Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ameliorates hyperuricemia in a novel model.

Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a metabolic syndrome caused by abnormal purine metabolism. Although recent studies have noted a relationship between the gut microbiota and gout, whether the microbiota could ameliorate HUA-associated systemic purine metabolism remains unclear. In this study, we constructed a novel model of HUA in geese and investigated the mechanism by which Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) could have beneficial effects on HUA. The administration of antibiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments were used in this HUA goose model. The effects of LGG and its metabolites on HUA were evaluated in vivo and in vitro. Heterogeneous expression and gene knockout of LGG revealed the mechanism of LGG. Multi-omics analysis revealed that the Lactobacillus genus is associated with changes in purine metabolism in HUA. This study showed that LGG and its metabolites could alleviate HUA through the gut-liver-kidney axis. Whole-genome analysis, heterogeneous expression, and gene knockout of LGG enzymes ABC-type multidrug transport system (ABCT), inosine-uridine nucleoside N-ribohydrolase (iunH), and xanthine permease (pbuX) demonstrated the function of nucleoside degradation in LGG. Multi-omics and a correlation analysis in HUA patients and this goose model revealed that a serum proline deficiency, as well as changes in Collinsella and Lactobacillus, may be associated with the occurrence of HUA. Our findings demonstrated the potential of a goose model of diet-induced HUA, and LGG and proline could be promising therapies for HUA.

Study of environmental risks incurred by leakage of lithium cells to the food chain in a freshwater ecosystem.

Water flea (Daphnia magna) and fish (Carassius auratus) at trophic level were used for comprehensive evaluation of environmental risks incurred by manufactured nanomaterial (nNi(OH)2) as leaked from lithium cells to the food chain in freshwater ecosystem. The 48, 72 and 96 h acute toxicities of water suspensions of nNi(OH)2 to the flea and the fish were tested, using the immobilization and the mortality as toxicological endpoints. The results showed that the water flea was more highly sensitive to nNi(OH)2 than the fish. Then, the fish were exposed to 1.0 mg/L nNi(OH)2 for 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 and 96 h, and the relationship between the concentrations in the water and the fish were described by a bioconcentration factor (BCF). After calculation, lgBCF is 1.61. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was studied after fish were exposed to 1.0 mg/L water suspensions of nNi(OH)2 for 24 h. As proved by electron paramagnetic resonance, nNi(OH)2 may induce the generation of hydroxyl radical in the fish, and nNi(OH)2 as concentrated in the fish may incur redox reaction and produce redox metabolic intermediates. As one of the important toxic mechanisms of nNi(OH)2 to the fish, the oxidative stress mechanism requires further study.

Exosome and Its Function in Central Nervous System / 生物化学与生物物理进展

Exosome is a kind of extracellular vesicles secreted by cells to the outside. Biogenesis mainly involves two invaginations of the cytoplasmic membrane, the formation of multivesicular bodies, and the release of exosomes. Exosomes have abundant and diverse inclusions—including landmark membrane proteins, soluble proteins, various RNA molecules and DNA fragments, etc. Cells can achieve intercellular signal communication by secreting and receiving exosomes. Through interaction of ligand molecules on the exosome membrane with receptors on the surface of other cytoplasmic membranes, exosomes can activate cell signal transduction or fuse with the cell membrane to release its contents into the cytoplasm to exert regulatory functions. In the central nervous system, exosomes secreted by neurons and various glial cells can mediate wired synaptic signal transmission, but mainly play a role similar to neuromodulator by way of volume transmission. In this paper, the biogenesis of exosomes and important functional components are described in detail, and the characteristics of neural exosomes in the biogenesis, content sorting and controlled release are compared with those of synaptic vesicles. We further review the research progress on the physiological functions of neural exosomes on the central nervous system and their roles in the occurrence and development of neurodegenerative diseases and major depressive disorder. We also prospect the application of exosomes in the early diagnosis and targeted therapy of nervous system diseases.

