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Copper is a vital micronutrient for lives and an important ingredient for bactericides and fungicides. Given its indispensable biological and agricultural roles, there is an urgent need to develop simple, affordable, and reliable methods for detecting copper in complicated matrixes, particularly in underdeveloped regions where costly standardized instruments and sample dilution procedures hinder progress. The findings that zinc-doped Prussian blue nanoparticle (ZnPB NP) exhibits exceptional efficiency in capturing and isolating copper ions, and accelerates the generation of dissolved oxygen in a solution of H2 O2 with remarkable sensitivity and selectivity, the signal of which displays a positive correlation with the copper level due to the copper-enhanced catalase-like activity of ZnPB NP, are presented. Consequently, the ZnPB NP serves as an all-in-one sensor for copper ion. The credibility of the method for copper assays in human urine and farmland soil is shown by comparing it to the standard instrumentation, yielding a coefficient of correlation (R2 = 0.9890), but the cost is dramatically reduced. This ZnPB nanozyme represents a first-generation probe for copper ion in complicated matrixes, laying the groundwork for the future development of a practical copper sensor that can be applied in resource-constrained environments.
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Cobre , Nanopartículas , Humanos , Zinco , FerrocianetosRESUMO
The development of smart systems for pesticidal delivery presents a significant advancement in enhancing the utilization efficiency of pesticides and mitigating environmental risks. Here an acid-responsive pesticidal delivery system using microspheres formed by the self-assembly of halloysite clay nanotubes (HNTs) is proposed. Insecticide avermectin (AVM) and herbicide prometryn (PMT) are used as two models of hydrophobic pesticide and encapsulated within the porous microspheres, followed by a coating of tannic acid/iron (TA/FeIII) complex films to generate two controlled-release pesticides, named as HCEAT and HCEPT, resulting in the loading capacity of AVM and PMT being 113.3 and 120.3 mg g-1, respectively. Both HCEAT and HCEPT exhibit responsiveness to weak acid, achieving 24 h-release ratios of 85.8% and 80.5% at a pH of 5.5. The experiment and simulation results indicate that the coordination interaction between EDTA2- and Ca2+ facilitates the spherical aggregation of HNTs. Furthermore, these novel pesticide formulations demonstrate better resistance against ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, higher foliar affinity, and less leaching effect, with negligible impact of the carrier material on plants and terrestrial organisms. This work presents a promising approach toward the development of efficient and eco-friendly pesticide formulations, greatly contributing to the sustainable advancement of agriculture.
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Copper-based nanozymes exhibit excellent antitumor activity but are easily inactivated due to the disturbance of proteins or other macromolecules with sulfhydryl. A tumor microenvironment-responsive CuMnO@Fe3O4 (CMF) core-shell nanozyme for highly efficient tumor theranostics is developed. A platelet-derived growth factor receptor-ß-recognizing cyclic peptide (PDGFB) target is conjugated to the surface of CMF to fabricate a tumor-specific nanozyme (PCMF). The core-shell nanostructure significantly avoids the oxidation and inactivation of copper-based nanozyme, promoting the antitumor activity of PCMF. The weak acid- and GSH-activated T1 and T2 relaxation rate of PCMF contributes to T1 and T2 dual contrast imaging at the tumor site. In addition, the PCMF disintegrates and produces some metal ions that possess Fenton catalytic activity (i.e., Cu+, Mn2+, and Fe2+) under TME. This process significantly depletes GSH, accelerates Fenton and Fenton-like reactions, enhances cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and induces cancer cell apoptosis and ferroptosis. PCMF also exhibits photothermal functions, so it can be used in combined photothermal therapy, ferroptosis therapy, and chemodynamic therapy, improving anticancer activity. This work provides insights into the design of an exquisite nanostructure for high-sensitive and tumor-specific theranostics.
