Type 2 diabetes increases oocyte mtDNA mutations which are eliminated in the offspring by bottleneck effect.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes induces many complications including reduced fertility and low oocyte quality, but whether it causes increased mtDNA mutations is unknown. METHODS: We generated a T2D mouse model by using high-fat-diet (HFD) and Streptozotocin (STZ) injection. We examined mtDNA mutations in oocytes of diabetic mice by high-throughput sequencing techniques. RESULTS: T2D mice showed glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, low fecundity compared to the control group. T2D oocytes showed increased mtDNA mutation sites and mutation numbers compared to the control counterparts. mtDNA mutation examination in F1 mice showed that the mitochondrial bottleneck could eliminate mtDNA mutations. CONCLUSIONS: T2D mice have increased mtDNA mutation sites and mtDNA mutation numbers in oocytes compared to the counterparts, while these adverse effects can be eliminated by the bottleneck effect in their offspring. This is the first study using a small number of oocytes to examine mtDNA mutations in diabetic mothers and offspring.

Compact Sub 6 GHz Slot Multiantenna System for 5G Laptops.

A sub 6 GHz dual-band closed-slot multiantenna system for 5G laptops is proposed in this paper. It was installed in a clearance space, with dimensions og 217 × 3 mm2 and 1 mm away from the upper edge of the screen ground plane. The dimensions of the clearance space were the same as those of a multisystem consisting of six antennas. The dimensions of the single closed-slot antenna were 32 × 3 mm2 (0.368 λ × 0.034 λ, where λ equals the free-space wavelength of 3450 MHz. The antenna was coupled to an asymmetric T-shaped feed-in section equipped with a chip capacitor for exciting one-half and full wavelength resonance modes of the closed-slot to encompass sub 6 GHz 3300-3600 MHz and 4800-5000 MHz dual-band operations. The design of the antenna features a long and straight slot to generate the high-order mode of the closed slot in the high-frequency (4800-5000 MHz) band (not the low-frequency (3300-3600 MHz) multiplier band). Its structure is simple, and the width of its slot is only 3 mm. The antennas were arranged to be 5 mm apart in the same direction and in parallel to form a six-antenna system in order to utilize the weak electric fields located at the two closed ends of the closed-slot structure when the closed slot was excited. It showed excellent envelope correlation coefficients (ECCs) and isolation performance without the installation of isolation elements. The measured fractional bandwidth of the antenna was 10.15% and 6.73% at the center frequencies of 3450 MHz and 4900 MHz, respectively. Its measured isolation was always over 10 dB, and the efficiency was between 46% and 76%. The ECCs of the system calculated from the measured complex E-field radiation pattern were all below 0.2, which means that it is ideal for use in laptop devices with a high screen-to-body ratio and a metal back cover.

Phytochemical composition, antimicrobial activities, and cholinesterase inhibitory properties of the lichen Usnea diffracta Vain.

Lichens are important sources of versatile bioactive compounds. Two new dibenzofurans (1-2), a multi-substituted single benzene ring (3), and two organic acid compounds (4-5) along with 25 known compounds (6-30) were isolated from the lichen Usnea diffracta Vain. Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral analyses. Compounds 1-30 were tested for inhibitory activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans by the disk diffusion method and microdilution assay respectively. Compound 3 showed moderate inhibitory activities against S. aureus and E. coli with the inhibition zone (IZ) of 6.2 mm and 6.3 mm, respectively. Depside 10 exhibited good activity against S.aureus and C. albicans with 6.6 mm and 32 µg/ml, respectively. The acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of compounds 1, 2, and 6-8 with the characteristic dibenzofuran scaffold were evaluated var anti-AChE assay and a molecular docking study. Compound 2 could better inhibit AChE at the concentration of 0.3 µmol/ml with a value of 61.07 ± 0.85%. The molecular docking study also demonstrated that compound 2 had the strongest binding affinity among the five dibenzofurans, and the "-CDOCKER Energy" value was 14.4513 kcal/mol.

Phenolic compounds with NF-κB inhibitory effects from the fungus Phellinus baumii.

