[Applying Big Data in Smart Healthcare].

People have traditionally associated being 'not ill' with being 'healthy'. This concept has changed due to the improvement of Taiwan's population structure, advances in medical care, and better education. The word 'health' is defined by the World Health Organization as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. In the future, people in Taiwan must address the challenges of population aging and create a society oriented to the long-term care needs of its citizens. People have different healthcare requirements during the respective stages of healthy, sub-healthy, and disability. Advancing technology has allowed the creation of many healthcare applications such as "health big data" that incorporate Internet of things (IoT) capabilities. Applying artificial intelligence opens many new possibilities and solutions. This article was written to introduce the application of big data techniques in smart healthcare that are appropriate to the three stages of healthy, sub-healthy, and disability.

Radiotherapy concurrent versus sequential with endocrine therapy in breast cancer: A meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: This study compared treatment outcomes of radiotherapy concurrent with endocrine therapy and radiotherapy sequential with endocrine therapy in breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eligible studies of radiotherapy concurrent and sequential with endocrine therapy in breast cancer were retrieved through extensive searches of the PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane library, FEBM, FMJS, Web of science, Wiley, CBM, CNKI, Wang fang, Cqvip databases from 2000 to 2014. Original English and Chinese publications of radiotherapy concurrent and sequential with endocrine therapy in breast cancer were included. The primary endpoint was radiation-induced toxicity including upper than grade 2 skin related toxicity, radiation pneumonia and pulmonary fibrosis; the second endpoint was survival date, including local recurrence, distant metastasis, 5-year OS, 10-year OS. RESULTS: Eleven eligible trials were identified, six in English and five in Chinese. Totally, there were 1291 women in concurrent groups, and 1179 in sequential groups. Statistical analysis showed that there was no statistical difference between concurrent and sequential groups in skin related toxicity (RR 1.20, 95% CI 0.92-1.56, P = 0.17), radiation pneumonia (RR 1.11, 95% CI 0.46-2.70, P = 0.81) and pulmonary fibrosis (RR 1.35, 95% CI 0.75-2.41, P = 0.32). Meanwhile, no statistical difference was found in survival data, (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.79-1.28, P = 0.26), (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.66-1.12, P = 0.27) in local recurrence and distant metastasis respectively, (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.96-1.06, P = 0.65), (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.93-1.02, P = 0.32) in 5-year and 10-year overall survival respectively. Stratification analysis was proceeded, grouped by tamoxifen and AI in different treatment timing, however, no statistical difference was found in radiation-induced toxicity and survival outcomes. CONCLUSION: Radiotherapy concurrent with endocrine therapy didn't increase or decrease neither the incidence of radiation-induced toxicity nor the survival rate compared with that of sequential group; Endocrine therapy drugs didn't influence outcomes in different treatment timing.

Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on the function of alveolar polymorphonuclear neutrophils in severe acute pancreatitis rats complicated with lung injury / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) on the function of alveolar polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) rats complicated with lung injury (LI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-eight adult SD rats were randomly divided into three groups, i.e., the sham-operation group, the SAP group, and the GBE treatment group, 16 in each group. The SAP model was successfully induced by retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate solution into the biliopancreatic duct. Rats in the sham-operation group only received flipping of the duodenum. Those in the GBE treatment group received GBE intervention based on SAP model. Equal volume of normal saline was given to rats in the sham-operation group and the SAP group. Rats were sacrificed at 6 and 12 h after operation respectively. The lung tissue was sampled to evaluate the LI score. The wet/dry ratio (W/D) of lung tissues was detected. The activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) was measured. Alveolar PMN was harvested by bronchoalveolar lavage. The content of neutrophil elastase (NE) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was measured by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). The percentage of CD11b/CD18 double positive PMN was detected using flow cytometry. The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and NE protein in the lung tissue was detected by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the sham-operation group, significant pathologic lesion occurred in the lung tissue of rats in the SAP group; the pathologic LI score, lung tissue W/D ratio, MPO, and NE content in BALF significantly increased, the expression of ICAM-1 and NE in the lung tissue was obviously up-regulated, and the percentage of CD11b/CD18 double positive PMN significantly increased (P < 0.01). Compared with the SAP group, pathological lesion of the lung tissue was obviously attenuated, and the above indices were all significantly declined in the GBE treatment group (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Expression of ICAM-1 in the lung tissue and the percentage of D11b/ CD18 double positive PMN were up-regulated in SAP rats complicated with LI, resulting in the adherence of PMN to pulmonary vascular endothelial cells, and then activating PMN to release NE and aggravate LI. GBE could alleviate LI through down-regulating the expression ICAM-1 and CD11b/CD18, and hindering the adherence and activation of PMN to pulmonary vascular endothelial cells.</p>