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Nanoestruturas , Neoplasias , Humanos , Medicina de Precisão , Cobre , Microambiente Tumoral , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Neoplasias/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias/terapia , Peróxido de Hidrogênio , Linhagem Celular TumoralRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 80-85% of all lung cancer and is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Although various treatment strategies have been introduced, the 5-year survival rate of patients with NSCLC is only 20-30%. Thus, it remains necessary to study the pathogenesis of NSCLC and develop new therapeutic drugs. Notably, PYK2 has been implicated in the progression of many tumors, including NSCLC, but its detailed mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanisms through which PYK2 promotes NSCLC progression. METHODS: The mRNA and protein levels of various molecules were measured using qRT-PCR, western blot (WB), and immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively. We established stable PYK2 knockdown and overexpression cell lines, and CCK-8, EdU, and clonogenic assays; wound healing, transwell migration, and Matrigel invasion assays; and flow cytometry were employed to assess the phenotypes of tumor cells. Protein interactions were evaluated with co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP), immunofluorescence (IF)-based colocalization, and nucleocytoplasmic separation assays. RNA sequencing was performed to explore the transcriptional regulation mediated by PYK2. Secreted VGF levels were examined using ELISA. Dual-luciferase reporter system was used to detect transcriptional regulation site. PF4618433 (PYK2 inhibitor) and Stattic (STAT3 inhibitor) were used for rescue experiments. A public database was mined to analyze the effect of these molecules on NSCLC prognosis. To investigate the role of PYK2 in vivo, mouse xenograft models of lung carcinoma were established and examined. RESULTS: The protein level of PYK2 was higher in human NSCLC tumors than in the adjacent normal tissue, and higher PYK2 expression was associated with poorer prognosis. PYK2 knockdown inhibited the proliferation and motility of tumor cells and caused G1-S arrest and cyclinD1 downregulation in A549 and H460 cells. Meanwhile, PYK2 overexpression had the opposite effect in H1299 cells. The siRNA-induced inhibition of integrins alpha V and beta 1 led to the downregulation of p-PYK2(Tyr402). Activated PYK2 could bind to STAT3 and enhance its phosphorylation at Tyr705, regulating the nuclear accumulation of p-STAT3(Tyr705). This further promoted the expression of VGF, as confirmed by RNA sequencing in a PYK2-overexpressing H1299 cell line and validated by rescue experiments. Two sites in promoter region of VGF gene were confirmed as binding sites of STAT3 by Dual-luciferase assay. Data from the TGCA database showed that VGF was related to the poor prognosis of NSCLC. IHC revealed higher p-PYK2(Tyr402) and VGF expression in lung tumors than in adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, both proteins showed higher levels in advanced TNM stages than earlier ones. A positive linear correlation existed between the IHC score of p-PYK2(Tyr402) and VGF. Knockdown of VGF inhibited tumor progression and reversed the tumor promoting effect of PYK2 overexpression in NSCLC cells. Finally, the mouse model exhibited enhanced tumor growth when PYK2 was overexpressed, while the inhibitors PF4618433 and Stattic could attenuate this effect. CONCLUSIONS: The Integrin αVß1-PYK2-STAT3-VGF axis promotes NSCLC development, and the PYK2 inhibitor PF4618433 and STAT3 inhibitor Stattic can reverse the pro-tumorigenic effect of high PYK2 expression in mouse models. Our findings provide insights into NSCLC progression and could guide potential therapeutic strategies against NSCLC with high PYK2 expression levels.