Possible mechanisms of type 2 diabetes mellitus improvement via exercise-induced changes in gut microbiota composition and metabolites / 中国免疫学杂志

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a common chronic metabolic disease,while there is no consistent conclusion on the pathogenesis of T2DM.With the innovation of microecological research technology,intestinal dysbiosis is considered to be one of the causes of T2DM.Exercise is one of the effective means of diabetes management,while mechanism of regulating glucose metabo-lism still has many problems to be solved.In recent years,people have found that exercise can improve the intestinal environment and intestinal flora.This article will review the research on the influence and mechanism of exercise on T2DM based on intestinal flora,aiming to provide new ideas for exploring how exercise can improve T2DM in the future.

Famine exposure during early life and risk of metabolic syndrome in adulthood in China: a meta-analysis / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective:To analyze the relationship between early-life famine exposure and the risk of metabolic syndrome in Chinese population.Methods:Relevant literature on the relationship between early-life famine exposure and the risk of metabolic syndrome in the Chinese population was retrieved from databases such as CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CBM, Web of Science, and PubMed. The search was conducted from the inception of the databases up to October 2022. Two researchers independently extracted and systematically evaluated the data from the literature, and meta-analysis was performed using Stata 16.0 software. Results:A total of 12 publications met the inclusion criteria, including 71 470 study subjects. Meta-analysis results showed that early-life famine exposure increased the risk of metabolic syndrome in the Chinese population( OR=1.28, 95% CI 1.16-1.40). Subgroup analysis showed that both fetal famine exposure( OR=1.25, 95% CI 1.03-1.52) and childhood famine exposure( OR=1.29, 95% CI 1.15-1.45) increased the risk of developing metabolic syndrome compared to the non-exposed group, and this significant association was only found in the female population. Conclusion:Early-life exposure to famine may increase the risk of developing metabolic syndrome in adulthood in the Chinese population, particularly among females.

Study on the correlation between xanthelasma palpebrarum and the genetic factor of hypercholesterolemia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the correlation between xanthelasma palpebrarum(XP)and the genetic factor of hypercholesterolemia and provide a basis for the elucidation of the pathogenesis of xanthelasma palpebrarum.METHODS: A total of 29 patients with XP who treated in the ophthalmology department of Foshan Sanshui District People's Hospital from November 2019 to January 2021 were selected. Peripheral blood was drawn, and the Next Generation Sequencing(NGS)technology was used to detect the genetic mutations of patients, while blood lipids of XP patients were analyzed.RESULTS: Gene mutations were detected in 21 patients with XP, among which 13 cases had hypercholesterolemia and 8 cases had normal cholesterol levels. Genes including STAP1, APOB, LDLRAP1, LDLR, PCSK9 and APOE mutated, and the types of gene mutation included 3-UTR mutation, in-frame deletion, missense mutation, 5-UTR mutation, synonymous mutation, intronic mutation, alternative splice variant, non coding transcript exon variant, and non coding transcript variant.CONCLUSION: There is a correlation between genetic factors of hypercholesterolemia and XP.

Etiological analysis and epidemiological significance of plague in Qinghai, 1980-2011 / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To analyze the pathogenic characteristics and epidemiological significance of human plague related strains in Qinghai Province in recent 30 years, so as to provide scientific basis for on-the-spot disposal and prevention and control measures of plague outbreak in Qinghai Province. Methods　A total of 35 strains of Yersinia pestis isolated from 29 typical human plague outbreaks in Qinghai Province from 1980 to 2011 were selected and studied by biochemical fermentation experiments. Virulence factors detection of Fraction 1 antigen (Fra1), virulence antigen (VW), pigmentation (Pgm) and Yersinia pestis Ⅰ (PstⅠ), determinants and genotyping of differential regions (DFRs) were used to study the pathogenic characteristics. At the same time, according to the epidemic situation of human and animal plague in Qinghai Province in recent years, the current situation of plague prevention and control and epidemic characteristics were analyzed. Results　The biotypes of 35 strains of Yersinia pestis were classical, and the biotypes of 29 strains (82.86%) were of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau type, mainly distributed in southern Qinghai and around lake areas, 2 strains (5.71%) belonged to Qilian Mountains type, mainly distributed in Qilian mountains, and 6 genotypes were identified by DFR. Among them, 16 were type 5, 12 were type 8, 2 were type 10, 1 was type 36, 3 were type 30 and 1 was type 1b, the strains of type 5 and 1b were mainly distributed around the lake and the southern foot of Qilian Mountains, while the strains of type 8, 10, 36 and 30 were mainly distributed in the southern part of Qinghai. Conclusions　The pathogen of Yersinia pestis in Qinghai Plateau has complex biochemical types, the epidemic situation among animals is continuous year after year, the situation of prevention and control is serious, the occurrence and prevalence of plague seriously endanger people's health and social development, so it is necessary to do a solid job in the prevention and control of plague to ensure the safety of people's lives.