Chemical investigation of the fungus Phellinus baumii has resulted in characterization of five previously undescribed hispidin derivatives, phellibaumins A-E (1-5), as well as two pairs of new non-equivalent epimeric benzyl dihydroflavones, methylphelligrin A (9), epi-methylphelligrin A (10), methylphelligrin B (11), and epi-methylphelligrin B (12), together with five known compounds, interfungin B (6), phelligridin H (7), phelligridimer A (8), phelligrin A (13), and epi-phelligrin A (14). Phellibaumin A (1) was a novel hispidin derivative with a unique 3,4-dihydroxybenzofuran unit. These compounds exhibited NF-κB inhibitory activity with IC(50) values of 52.96 µM (1), 41.40 µM (2), 52.92 µM (5), 36.44 µM (9 and 10), and 22.46 µM (11 and 12), respectively.

Aqua-(4-fluoro-benzoato-κO)bis-(1,10-phenanthroline-κN,N')manganese(II) 4-fluoro-benzoate trihydrate.

In the title compound, [Mn(C(7)H(4)FO(2))(C(12)H(8)N(2))(2)(H(2)O)](C(7)H(4)FO(2))·3H(2)O, the Mn(II) atom is coordinated by four N atoms from two chelating 1,10-phenanthroline ligands and two O atoms from one monodentate 4-fluoro-benzoate ion and one water mol-ecule, forming a distorted octa-hedral geometry. In the crystal, the three components are assembled into a tape structure along the a axis by O-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Between the tapes, a π-π inter-action with a centroid-centroid distance of 3.569 (3) Šand a weak C-H⋯F hydrogen bond are observed.

Tetra-aqua(2,2'-bipyridine-κN,N')magnesium(II) bis-(4-bromo-benzoate).

In the complex cation of the title compound, [Mg(C(10)H(8)N(2))(H(2)O)(4)](C(7)H(4)BrO(2))(2), the Mg(II) atom is coordinated by two N atoms from a 2,2'-bipyridine ligand and four water O atoms in a distorted MgN(2)O(4) octa-hedral geometry. The cation is located on a special position on a twofold rotation axis which passes through the Mg(II) atom and the centroid of the 2,2'-bipyridine ligand. The 2,2'-bipyridine ligands exhibit nearly perfect coplanarity (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0035 Å) . In the crystal, O-H⋯O and C-H⋯O, C-H⋯Br hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking inter-actions [mean inter-planar distance of 3.475 (6) Šbetween adjacent 2,2'-bipyridine ligands] link the cations and anions into a three-dimensional supra-molecular network. One Br atom is disordered over two sites with occupancy factors of 0.55 and 0.45.

[Association study between Protein Kinase C gamma gene polymorphism and major depressive disorder].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic association of PKCgamma gene rs3745406 polymorphism with major depressive disorder (MDD) and their clinical phenotypes. METHODS: A total of 453 Chinese Han MDD patients with an initial episode were recruited from our hospital. The symptomatic phenotypes of these cases were evaluated by HAMD. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing analysis were used to detect the genotype of rs3745406. Associations of allele, genotype and quantitative character were analyzed using the UNPHASED software. RESULTS: (1) The distributions of genotypes in both study and control samples were in a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (chi(2) = 1.46, P = 0.25); (2) No significant allelic and genotypic association was found in these samples (P > 0.05); (3) Further analyses revealed a significant association between rs3745406 locus and HAMD suicidal phenotypes (chi(2) = 4.746, P = 0.0360). CONCLUSION: The PKCgamma rs3745406 polymorphism is not significantly associated with MDD whereas it has a marked association with suicidal symptoms in MDD.

Bis[bis-(1,10-phenanthroline-κN,N')copper(I)] µ(6)-oxido-dodeca-kis-µ(2)-oxido-hexa-oxidohexa-tungsten(VI).

The title compound, [Cu(C(12)H(8)N(2))(2)](2)[W(6)O(19)], consists of two [Cu(phen)(2)](+) cations (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) and one typical [W(6)O(19)](2-) isopolyanion. The Cu(I) atom is coordinated by four N atoms from two bidentate chelating phen ligands in a distorted tetra-hedral geometry. The hexa-tungstate anion, lying on an inversion center and possessing the well known Lindqvist structure, is formed by six edge-sharing WO(6) octa-hedra, thus exhibiting an approximate O(h) symmetry. Three kinds of O atoms exist in the hexa-tungstate, viz. terminal O(a), bridging O(b) and central O(c) atoms. Besides the electrostatic effects between the anions and cations, weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds exist between the phen ligands and O(a) or O(b) atoms. The mean inter-planar distances of 3.485 (1) and 3.344 (1) Šindicate π-π stacking inter-actions between neighboring phen ligands. These weak hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking inter-actions lead to a two-dimensional network.

