparecidos e outros afetados). A preparação e a análise do banco de dados foram realizadas no Tableau. O estudo mostra que 98,62% (50.481) dos desastres registrados no Brasil entre 2013 e 2021 foram naturais, com um aumento significativo em 2020 e 2021 por causa da pandemia de COVID-19, que é um desastre biológico. Este grupo de desastres também causou o maior número de mortes (321.111), bem como de feridos (208.720) e doentes (7.041.099). Ao analisar os dados para cada região geográfica, observaram-se diferenças em relação à frequência e aos resultados de saúde dos desastres. Por exemplo, enquanto os desastres climatológicos são os mais frequentes no país (23.452 eventos) e ocorrem principalmente na Região Nordeste, a maior letalidade é observada para desastres geológicos, que são mais comuns no Sudeste. No Sul e Sudeste, os desastres mais comuns são meteorológicos e hidrológicos. Este estudo mostra que os maiores resultados de saúde estão associados a desastres previstos no tempo e no espaço e, portanto, os impactos podem ser reduzidos com políticas públicas de prevenção e gestão de desastres.

Los desastres afectan profundamente la salud de la población y la economía de un país. La carga sanitaria de los desastres en Brasil está subestimada, y se necesitan más estudios para elaborar políticas y acciones para reducir el riesgo de desastres. Este estudio analiza y describe los desastres ocurridos en Brasil entre 2013 y 2021. Del Sistema Integrado de Información de Desastres (S2iD) se recogió datos demográficos, datos de desastres, según la Clasificación y Codificación Brasileña de Desastres (COBRADE), y datos de resultados de salud (muertos, heridos, enfermos, personas sin hogar, desplazados, desaparecidos y otros afectados). La preparación y análisis de los datos se realizó en Tableau. El estudio muestra que ocurrieron el 98,62% (50.481) de los desastres registrados en Brasil entre 2013 y 2021 fueron naturales, con un aumento significativo en 2020 y 2021 a causa de la pandemia del COVID-19, considerada un desastre biológico. Este grupo de desastre también causó el mayor número de muertos (321.111), así como el mayor número de heridos (208.720) y enfermos (7.041.099). Al analizar los datos de cada región del país, se constataron diferencias en cuanto a la frecuencia y los resultados en salud de los desastres. Mientras los desastres climatológicos son los más frecuentes en el país (23.452 eventos) y ocurren principalmente en la región Nordeste, los desastres geológicos frecuentes en el Sudeste son los más letales. En el Sur y Sudeste del país, los desastres más comunes son los meteorológicos e hidrológicos. Este estudio muestra que los mayores resultados en salud se asocian con los desastres previstos en tiempo y espacio, y que los impactos pueden reducirse con las políticas públicas de prevención y gestión de desastres.

Mobilização e estruturação de competências para a preceptoria na residência multiprofissional em saúde / Mobilization and structuring of competencies for preceptorship in the multiprofessional residency in health / Movilización y estructuración de competencias para la preceptoría en la residencia multiprofesional en salud

Resumo A relevância e a complexidade do trabalho desenvolvido pelos preceptores nos cenários de formação do Sistema Único de Saúde vêm crescendo nos últimos anos. Ser preceptor é uma construção cotidiana que exige a mobilização de competências específicas, porém o processo de sua estruturação e as condições para que sejam apropriadas pelos preceptores precisam ser melhor estudados. Foi realizada uma investigação que objetivou compreender como são estruturadas competências para a prática da preceptoria na residência multiprofissional em saúde. A pesquisa é qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso, com observações das atividades e entrevistas com preceptores de um Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde da Família e Comunidade no sul do Brasil. Para análise, foi realizada a triangulação dos dados e definição de categorias temáticas após verificação das observações, pela técnica de combinação de padrão, e das entrevistas, pela análise temática. Foram identificados três grupos de recursos: características pessoais, institucionais e programáticas; a trajetória acadêmica e profissional; as interações na residência e a colaboração da equipe multiprofissional. A elucidação desses elementos constitutivos da estruturação de competências contribui para que sejam explorados pelos preceptores na sua prática profissional, para as instituições de saúde, ao proporcionarem condições para o seu desenvolvimento, e para que sejam incorporados às políticas de formação em saúde.