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Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Proliferação de Células , Progressão da Doença , Quinase 2 de Adesão Focal , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Fator de Transcrição STAT3 , Humanos , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/metabolismo , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/metabolismo , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/genética , Quinase 2 de Adesão Focal/metabolismo , Quinase 2 de Adesão Focal/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Animais , Proliferação de Células/genética , Camundongos , Movimento Celular/genética , Camundongos Nus , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB CRESUMO
We previously showed that kaempferol (KAE) could exert neuroprotective effects against PD. It has been demonstrated that abnormal autophagy plays a key role in the development of PD. Mitochondrial dysfunction, involved in the development of PD, can damage dopaminergic neurons. Whether the protective effects of KAE were exerted via regulating autophagy remains largely undefined, however. This study aimed to investigate whether KAE could protect dopaminergic neurons via autophagy and the underlying mechanisms using a MPTP/MPP+-stimulated PD model. Cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and protein levels of autophagy mediators along with mTOR signaling pathway molecules were investigated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses. The results showed that KAE could ameliorate the behavioral impairments of mice, reduce the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, and reduce α-synuclein (α-syn) levels. Furthermore, KAE upregulated levels of autophagy effector protein of Beclin-1 and autophagy microtubule associated protein of light chain 3 (LC3) in the substantia nigra (SN) while rescuing mitochondrial integrity, and downregulated levels of ubiquitin binding protein p62 and cleaved caspase-3, probably by decreasing the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Further in vitro experiments demonstrated similar results. In conclusion, KAE exerts neuroprotective effects against PD potentially by promoting autophagy via inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway.
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Fármacos Neuroprotetores , Doença de Parkinson , Camundongos , Animais , Doença de Parkinson/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Parkinson/metabolismo , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/metabolismo , Neurônios Dopaminérgicos , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/metabolismo , Autofagia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Mamíferos/metabolismoRESUMO
Herein, a novel magnetic iron-based carbon microsphere was prepared by cohydrothermal treatment of tobacco waste liquid (TWL) and waste iron residue (WIR) to form WIR@TWL. After that, WIR@TWL was coated with sodium polyacrylate (S.P.) to fabricate WIR@TWL@SP, whose removal efficiency for bivalent cadmium (Cd(II)) was studied in water and soil. As a result, WIR@TWL@SP possessed a high Cd(II) removal efficiency, which could reach 98.5% within 2 h. The adsorption process was consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model because of the higher value of adjusted R2 (0.99). The thermodynamic data showed that the adsorption process was spontaneous (ΔG° < 0) and exothermic (ΔH° = 32.42 KJ·mol-1 > 0). Cd(II) removal mechanisms also include cation exchange, electrostatic attraction, hydrogen-bond interaction, and cation-π interaction. Notably, pot experiments demonstrated that WIR@TWL@SP could effectively reduce Cd absorption by plants in water and soil. Thus, this study offers an effective method for remediating Cd(II)-contaminated water and soil and may have a practical application value.
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Poluentes Químicos da Água , Purificação da Água , Adsorção , Cádmio/química , Carbono , Ferro/química , Cinética , Microesferas , Solo , Nicotiana , Água , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Purificação da Água/métodosRESUMO
The cell membrane is widely considered as a promising delivery nanocarrier due to its excellent properties. In this study, self-assembled Pseudomonas geniculate cell membranes were prepared with high yield as drug nanocarriers, and named BMMPs. BMMPs showed excellent biosafety, and could be more efficiently internalized by cancer cells than traditional red cell membrane nanocarriers, indicating that BMMPs could deliver more drug into cancer cells. Subsequently, the BMMPs were coated with nanoselenium (Se), and subsequently loaded with Mn2+ ions and doxorubicin (DOX) to fabricate a functional nanoplatform (BMMP-Mn2+/Se/DOX). Notably, in this nanoplatform, Se nanoparticles activated superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) expression and subsequently up-regulated downstream H2O2 levels. Next, the released Mn2+ ions catalyzed H2O2 to highly toxic hydroxyl radicals (·OH), inducing mitochondrial damage. In addition, the BMMP-Mn2+/Se nanoplatform inhibited glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression and further accelerated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Notably, the BMMP-Mn2+/Se/DOX nanoplatform exhibited increased effectiveness in inducing cancer cell death through mitochondrial and nuclear targeting dual-mode therapeutic pathways and showed negligible toxicity to normal organs. Therefore, this nanoplatform may represent a promising drug delivery system for achieving a safe, effective, and accurate cancer therapeutic plan.