[Study of the methods of wavelet feature extraction and neural network classification of fluorescence spectra to improve the diagnostic rate of colonic earlier stage cancer].

In order to improve the diagnostic rate of earlier stage colonic cancer with laser-induced 5-ALA-Pp IX fluorescence spectra, a novel method of extraction of fluorescence spectral feature using wavelet analysis and classification using artificial neural network trained with resilient back-propagation algorithm (R-BPNN) was developed. 504 spectra were collected from 8 normal SD rats, and 20 1,2-DMH-induced SD colon cancer models and 12 second generation rats of induced rats. 150 min later trail intravenous injections of 5-ALA dose of 25 mg x kg(-1) body weight (BW), and fluorescence spectra excited with 370 nm Ti-laser were collected in vivo. After preprocessing, 12 feature variants were extracted with wavelet analysis. With R-BPNN, all spectra were classified into two categories: normal or abnormal, which included dysplasia, early carcinoma (EC) and advanced carcinoma (AC). The sensitivity and specificity were 98.91% and 97.2% respectively. The accuracy of discriminating dysplasia, early carcinoma, and advanced carcinoma from normal tissue were 91.3%, 98.9% and 98.8 respectively. The result indicated that this method could effectively and easily diagnoses earlier stage colonic carcinomas.

Effects of different types of exercise on type 2 diabetes risk in patients with pre-diabetes: One 2-year prospective randomized controlled study / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective:To evaluate the impacts of resistance training(RT)and aerobic training(AT)for 24 months on the risk of type 2 diabetes in patients with pre-diabetes.Methods:Two hundred forty-eight pre-diabetic patients were enrolled in this multi-center randomized controlled trial. All patients were randomly divided into 3 groups: RT( n=82), AT( n=83), and control( n=83)groups. The participants in RT and AT groups undertook moderate RT or AT 3 times a week(150 minutes/week)under supervision in 3 research centers for 24 months. Elastic bands were used in each session of RT, with intensity of 60% 1RM(maximum weight that muscle can lift at once). Patients in AT group performed aerobic dance at 60%-70% of maximum heart rate. Assessments for each subject were made at baseline and by the end of 6, 12 and 24 months. Primary outcomes were changes in the risk of type 2 diabetes. Secondary outcomes included changes in blood glucose, blood lipids, and blood pressure. Results:There were 217, 206, and 173 subjects who completed the follow-up of 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. The mean ages of RT, AT, and control groups at baseline were(59.91±5.92), (60.93±5.71), and(60.73±5.83)years. Compared to control group, both RT and AT groups revealed a significant reduction in HbA 1C( P<0.05), and a significant increase in homeostasis model assessment for β-cell function index(HOMA2-β, P<0.01)by the end of 12 and 24 months. Adjusted for age, gender, statin use, lipid profile, blood pressure, and body mass index, COX regression analysis showed that RT and AT reduced the risk of type 2 diabetes by 55.6%( P=0.012)and 59.8%( P=0.010). Conclusions:This study demonstrates that 24-month moderate RT and AT have comparable effects on reducing insulin resistance, improving β-cell function, blood glucose and lipid, and reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes.