Abstract The relevance and complexity of the work developed by preceptors in the training scenarios of the Brazilian Unified Health System has been growing in recent years. Being a preceptor is a daily construction that requires the mobilization of specific skills, but the process of its structuring and the conditions for it to be appropriated by preceptors need to be better studied. An investigation was carried out to understand how competencies are structured for the practice of preceptorship in the multiprofessional residency in health. The research is qualitative, of the case study type, with observations of activities and interviews with preceptors of a Multiprofessional Residency Program in Family and Community Health in Southern Brazil. For analysis, data triangulation and definition of thematic categories were performed after verification of observations, using the pattern combination technique, and interviews, using thematic analysis. Three groups of resources were identified: personal, institutional and programmatic characteristics; the academic and professional trajectory; the interactions in the residence and the collaboration of the multiprofessional team. The elucidation of these constitutive elements of the structuring of competences contributes for them to be explored by preceptors in their professional practice, for health institutions, by providing conditions for their development, and for them to be incorporated into health training policies.

Resumen La relevancia y complejidad del trabajo desarrollado por los preceptores en los escenarios de formación del Sistema Único de Salud vienen creciendo en los últimos años. Ser preceptor es una construcción cotidiana que requiere la movilización de competencias específicas, pero el proceso de su estructuración y las condiciones para que sean apropiadas por los preceptores necesitan un estudio profundizado. Se realizó una investigación para comprender cómo se estructuran las competencias para la práctica de la preceptoría en la residencia multiprofesional en salud. La investigación es cualitativa, del tipo estudio de caso, con observaciones de actividades y entrevistas con preceptores de un Programa de Residencia Multiprofesional en Salud Familiar y Comunitaria en el sur de Brasil. Para el análisis, se realizaron la triangulación de datos y la definición de categorías temáticas después de la verificación de las observaciones, utilizando la técnica de combinación de patrones, entrevistas y el análisis temático. Se identificaron tres grupos de recursos: características personales, institucionales y programáticas; la trayectoria académica y profesional; las interacciones en la residencia y la colaboración del equipo multiprofesional. La elucidación de estos elementos constitutivos de la estructuración de competencias contribuye para que sean explorados por los preceptores en su práctica profesional, por las instituciones de salud, al propiciar condiciones para su desarrollo, y para que sean incorporados a las políticas de formación en salud.

Indicators and Measurement Tools for Health Systems Integration: A Knowledge Synthesis.

BACKGROUND: Despite far reaching support for integrated care, conceptualizing and measuring integrated care remains challenging. This knowledge synthesis aimed to identify indicator domains and tools to measure progress towards integrated care. METHODS: We used an established framework and a Delphi survey with integration experts to identify relevant measurement domains. For each domain, we searched and reviewed the literature for relevant tools. FINDINGS: From 7,133 abstracts, we retrieved 114 unique tools. We found many quality tools to measure care coordination, patient engagement and team effectiveness/performance. In contrast, there were few tools in the domains of performance measurement and information systems, alignment of organizational goals and resource allocation. The search yielded 12 tools that measure overall integration or three or more indicator domains. DISCUSSION: Our findings highlight a continued gap in tools to measure foundational components that support integrated care. In the absence of such targeted tools, "overall integration" tools may be useful for a broad assessment of the overall state of a system. CONCLUSIONS: Continued progress towards integrated care depends on our ability to evaluate the success of strategies across different levels and context. This study has identified 114 tools that measure integrated care across 16 domains, supporting efforts towards a unified measurement framework.

[Nursing teaching as a space for the development of health education technologies]. / O ensino de enfermagem como espaço para o desenvolvimento de tecnologias de educação em saúde.

This article consists of a report on the experience of creating a new health educational technology against smoking invented by an academic of the Nursing School Graduation Course. The construction involved a problem solving methodology, with the participation of teachers, students, smokers and the community, in a constant process of teaching and learning, based on numberless interactions with the creative and critic responses obtained. It became clear that this technology is a powerful tool in the combat of smoking and that it can be adapted to different issues.