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Biomimética , Doxorrubicina/farmacologia , Manganês/farmacologia , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Nanopartículas , Selênio/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Biomassa , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Tratamento Farmacológico , Células HeLa , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Íons , Fosfolipídeo Hidroperóxido Glutationa Peroxidase , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase-1RESUMO
In this study, a magnetic nanocomposite (denoted as FZ) was fabricated using Fe3O4and zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8), based on a coprecipitation method. FZ could efficiently remove Cu2+(Cu(II)) and AsO2- (As(III)) ions simultaneously from water, soil, and swine urine samples through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. The Cu(II) and As(III) removal efficiencies of the optimal FZ sample increased gradually with time and reached 99.1% and 98.4%, respectively, in 180 min. The maximum adsorption capacities of FZ4 for Cu(II) and As(III) were determined to be 33.48 mg/g and 21.12 mg/g, respectively. Additionally, the FZ with a high saturation magnetization (49.8 emu/g) was easily recovered from aqueous solutions and soil samples. Furthermore, zebrafish experiments indicated that FZ possessed a high biosafety. Thus, this study introduces a promising method for treating water, soil, and swine urine samples contaminated with Cu(II) and As(III), and verifies that FZ is suitable for practical application.
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Arsênio , Nanocompostos , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Zeolitas , Adsorção , Animais , Cobre , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Cinética , Solo , Suínos , Água , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Peixe-ZebraRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Post-partum depression (PPD) is a growing mental health concern worldwide. There is little evidence in the Chinese context of the relationship between paternal PPD and maternal PPD. Given the growing global concerns this relationship requires further exploration. METHODS: A survey was conducted with 950 total couples from March 2017 to December 2018. The study was conducted using a standardized questionnaire that included basic demographic information, information on the relationship between the mother-in-law and daughter-in-law, marital satisfaction (both maternal and paternal), and PPD symptoms. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis was used to explore the underlying mechanism for PPD symptoms in mothers and fathers. RESULTS: In 4.4% of the couples both the wife and the husband showed depressive symptoms. Maternal marital satisfaction showed a significant mediating effect on paternal PPD (B = -0.114, p < 0.01), and there was a direct effect of maternal PPD on paternal PPD (B = 0.31, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to investigate the possible correlation between maternal PPD, mother-in-law and daughter-in-law relationship satisfaction, maternal marital satisfaction, paternal marital satisfaction, and paternal PPD. It is important for future PPD interventions to target both maternal and paternal mental health, as well as the mechanisms identified that can lead to PPD.
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Depressão Pós-Parto/epidemiologia , Pai/psicologia , Modelos Estatísticos , Mães/psicologia , Adulto , Correlação de Dados , Relações Familiares , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Satisfação Pessoal , Autorrelato , Adulto JovemRESUMO
A new nanocomposite (SCZ), microspherical carbon (SC) loaded with nanoscale zerovalent iron (ZVI), was fabricated to efficiently remove hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in water. Therein, SC was derived from waste carton through hydrothermal treatment after pretreatment of removing hemicellulose and lignin, and the optimal hydrothermal conditions (200 °C, hydrothermal time of 12 h) for the preparation of SC were obtained. Subsequently, SC could effectively load ZVI nanoparticles which displayed high dispersion on the surface of SC and in the pores among SC particles owing to steric hindrance effect. The obtained SCZ displayed a high removal efficiency of 100% within 5 h on Cr(VI) (20 mg/L), and the resultant SCZ-Cr could be conveniently separated from water because of its magnetism. Importantly, SCZ could be loaded in cardboard, and the obtained system could serve as a stable filter for removal of Cr(VI) in water. This work provides a cheap and effective method for Cr(VI) removal, which also greatly facilitates the recycling of waste carton.