Effect of 2-year resistance exercises on cardiovascular disease risk in prediabetes patients / 中华内科杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of a 2-year resistance and aerobic training on reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with prediabetes.Methods:A total of 248 patients with prediabetes were enrolled from Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from January to April 2014, and Danyang People′s Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from May to December 2014.Based on random number table method, the patients were divided into 3 groups: the resistance training group (RT group, 82 cases), the aerobic training group (AT group, 83 cases) and control group (83 cases). Participants in the RT group and the AT group underwent a total of 24 months of exercise training. Changes in indicators (blood glucose,blood lipid, etc.) at baseline and the end of 12 and 24 months among the groups were compared.Results:After intervention, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), blood pressure and homeostasis model 2 insulin resistance index (HOMA2-IR) in the RT and AT groups tended to decrease, and the steady state model 2 β cell function index (HOMA2-β) tended to increase. At the end of 24 months, HbA1c [5.80 (5.43, 6.20) %, 5.70 (5.50, 6.00)% vs. 6.20 (5.70, 6.60) %, all P≤ 0.01], LDL-C [3.07 (2.69, 3.58) mmol/L, 2.97 (2.62, 3.95) mmol/L vs. 3.21(2.54, 3.78) mmol/L, all P<0.05] and HOMA2-IR [0.96 (0.82, 1.47), 1.20 (0.99, 1.43) vs. 1.34 (1.09, 1.51), all P<0.05] were significantly decreased in the RT and AT groups than in the control group. In addition, HOMA2-β [84.50 (60.55, 107.33), 93.00 (78.60, 119.75) vs. 53.40 (37.70, 80.40), all P = 0.001] was significantly increased in the AT and RT groups compared with that in the control group. There were no significant differences in triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoproteincholesterol (HDL-C) levels between the training groups and the control group (all P>0.05). After adjusting for age, sex and blood pressure, the cardiovascular risk of prediabetes was significantly reduced in RT ( P =0.017) and AT groups ( P =0.018). The Cox regression analyses showed that both the resistance training (HR=0.419, 95 %CI =0.415-0.942, P=0.037) and the aerobic training ( HR=0.310, 95 %CI=0.447-0.866, P=0.026) were protective factors for cardiovascular disease in prediabetic patients after adjustment of age, sex, statins, body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio, which reduced the risks of cardiovascular disease in prediabetic patients by 58.1% and 69.0%, respectively. Conclusions:Two years of aerobic and resistance training interventions have obvious advantages on glycemic and insulin resistance control in prediabetes patients. The resistance training can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, and it is, thus, recommended for prediabetic patients without obvious exercise contraindications.

[Study of a multivariate statistical 5-ALA-based discrimination method for fluorescence spectra of colonic tissue of SD rats].

In order to diagnosis colon early cancer with laser-induced 5-ALA-PpIX fluorescence spectra, a multivariate statistical method to distinguish these fluorescence spectra acquired in vivo was developed. 343 spectra were collected from 8 normal SD rats, and 20 1,2-DMH-induced SD colon cancer models, and 12 second generation rats of induced rats. 150 min after trail intravenous injections of 5-ALA at a dose of 25 mg x kg(-1) BW, fluorescence spectra excited with 370 nm Ti-laser were collected in vivo. All spectra were divided into a calibration group and a prediction group. After preprocessing, 4 principal components were extracted with PCA. And then, discrimination models were built by stepwise multivariate logistic regression (SMLR) on calibration group. 3 pathological styles were combined each other, and then 3 SMLR models were derived. Normal tissues were classified from early cancers and advanced cancers with sensitivity of 100% and 98.4%, and specificity of 96% and 100%, and accuracy of 98% and 99.2% on prediction group, respectively. The multivariate statistical discrimination method of PCA and SMLR together can effectively distinguish normal tissues from early cancers and advanced cancers with high sensitivity and specificity by means of systemic 5-ALA at low dose. Laser induced fluorescence 5-ALA-based technique is promising for the detection of colonic early cancer.

