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The formation of a topological superconducting phase in a quantum-dot-based Kitaev chain requires nearest neighbor crossed Andreev reflection and elastic cotunneling. Here, we report on a hybrid InSb nanowire in a three-site Kitaev chain geometry-the smallest system with well-defined bulk and edge-where two superconductor-semiconductor hybrids separate three quantum dots. We demonstrate pairwise crossed Andreev reflection and elastic cotunneling between both pairs of neighboring dots and show sequential tunneling processes involving all three quantum dots. These results are the next step toward the realization of topological superconductivity in long Kitaev chain devices with many coupled quantum dots.
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AIMS: High-power-short-duration (HPSD) ablation is an effective treatment for atrial fibrillation but poses risks of thermal injuries to the oesophagus and vagus nerve. This study aims to investigate incidence and predictors of thermal injuries, employing machine learning. METHODS AND RESULTS: A prospective observational study was conducted at Leipzig Heart Centre, Germany, excluding patients with multiple prior ablations. All patients received Ablation Index-guided HPSD ablation and subsequent oesophagogastroduodenoscopy. A machine learning algorithm categorized ablation points by atrial location and analysed ablation data, including Ablation Index, focusing on the posterior wall. The study is registered in clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05709756). Between February 2021 and August 2023, 238 patients were enrolled, of whom 18 (7.6%; nine oesophagus, eight vagus nerve, one both) developed thermal injuries, including eight oesophageal erythemata, two ulcers, and no fistula. Higher mean force (15.8 ± 3.9â g vs. 13.6 ± 3.9â g, P = 0.022), ablation point quantity (61.50 ± 20.45 vs. 48.16 ± 19.60, P = 0.007), and total and maximum Ablation Index (24 114 ± 8765 vs. 18 894 ± 7863, P = 0.008; 499 ± 95 vs. 473 ± 44, P = 0.04, respectively) at the posterior wall, but not oesophagus location, correlated significantly with thermal injury occurrence. Patients with thermal injuries had significantly lower distances between left atrium and oesophagus (3.0 ± 1.5â mm vs. 4.4 ± 2.1â mm, P = 0.012) and smaller atrial surface areas (24.9 ± 6.5â cm2 vs. 29.5 ± 7.5â cm2, P = 0.032). CONCLUSION: The low thermal lesion's rate (7.6%) during Ablation Index-guided HPSD ablation for atrial fibrillation is noteworthy. Machine learning based ablation data analysis identified several potential predictors of thermal injuries. The correlation between machine learning output and injury development suggests the potential for a clinical tool to enhance procedural safety.
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Fibrilação Atrial , Ablação por Cateter , Esôfago , Traumatismos do Nervo Vago , Humanos , Fibrilação Atrial/cirurgia , Fibrilação Atrial/epidemiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Esôfago/lesões , Esôfago/cirurgia , Ablação por Cateter/efeitos adversos , Ablação por Cateter/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Traumatismos do Nervo Vago/etiologia , Traumatismos do Nervo Vago/epidemiologia , Incidência , Idoso , Aprendizado de Máquina , Fatores de Risco , Alemanha/epidemiologia , Queimaduras/epidemiologia , Queimaduras/etiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Veias Pulmonares/cirurgia , Nervo VagoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to identify cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) protocols that offer an optimal balance between effective dose and 3D model for orthognathic virtual surgery planning, using CT as a reference, and to assess whether such protocols can be defined based on technical image quality metrics. METHODS: Eleven CBCT (VISO G7, Planmeca Oy, Helsinki, Finland) scan protocols were selected out of 32 candidate protocols, based on effective dose and technical image quality measurements. Next, an anthropomorphic RANDO SK150 phantom was scanned using these 11 CBCT protocols and 2 CT scanners for bone quantity assessments. The resulting DICOM files were converted into STL models that were used for bone volume and area measurements in the predefined orbital region to assess the validity of each CBCT protocol for VSP. RESULTS: The highest CBCT bone volume and area of the STL models were obtained using normal dose protocol (F2) and ULD protocol (J13) which resulted in 48% and 96% of the mean STL bone volume and 48% and 95% of the bone area measured on CT scanners, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The optimal normal dose CBCT protocol" F2" offered optimal bone area and volume balance for STL. The optimal CBCT protocol can be defined exhibited similar using CNR and MTF values that were similar with of those of the reference CT scanners'. CBCT scanner with selected protocols can offer a viable alternative to CT scanners for acquiring STL models for VSP at a lower effective dose.
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BACKGROUND: To analyze the prevalence and location of tooth loss in Sjögren's syndrome (SS) patients and compare them with an age- and gender-matched control group. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Dental charts and x-rays of 108 (SS) patients were retrieved from an academic dental center and special care dentistry department. For each SS patient, an age- and gender-matched non-SS patient was randomly selected. Medication, number of extractions and date and location of extractions were assessed. Differences between SS and non-SS patients were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U tests, Chi-square tests and Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS: Significantly more SS patients were edentulous compared to the non-SS group (14.8% versus 1.9%, p= 0.001). SS patients had a 61% higher risk to have experienced one or more extractions than control patients. In the SS group, there was a non-significant tendency for more maxillary teeth to have been extracted than mandibular teeth (42:34). In the control group, the number of extractions in the maxilla and mandible were comparable (21:20). When divided into sextants, the number of SS patients with one or more extractions was significantly higher than for non-SS patients for each sextant (p= 0.001 to p= 0.032). The largest difference in the proportion of patients with one or more extractions between the SS and non-SS patients occurred in the upper anterior sextant (3.4 times more frequent). CONCLUSIONS: SS patients are more prone to experience dental extractions compared to patients without SS. It could be speculated that this is related to a decreased salivary secretion
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Síndrome de Sjogren/complicações , Perda de Dente/etiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Background: Ameloblastoma is a neoplasm classified as a benign epithelial odontogenic tumor of the jaws, grow slowly and are locally invasive. The aim of the present study was to investigate the incidence, treatment, and complication of patients with ameloblastoma in East-Indonesia during six years retrospective study. Material and Methods: This retrospective study included 84 patients who were diagnosed with ameloblastoma from 2011 to 2016. There were 56 patients with treatment data available. Data from each patient, including gender, age, histologic type, the size of the tumor, radiologic form, tumor location, type of treatment, and complication were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively. Results: Fourteen patients were diagnosed with unicystic ameloblastoma (25%), thirty two patients with multicystic follicular ameloblastoma (57%) and ten patients with an unspecified multicystic ameloblastoma (18%). A total of about 35 patients were treated conservatively (62.5%) and 21 patients were treated radically (37.5%). Swelling was present as a pre-operative complication in all 56 cases (100%). There were no complaints concerning speech. Conclusions: The majority findings of the histologic type were multicystic ameloblastoma and their location were in the mandible. Most ameloblastoma were treated conservatively and reconstructions were made with only titanium plates and not bone graft (AU)
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