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A novel magnetic nanocomposite was synthesized using graphene oxide (GO), polyethylenimine (PEI), and Fe3O4 to removal hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from water and soil. Therein, GO was functionalized with plenty of -NH2 by the modification of PEI through an amidation reaction, and the resulting GO/PEI reacted with FeSO4·7H2O and NaBH4 to obtain RGO/PEI/Fe3O4 (the optimal one is designated as ORPF) through an oxidation-reduction reaction. ORPF could effectively adsorb Cr(VI) through electrostatic attraction, and the adsorbed Cr(VI) ions were partially reduced to trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) with low toxicity by RGO (π electron). Afterward, the resulting ORPF-Cr could be conveniently removed from water with a magnet, achieving the maximum Cr(VI) removal capacity of 266.6 mg/g. Importantly, ORPF, once carried by sponge particles, could efficiently remove Cr(VI) from soil, and the resulting mixture could be facilely collected with a magnet on a filter net. Besides, the leaching experiment suggested that, when supported by filter paper, ORPF was able to decrease the number of leached Cr(VI) ions and meanwhile reduce them to Cr(III). This work provides a promising approach to remediate Cr(VI)-contaminated water and soil using a nanocomposite, which has a huge number of application prospects.
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The translocation domain (T-domain) of diphtheria toxin contains 10 α helices in the aqueous crystal structure. Upon exposure to a planar lipid bilayer under acidic conditions, it inserts to form a channel and transport the attached amino-terminal catalytic domain across the membrane. The TH5, TH8, and TH9 helices form transmembrane segments in the open-channel state, with TH1-TH4 translocated across the membrane. The TH6-TH7 segment also inserts to form a constriction that occupies only a small portion of the total channel length. Here, we have examined the TH5 segment in more detail, using the substituted-cysteine accessibility method. We constructed a series of 23 mutant T-domains with single cysteine residues at positions in and near TH5, monitored their channel formation in planar lipid bilayers, and probed for an effect of thiol-specific reagents added to the solutions on either side of the membrane. For 15 of the mutants, the reagent caused a decrease in single-channel conductance, indicating that the introduced cysteine residue was exposed within the channel lumen. We also found that reaction caused large changes in ionic selectivity for some mutant channels. We determined whether reaction occurred in the open state or in the brief flicker-closed state of the channel. Finally, we compared the reaction rates from either side of the membrane. Our experiments are consistent with the hypotheses that the TH5 helix has a transmembrane orientation and remains helical in the open-channel state; they also indicate that the middle of the helix is aligned with the constriction in the channel.
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Toxina Diftérica/química , Modelos Biológicos , Domínios e Motivos de Interação entre Proteínas , Algoritmos , Cisteína/química , Toxina Diftérica/genética , Toxina Diftérica/metabolismo , Ativação do Canal Iônico , Bicamadas Lipídicas/química , Mutação , Domínios e Motivos de Interação entre Proteínas/genéticaRESUMO
A wormstructured and nanosized porous/hollow polyethyleneimine (PEI) functionalized Gd2O3/Fe3O4 composite was fabricated as a drug carrier and a bioimaging agent. The effect of PEI's chain length on the size and morphology of the nanoworm was investigated and the results indicated that the nanoworm modified with PEI (10,000 molecular weight) (designated as p-nanoworm) possessed a suitable size and a porous/hollow structure. Meanwhile, the p-nanoworm could effectively prevent the leakage of Gd ions under different pH conditions because of plenty of amino groups on their surface. Compared with contrast agents of clinical use, the p-nanoworm displayed MR enhancement with a high r1 relaxivity of 5.58 s(-1) mM(-1) per gadolinium atom. Cisplatin (CDDP), a clinical anticancer drug, could be easily loaded into the pores and lumen of the p-nanoworm (p-nanoworm-CDDP) and also controllably released by adjusting the pH value. Cell assay suggested that the p-nanoworm possessed satisfactory biocompatibility and meanwhile could promote CDDP uptake of HeLa cells and enhance the inhibition effect on HeLa cells. In addition, p-nanoworm-CDDP showed a negligible cytotoxicity on normal human cells, indicating that the side effect of CDDP is reduced. Thus, the p-nanoworm could have a potential application for the diagnosis and therapy of cancer.
