RESUMO
BACKGROUND Currently, there is no national breast cancer screening program in China. In countries that have screening programs, screening mammography is used. This study aimed to compare the imaging parameters and diagnostic findings between ultrasound and mammography in women at high risk who had a histologically confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer in a population in China. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional observational study included 1,687 women with a risk score of ≥30, according to the cancer risk assessment model, who underwent breast ultrasound and mammography. Women who had a Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) score of 4 or 5 were identified, and 155 women had breast cancer confirmed by breast biopsy and histology. The ultrasound and mammography findings were evaluated and compared. RESULTS Breast ultrasound resulted in significantly fewer inconclusive results (BI-RADS score, 0), when compared with mammography (p=0.046). In cases with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer (BI-RADS score, 4), the diagnostic sensitivity of breast ultrasound and mammography were 0.989 and 0.859, respectively. In cases with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer (BI-RADS score, 5), the diagnostic sensitivity of breast ultrasound and mammography were 1.000 and 0.984, respectively. In cases with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of benign breast lesions (BI-RADS score, 2), there was no significant difference between breast ultrasound and mammography. CONCLUSIONS In a population of women in China, breast ultrasound was a more sensitive diagnostic imaging method for women with high risk BI-RADS 4 and 5 breast lesions.