Analysis of bacterial drug resistance of bloodstream infections in Fujian in 2021 / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective To understand the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria of bloodstream infection in Fujian Province, and to provide reference for clinical rational drug use. Methods Bacteria identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test were carried out on the isolated strains of blood culture samples in 31 medical institutions in Fujian Province according to the unified plan. The data were statistically analyzed by WHONET 5.6 software according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) drug sensitivity executive standard in 2021. Results After removing the duplicate strains, 10 356 strains of bacteria were collected, including 3 668 strains of Gram-positive bacteria (35.4%) and 6 688 strains of Gram-negative bacteria (64.6%). The top 5 bacteria are Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, coagulase negative Staphylococcus, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, the detection rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was 24.5%, and the detection rate of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus aureus (MRCNS) was 76.8%. Vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid resistant staphylococci were not found. The detection rate of penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae was 3.2%. Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium were 0.8% and 1.1% respectively. The resistance rate of Escherichia coli to carbapenems was 0.8%, and the resistance rate to levofloxacin was 41.9%; the resistance rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae to carbapenems was 15.0%. The resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii to carbapenems was 45.1%; the detection rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was only 14.2%, and it maintained a high sensitivity to most drugs. Conclusions Most bloodstream infections in Fujian Province are caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus. The drug resistance of some strains is not optimistic, so we should continue to strengthen the clinical application management of antibiotics and use them correctly and reasonably. Keywords: Bloodstream infection; bacteria; antibiotics; drug resistance monitoring

[Genetic analysis of isozyme loci of intraspecific hybrid in Auricularia auricula].

Monokaryon strains H2 and J3 were respectively developed from the cultivated strains He-1 and Ju-1 of Auricularia auricula through protoplasted monokaryon technique. Dicaryon strain H2J3 was bred through crossbreeding of H2 and J3 as parents. Fifty-two F1 monokaryon strains were obtained from the fruitbodies of dicaryon H2J3 of A. auricula by the single-spore isolation and culture. All the tested strains, parent monokaryon strains (H2,J3) and fifty-two F1 monokaryon strains, were cultured in liquid Complete Yeast Medium(CYM) for twenty days, and the mycelia of tested strains were respectively analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Bian Y B et al. have reported the results of isozyme zymogram polymorphisms of cultured strains including He-1 and Ju-1, and the specific expression of esterase genes on the different stages of mycelial development in A. auricula. The same named methods of isozyme loci and alleles suggested by Gottlieb (1973) were used in this study. The relative fitness of allele segregation and theoretical expected ratio was examined by the contingency chi 2 test. The linkage relationship was assessed according to the method suggested by Rudin and Ekberg (1978). The isozyme analysis of tested strains showed that the isozymes of esterase (EST), malate dehydrogenase(MDH) and formate dehydrogenase(FDH) of A. auricula were respectively controlled by 7, 5 and 4 polymorphic loci. The isozyme bands which were controlled by EST-3, EST-4, MDH-3 and MDH-4 loci were stably expressed in the parental strains and most tested F1 monokaryon strains. Genetic analysis was impossible for these four loci. The relative fitness between allele observed value and theoretical expected value was further examined by means of contingency chi 2 at 1% level, the result indicated that significant difference existed from the chi 2 value of MDH-5 and FDH-1 in 7 polymorphic loci of EST, MDH and FDH, and denied the hypothesis in which the isozyme bands controlled by MDH-5 and FDH-1 loci were presumed to be allozyme bands. The allele observed values (100:SA) of EST-7, MDH-1, MDH-5, FDH-1, FDH-2 and FDH-4 were significant deviation of theoretical expected ratio (1:1), which showed that these variations were not due to the allele expressions. The significant difference was not be showed at the 5% level from the chi 2 values of EST-1, EST-2, EST-5, EST-6 and MDH-2, this result indicated the allele segregation was corresponding to the theoretical expected ratio at these 5 loci, these 5 loci were allozyme loci which was corresponding to Mendel's law of segregation. A total of 10 possible pair combinations from the 5 allozyme loci were tested. The numbers of monokaryon strains with parental type zymogram or recombinant type zymogram were counted up, and the chi 2I, chi 2II and chi 2L were calculated for examining the linkage relationships of these allozyme loci, the chi 2L value attained to significant difference at 1% level between EST-5 and EST-6 loci, it indicated that the linkage relationship existed between the two loci, non-linkage relationships existed between the other pairing loci of 5 allozyme loci.