Research progress of the relationship between endothelial progenitor cells and cardiovascular complications in diabetes / 医学研究生学报

70% to 80% of people with diabetes died from cardiovascular complications, which had become the leading cause of death in diabetic patients. Cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients are mainly associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction and poor neovascularization. Its important influencing factors are changes in the number of endothelial progenitor cells and dysfunction. Hyperglycemia in diabetic patients can cause endothelial progenitor cell dysfunction, inhibit its proliferation ability, angiogenesis ability and paracrine effect. In order to provide research ideas for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients, this article aims to review the relevant mechanism of the effect of hyperglycemia on the number and function of endothelial progenitor cells in patients with diabetes, and the application of endothelial progenitor cells in the treatment of diabetic cardiovascular disease.

Antimicrobial and anti-tumor activities of endophytes from Lycium barbarum of Ningxia / 中国中药杂志

The antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity in vitro of the fermentation broth of 10 endophytic strains isolated from Lycium barbarum were determined to screen high activity endophytic strains. Sequences analysis of ITS and 16S rDNA was used for molecular identification of the strains. The results showed that 5 endophytic fungi had no inhibitory activity against the tested pathogens. Endophytic actinomycete strain AL6 had a certain inhibitory effect on 3 kinds of pathogenic fungi, and strain AL5 only had strong inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus. However, the anti-tumor activity of endophytic fungi was significantly higher than that of actinomycetes. Four endophytic fungi strains exhibited the growth inhibition rate of above 50% against at least one of the tested tumor cells when the concentration of fermentation broth was 0.2 g•L⁻¹. Sequences analysis showed that 5 endophytic fungi strains belonged to genus Aspergillus, Penicillium and Emericella, and the 5 endophytic actinomycetes strains belonged to genus Aspergillus, Penicillium and Emericella. Aspergillus strain FL1 had stronger inhibitory activity against A549 and HeLa cells, and the IC₅₀ values were 0.022，0.028 g•L⁻¹, respectively, which was worthy of further study.

Systemic Therapy after Radiotherapy Significantly Reduces the Risk of Mortality of Patients with 1-3 Brain Metastases: A Retrospective Study of 250 Patients / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>For patients with a brain metastasis (BM), systemic therapy is usually administered after the completion of radiotherapy, especially in cases of multiple BMs. However, the role of systemic therapy in patients with a limited number of BMs is not clear. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective study to explore this question.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Consecutive patients with a pathologically confirmed malignancy and 1-3 intracranial lesions that had been documented within the last decade were selected from the databases of three hospitals in China.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 250 patients were enrolled; of them, 135 received radiotherapy alone and 115 received radiotherapy plus systemic therapy. In patients receiving whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) as radiotherapy, 28 received WBRT alone and 35 patients received WBRT plus systemic therapy. Of the patients treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), 107 received SRS alone and 80 received SRS plus systemic therapy. Multivariate analysis revealed that systemic therapy significantly reduced the risk of mortality compared with radiotherapy alone (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.294, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.158-0.548). Further, when the analysis was conducted in subgroups of WBRT (HR = 0.230, 95% CI = 0.081-0.653) or SRS (HR = 0.305, 95% CI = 0.127-0.731), systemic therapy still showed the ability to reduce the risk of mortality in patients with BMs.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Systemic therapy after either SRS or WBRT radiotherapy may significantly reduce the risk of mortality of patients with 1-3 BMs.</p>

Intervention of empowerment with multi-stage change theory on diet behavior for the influence of metabolic indices in patients with diabetes / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the influence of different educational methods on the metabolic indices in patients with diabetes .Methods A total of 218 patients with diabetes in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University were ran-domized divided into two groups .Different intervention ways were used :patients in the control group received conventional educa-tional methods ,while patients in experiment group received the educational methods combined with empowerment and multi-stage theory of change .The C-DES-SF scale scores and the HbA1c ,FPG ,2 h PG ,TC ,TG ,LDL ,HDL indices was compared between the two groups .Results Indices and empowered ability of HbA1c ,FPG ,2 h PG ,TC ,LDL were changed in accordance with time .As compared with control group ,the educational method in intervention group had better change of FPG ,2 h PG ,TC ,LDL(P< 0 .05) . Indices and empowered ability of HbA1c ,FPG ,2 h PG ,TC ,LDL had inter-action with time ,and indexes in intervention group were better than those in the control group(P< 0 .05) .At the 3rd and 6th month after invention in the intervention group ,patients in movement stage and movement maintaining stage were higher than those in control group(P< 0 .05) .Conclusion Well correction of bad diet behaviors by application of educational methods of combined with empowerment and multi-stage theory of change for the type 2 diabetes patients would help the patients to improve the ability of self-care and control the level of metabolic indices .

