A new classification for epidemiological study of mechanical eye injuries.

OBJECTIVE: Considering the difficulty in classifying some cases with eye trauma by Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology (BETT) in our epidemiological study, we introduce a new classification for epidemiological study of mechanical eye injuries based on BETT. METHODS: A retrospective investigation was carried out in 31 hospitals from January 2005 to December 2010. All medical records of inpatients with eye injuries were reviewed. A total of 10 718 patients (11 227 eyes) were diagnosed as mechanical eye injuries. All mechanical eye injuries were tried to be classified using BETT. While some eye injuries were difficult to categorize. We recorded the injury type and case number. A new classification based on BETT was also used for the same project. RESULTS: Of 10 718 patients (11 227 eyes) with mechanical eye injuries, the following cases cannot be classified by BETT: 1 488 patients (1 559 eyes) with merely orbital or ocular adnexa injury, 1 961 (2 054) globe injuries associated with orbital or ocular adnexa injury, 271 (284) ocular surface foreign body (OSFB) or ocular wall foreign body (OWFB), 77 (89) contusion, 9 (11) lamellar laceration associated with OSFB or OWFB, 29 (30) rupture associated with OSFB, OWFB or intraocular foreign body and 60 (62) lace- ration associated with OSFB or OWFB. While according to our new classification, all eye injuries can be categorized without any difficulty. CONCLUSION: Difficulty in classifying some eye injuries in epidemiological study by BETT brings some trouble to our study, which can be solved by our new eye injury classification to some extent. It is hoped that other ophthalmologists present better ones to make the classification more perfect.

Laser in situ keratomileusis surgery is not safe for military personnel.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between eye injury and laser in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery in military personnel. METHODS: This retrospective study collected the data from 27 evacuation hospitals of Chinese army. All medical records of eye injuries in military personnel admitted to the 27 hospitals between January 2006 and December 2010 were reviewed. Patients'detailed information was analyzed, including the injury time, place, type, cause, as well as examination, treatment and outcome. RESULTS: There were 72 eye-injured patients who had been treated by LASIK before. The incidence was rising year by year. Among them, 69 patients were diagnosed with mechanical ocular injury and 3 with non-mechanical ocular injury; 29 patients had traumatic flap-related complications and 21 patients need surgery. There was statistical difference when compared with those having no refractive surgery history. Visual acuity recovered well at discharge. CONCLUSION: There is a high risk of potential traumatic flap problems after LASIK and it is not recommended in army service.

Epidemiology of eye injuries sustained by military personnel in China.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of eye injuries sustained by military personnel in Chinese army. METHODS: Eleven military evacuation hospitals located in different regions were selected for this study. We reviewed all the medical records of eye injuries sustained by military personnel between January 2005 and December 2009. Patients'information was collected. All data were put into database and analyzed statistically. RESULTS: Totally there were 415 inpatients with eye injuries (442 eyes) and their mean age was 24.40 years. Eye injury accounts for 13.51% of all eye diseases in this study. From 2006 to 2009, the number of eye injury increased gradually. Among them, 175 (42.17%) were injured in leisure time, and 145 (34.94%) in working time. Twenty-two (5.30%) patients had an eye surgery or history of eye disease before injury. In all, 246 patients (59.28%) were sent to evacuation hospital within 24 hours and 64 (56.64%) underwent surgeries in 24 hours after injury. There were 389 patients (93.73%) hospitalized for 1 time. Visual acuities of 187 eyes (42.31%) were grade 1 (larger than or equal to 20/40) after injury. When discharge, 349 eyes (78.96%) obtained a visual acuity of grade 1. CONCLUSION: Eye injury has a very frequent incidence in Chinese army and much more attention should be paid to prevent it.

Therapeutic observation of subcutaneous pedicle screw-rod system with modified placement for Tile B pelvic fractures / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the feasibility and therapeutic effect of subcutaneous pedicle screw-rod system with modified placement in treatment of Tile B pelvic fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From June 2014 to August 2015, 14 patients with Tile B pelvic fractures were treated by subcutaneous pedicle screw-rod system with modified placement in the anterior inferior iliac spine and pubic tubercle. There were 8 males and 6 females, aged from 23 to 65 years with an average of 42 years. Operative time, intraoperative blood loss, fracture healing and postoperative complication were observed and clinical effects were evaluated by Matta reduction standard and Majeed score.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up from 8 to 15 months with an average of 10.5 months. Operative time was 25 to 45 min with an average of 32 min;intraoperative blood loss was 10 to 35 ml with an average of 18 ml. All fractures got primary healing and healed time was 9 to 14 weeks with an average of 12.5 weeks. No postoperative incision infection, internal fixation failure and ectopic ossification were found, 4 cases occurred unilateral lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury and 1 case occurred unilateral femoral nerve paralysis, but all restored finally. According to Matta criteria, reduction was excellent in 7 cases, good in 5 cases, fair in 2 case. According to Majeed score system, the functional evaluation at last follow-up was excellent in 5 cases, good in 7 cases, fair in 2 cases with the average score of 81.50±8.05.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Subcutaneous pedicle screw-rod system with modified placement in the anterior inferior iliac spine and pubic tubercle have advantages of strong reduction, less trauma and complications, and is a promising surgical method in the treatment of Tile B pelvic fractures.</p>

Neuroprotection of retinal ganglion cells with GDNF-Loaded biodegradable microspheres in experimental glaucoma.

Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide, and also the most common optic neuropathy. The ultimate cause of vision loss in glaucoma is thought to be retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. Neuroprotection of RGC is therefore an important goal of glaucoma therapy. Currently, glaucoma treatment relies on pharmacologic or surgical reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP). It is critical to develop treatment approaches that actively prevent the death of RGCs at risk in glaucoma. Neurotrophic factors have the ability to promote the survival and influence the growth of neurons. Neurotrophic factor deprivation has been proposed as one mechanism leading to RGC death in glaucoma. Effective neuroprotection in glaucoma likely requires the consistent availability of the active agent for prolonged periods of time. Biodegradable microspheres are especially attractive as drug delivery vehicles for a number of reasons. Sustained GDNF delivery by biodegradable microspheres offers significant neuroprotection to injured RGC in experimental glaucoma. PLGA microsphere-delivered GDNF represents an important neuroprotective strategy in the treatment of glaucomatous optic neuropathy and provides direction for further investigations of this hypothesis.