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Meios de Contraste , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Nanoestruturas , Polietilenoimina/química , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , TermogravimetriaRESUMO
Dispersion of nanomaterials could influence their functions and suspending capacity in aqueous solution, which could further affect their applications. Therefore, improving the dispersion of nanomaterials was rather significant. Herein, to enhance the dispersion of attapulgite (ATP), a kind of naturally aggregated nanoclay, straw ash-based biochar and biosilica (BCS) with micro/nano porous structure was added to ATP suspension under ultrasonic processing to form ATP-BCS nanocomposites. This approach could effectively decrease the particle size of originally aggregated ATP through steric hindrance effect of BCS and cavitation effect of ultrasound, resulting in a significant improvement of the dispersion and suspension capacity of ATP. Moreover, the ATP-BCS, when added into pesticide, could effectively improve the adhesion of pesticide, so that the loss of pesticide could be decreased and the pollution risk of pesticide could be lowered.
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Carvão Vegetal/química , Compostos de Magnésio/química , Nanoestruturas/química , Praguicidas/química , Compostos de Silício/química , Dióxido de Silício/química , Adesividade , Clorpirifos/química , Porosidade , VolatilizaçãoRESUMO
Traditional pesticides (TP) often do not adhere tightly to crop foliage. They can easily enter the surrounding environment through precipitation and volatilization. This can result in the pollution of the surrounding soil, water, and air. To reduce pesticide pollution, we developed a loss-control pesticide (LCP) by adding attapulgite with a nano networks structure fabricated using high energy electron beam (HEEB) irradiation and hydrothermal treatment to TP. HEEB irradiation effectively dispersed originally aggregated attapulgite through modified thermal, charge, and physical effects. Hydrothermal treatment further enhanced the dispersion of attapulgite to form nano porous networks via thermal and wet expansion effects, which are beneficial for pesticide binding. An LCP has improved retention on crop leaf surfaces. It has a higher adhesion capacity, reduced leaching and volatilization, and extended residual activity compared with the TP formulation. The treatment increases the residual activity of pesticides on crop foliage and decreases environmental pollution.
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Poluição Ambiental/prevenção & controle , Inseticidas/química , Compostos de Magnésio/química , Piretrinas/química , Compostos de Silício/química , Poluentes do Solo/química , Porosidade , VolatilizaçãoRESUMO
Vermiculite and vermiculite modified with hydrochloric acid were investigated to evaluate their flocculation efficiencies in freshwater containing harmful algae blooms (HABs) (Microcystis aeruginosa). Scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, converted fluorescence microscope, plasma-atomic emission spectrometry, and Zetasizer were used to study the flocculation mechanism of modified vermiculite. It was found that the vermiculite modified with hydrochloric acid could coagulate algae cells through charge neutralization, chemical bridging, and netting effect. The experimental results show that the efficiency of flocculation can be notably improved by modified vermiculite. Ninety-eight per cent of algae cells in algae solution could be removed within 10 min after the addition ofmodified vermiculite clay. The method that removal of HABs with modified vermiculite is economical with high efficiency, and more research is needed to assess their ecological impacts before using in practical application.
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Silicatos de Alumínio/química , Água Doce/microbiologia , Proliferação Nociva de Algas , Microcystis/isolamento & purificação , Ultrafiltração/métodos , Poluentes da Água/isolamento & purificação , Purificação da Água/métodos , Adsorção , Água Doce/análise , Água Doce/química , Microcystis/química , Poluentes da Água/químicaRESUMO
Background: Existing studies on the relationship between tea intake and lung diseases have yielded inconsistent results, leading to an ongoing dispute on this issue. The impact of tea consumption on the respiratory system remained elucidating. Materials and methods: We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to evaluate the associations between five distinct tea intake phenotypes and 15 different respiratory outcomes using open Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) was used for preliminary screening and a variety of complementary methods were used as sensitivity analysis to validate the robustness of MR estimates. Pathway enrichment analysis was used to explore possible mechanisms. Results: IVW found evidence for a causal effect of standard tea intake on an increased risk of lung squamous cell cancer (LSCC) (OR = 1.004; 95% CI = 1.001-1.007; P = 0.00299). No heterogeneity or pleiotropy was detected. After adjustment for potential mediators, including smoking, educational attainment, and time spent watching television, the association was still robust in multivariable MR. KEGG and GO enrichment predicted proliferation and activation of B lymphocytes may play a role in this causal relation. No causalities were observed when evaluating the effect of other kinds of tea intake on various pulmonary diseases. Conclusion: Our MR estimates provide causal evidence of the independent effect of standard tea intake (black tea intake) on LSCC, which may be mediated by B lymphocytes. The results implied that the population preferring black tea intake should be wary of a higher risk of LSCC.