Chromosomal and Genetic Analysis of a Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Line OM / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Lung cancer has become the leading cause of death in many regions. Carcinogenesis is caused by the stepwise accumulation of genetic and chromosomal changes. The aim of this study was to investigate the chromosome and gene alterations in the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line OM.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We used Giemsa banding and multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization focusing on the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line OM to analyze its chromosome alterations. In addition, the gains and losses in the specific chromosome regions were identified by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and the amplifications of cancer-related genes were also detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>We identified a large number of chromosomal numerical alterations on all chromosomes except chromosome X and 19. Chromosome 10 is the most frequently involved in translocations with six different interchromosomal translocations. CGH revealed the gains on chromosome regions of 3q25.3-28, 5p13, 12q22-23.24, and the losses on 3p25-26, 6p25, 6q26-27, 7q34-36, 8p22-23, 9p21-24, 10q25-26.3, 12p13.31-13.33 and 17p13.1-13.3. And PCR showed the amplification of genes: Membrane metalloendopeptidase (MME), sucrase-isomaltase (SI), butyrylcholinesterase (BCHE), and kininogen (KNG).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The lung adenocarcinoma cell line OM exhibited multiple complex karyotypes, and chromosome 10 was frequently involved in chromosomal translocation, which may play key roles in tumorigenesis. We speculated that the oncogenes may be located at 3q25.3-28, 5p13, 12q22-23.24, while tumor suppressor genes may exist in 3p25-26, 6p25, 6q26-27, 7q34-36, 8p22-23, 9p21-24, 10q25-26.3, 12p13.31-13.33, and 17p13.1-13.3. Moreover, at least four genes (MME, SI, BCHE, and KNG) may be involved in the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line OM.</p>

Screening and identification of antioxidant endophytes from Lycium barbarum of Ningxia / 中国中药杂志

In this paper, 29 endophytes were isolated from different organs and tissues of Lycium barbarum of Ningxia by tablet coating method, 18 of them was fungi, and 11 of them was actinomycetes. The endophytes quantity in the different tissues were leaves > flowers > roots >fruits; The hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of 11 endophytes were investigated by Fenton reaction, and total antioxidant capacities of them were examined by a. total antioxidant capacity test kit; culture features and strain-specific sequence analysis were employed to explore the diversity of the 11 endophytes. The result showed that 5 fungi and 6 actinomycetes that having antioxidant activity could be phylogenetically classified into 3 genera, 3 genera and 3 families, respectively. The total antioxidant capacity and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of the 11 endophytes showed distinct difference. The antioxidant activity of Aspergillus were stronger, among which total antioxidant capacity of fL1 was (188.5 ± 0.549) U · mL⁻¹ and the IC₅₀ was 0.3 mg · L⁻¹; the IC₅₀ of strain fL1 was 0.42 mg · L⁻¹ and the total antioxidant capacity of fL9 was (113.63 ± 1.021) U · mL⁻¹, all of them were stronger than the positive control Vit C. The experimental results indicated that endophytic fungi of L. barbarum of Ningxia have a great developing and application prospect for the development of antioxidant agent.

Clinical analysis of rhytidoplasty on 1 028 facial parts by injecting Sunmax / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To investigate the short and long term effects of Sunmax injection for the rhytidoplasty on different parts of the fa-cial wrinkles. Methods 1 028 face lift patients were collected from January 2007 to December 2011 who admitted to our plastic surgery de-partment,236 cases of male,792 cases of female,with an average age of 48. 7 (21~72)years old. According to different drug injection sites, all the patients were divided into 5 groups:wrinkles between eyebrows,the forehead wrinkles,nasolabial fold wrinkles, crow's feet,nose wrin-kles. The rhytidoplasty effects of 5 groups a day,1 month,3 months,6 months,9 months after injection were observed and compared. Further-more,the short and long term effects of the Sunmax injections were integrated to analyze. Results After Sunmax injection,a variety of skin wrinkles and sags disappeared;1 month after injection,wrinkles did not appear;3~6 months after injection,the effects was still as the same as the day after injection. 9 months after injection,the effects for the forehead wrinkles and crow's feet was slightly diminished. Conclusion Sunmax injection is an emerging technology to remove facial wrinkles,which has been widelymused inmour department for severalmyears and got patients' postoperative satisfaction. It is worth spreading for rhytidoplasty.