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Camellia sinensis , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Análise da Randomização Mendeliana , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , CháRESUMO
In this work, two kinds of primary batteries, both of which included a Zn anode, C rod cathode, copper wire and electrolyte composed of Cd2+-contaminated water or soil, were constructed in the first attempt to both remove Cd2+ and generate electricity. Unlike traditional technologies such as electrokinetic remediation with high energy consumption, this technology could realize Cd2+ migration to aggregation and solidification and generate energy at the same time through simultaneous galvanic reactions. The passive surface of Zn and C was proven via electrochemical measurements to be porous to maintain the relatively active galvanic reactions for continuous Cd2+ precipitation. Cd2+ RE (removal efficiency) and electricity generation were investigated under different conditions, based on which two empirical models were established to predict them successfully. In soil, KCl was added to desorb Cd2+ from soil colloids to promote Cd2+ removal. These systems were also proven to remove Cd2+ efficiently when their effects on plants, zebrafish, and the soil bacterial community were tested. LEDs could be lit for days by utilizing the electricity produced herein. This work provides a novel, green, and low-cost route to remediate Cd2+ contamination and generate electricity simultaneously, which is of extensive practical significance in the environmental and energy fields.
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Highly-stable heavy metal ions (HMIs) appear long-term damage, while the existing remediation strategies struggle to effectively remove a variety of oppositely charged HMIs without releasing toxic substances. Here we construct an iron-copper primary battery-based nanocomposite, with photo-induced protonation effect, for effectively consolidating broad-spectrum HMIs. In FCPBN, Fe/Cu cell acts as the reaction impetus, and functional graphene oxide modified by carboxyl and UV-induced protonated 2-nitrobenzaldehyde serves as an auxiliary platform. Due to the groups and built-in electric fields under UV stimuli, FCPBN exhibits excellent affinity for ions, with a maximum adsorption rate constant of 974.26 gâmg-1âmin-1 and facilitated electrons transfer, assisting to reduce 9 HMIs including Cr2O72-, AsO2-, Cd2+ in water from 0.03 to 3.89 ppb. The cost-efficiency, stability and collectability of the FCPBN during remediation, and the beneficial effects on polluted soil and the beings further demonstrate the splendid remediation performance without secondary pollution. This work is expected to remove multi-HMIs thoroughly and sustainably, which tackles an environmental application challenge.
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Prussian blue (PB) nanozymes are demonstrated as effective therapeutics for ulcerative colitis (UC), yet an unmet practical challenge remains in the scalable production of these nanozymes and uncertainty over their efficacy. With a novel approach, a series of porous manganese-iron PB (MnPB) colloids, which are shown to be efficient scavengers for reactive oxygen species (ROS) including hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion, and hydrogen peroxide, are prepared. In vitro cellular experiments confirm the capability of the nanozyme to protect cells from ROS attack. In vivo, the administration of MnPB nanozyme through gavage at a dosage of 10 mg kg-1 per day for three doses in total potently ameliorates the pathological symptoms of acute UC in a murine model, resulting in mitigated inflammatory responses and improved viability rate. Significantly, the nanozyme produced at a large scale can be achieved at an unprecedented yield weighting ≈11 g per batch of reaction, demonstrating comparable anti-ROS activities and treatment efficacy to its small-scale counterpart. This work represents the first demonstration of the scale-up preparation of PB analog nanozymes for UC without compromising treatment efficacy, laying the foundation for further testing of these nanozymes on larger animals and promising clinical translation.