The pathogenic ecology research on plague in Qinghai plateau / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the pathogenic ecology characteristics of plague in Qinghai plateau.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Applied molecular biology techniques, conventional technologies and geographic information system (GIS) to study phenotypic traits, plasmid spectrum, genotype, infected host and media spectrum etc.of 952 Yersinia pestis strains in Qinghai plateau plague foci, which were separated from different host and media in different regions during 1954 to 2012.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The ecotypes of these strains were Qingzang plateau (91.49%, 871/952),Qilian mountain (6.41%, 61/952) and Microtus fuscus (1.26%, 12/952).83.6% (796/952) of these strains contained all the 4 virulence factors (Fr1, Pesticin1,Virulence antigen, and Pigmentation), 93.26% (367/392) were velogenic strains confirmed by virulence test.725 Yersinia pestis strains were separated from Qinghai plateau plague foci carried 9 kinds of plasmid, among which 713 strains from Marmot himalayan plague foci carried 9 kinds of plasmid, the Mr were 6×10(6), 7×10(6), 23×10(6), 27×10(6), 30×10(6), 45×10(6), 52×10(6), 65×10(6) and 92×10(6) respectively. 12 Yersinia pestis strains were separated from Microtus fuscus plague foci carried only 3 kinds of plasmid, the Mr were 6×10(6), 45×10(6), 65×10(6). Meanwhile, the strains carrying large plasmid (52×10(6), 65×10(6) and 92×10(6)) were only distributed in particular geographical location, which had the category property. The research also confirmed that 841 Yersinia pestis strains from two kinds of plague foci in Qinghai plateau had 11 genomovars. The strains of Marmot himalayan plague foci were given priority to genomovar 5 and 8, amounted to 611 strains, genomovar 8 accounted for 56.00% (471/841), genomovar 5 accounted for 23.07% (194/841). Besides, 3 new genomovars, including new 1(62 strains), new 2(52 strains), new 3(48 strains) were newly founded, and 12 strains of Microtus fuscus plague foci were genomovar 14.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The main host and media of Qinghai plateau plague foci directly affected the spatial distribution regularities of plague epidemic and the pathogens characteristics, meanwhile the polymorphism of plague ecological geographic landscape leds to the complexity of Yersinia pestis' genotype.</p>

Prevention and treatment of the complications of auricle reconstruction / 中华医学美学美容杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the treatment and prevention of auricle reconstruction complications by Medpor framework and autoallergic rib cartilage framework implantation.Methods A total of 158 microtia were performed ear reconstructive operation,in which postoperative complications happened in 18 cases during January 2003 to June 2011,and studied retrospectively.Results There were three cases of dilator haematoma (incidence rate was 1.90 ％),and they were cured after treatment.There were two dilator infection cases (incidence rate was 1.27 ％).One case was cured after treatment,and another one revealed no effect after treatment and dilator implantation operation was done half a year later.There were thirteen cases of framework plantation exposure and infection after Ⅱ stage operation,in which there were seven rib cartilage framework cases (incidence rate was 5.79 ％),and they were cured after change dressings and operation; there were six Medpor framework cases (incidence rate was 16.22 ％),and the three cases were cured after change dressings and operation,and other three cases revealed no effects after change dressings and so the operation failed.ConclusionsPreoperative percise plan and fine manipulation can decrease the incidence of haematoma.The main reasons of framework exposure include the skin tension,thin skin flap or the effect of external force.On account of the high incidence of framework exposure and difficult treatemnt,it is better to use rib cartilage framework for uricle reconstruction.