Feasibility of permanent maxillary tooth removal using articaine anesthesia without palatal injection / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study was to test the feasibility of permanent maxillary tooth removal using articaine without a second palatal injection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Of 104 patients, 38 patients had bilateral extraction and 66 patients had unilateral extraction of maxillary tooth. In the test group, 1.7 mL articaine with 1:100000 epinephrine was injected into the buccal vestibule of the tooth and the tooth were extracted after 5 minutes. In the control group, the patients were subjected to both palatal injection with 2% lidocaine hydrochloride and buccal injection with articaine. All patients completed visual analog scales (VAS) after extraction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The achievement ratio of permanent maxillary tooth anesthesia of test group was 96.2%. The achievement ratio of permanent maxillary tooth anesthesia of control group was 97.1%. There was no statistical significance between achievement ratio of test group and control group(P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Permanent maxillary tooth removal without palatal injection is possible by articaine injection to the buccal vestibule of the tooth.</p>

Clinical study on the abutment periodontal condition with extracoronal attachment denture / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the abutment periodontium condition after restored with the distal-extension extracoronal attachment dentures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>20 mandibular distal-extension cases were followed up, to measure the gingival index (GI) and plaque index (PLI) of the distant-abutments before restored with attachment dentures and after restored for one month, six months and one year; to compare the length of distant alveolar bone before restored with that after restored one year by taking digital stomatology tomogram photos.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were not significantly different in the PLI of distant-abutment between before repaired and after repaired one month, six months, one year (P > 0.05). There were not significantly different in the GI of distant-abutment between before repaired and after repaired one month, six months (P > 0.05), but the GI of distant-abutment after repaired one year was significantly higher than that before repaired (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences on the length of distant alveolar bone in distant-abutment before repaired and after repaired one year(P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is important to protect the periodontal health of the abutment when restored with distal-extension extracoronal attachment dentures. It is necessary to examine periodically after restored in order to keep the periodontal health of the abutment.</p>

Experimental study of the bioresorbable collagen membrane used for guided bone regeneration around dental implants / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of using guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique with an bioresorbable collagen membrane for repairing bone defects around dental implants.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In 12 mongrel dogs, pure titanium implants were immediately implanted in mandibles after extraction of the mandibular third and fourth premolars of both sides, in which standard bone defects of 3 mm x 3 mm x 5 mm were created at mesial side of the implants. The defects on right side were covered with Co membrane, the left side was uncovered as control. The dogs were sacrificed 1, 2, 4, 6 months postoperatively. The specimens were removed and studied by gross observation, X-ray radiograph, histological examination, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and pull-out test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The quantity and quality of new bone formation in experimental side which bone defects covered with Co membrane were much better than that in the control side.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>With the biodegradable property and excellent biocompatibility, Co membrane can be used for guided bone regeneration to promote the bone repair progress, and the promotion acts mainly at early stage of bone healing.</p>

Hematoporphyrin derivative-mediated photodynamic therapy for human colon carcinoma: a comparative study with LoVo and CoLo205 cells in vitro / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the killing effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) mediated by hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) on human colon carcinoma LoVo and CoLo205 cells in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>LoVo and CoLo205 cells cultured in vitro were incubated in the presence of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0 microg/ml HpD for 4 h and exposed to different light doses delivered using a semiconductor laser at 630 nm with the energy density of 2, 5, 10, and 20 J/cm(2). After further culture for 24 h, the survival rate of LoVo and CoLo205 cells were analyzed by MTT assay, and the cellular fluorescence intensities of HpD were measured with a luminescence spectrometer.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HpD-PDT resulted in effective cell killing to a comparable magnitude in LoVo and CoLo205 cells cultured in vitro (P>0.05). The killing effects were positively correlated with the concentration of HpD and the dosage of laser irradiation. Exposure to 20 J/cm(2) resulted in an IC(50) of LoVo and CoLo205 cells of 0.4 and 0.6 microg/ml respectively, which were not significantly different (P>0.05). The cellular HpD fluorescence intensities were also similar between the two cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HpD-PDT may effectively kill LoVo and CoLo205 cells cultured in vitro.</p>

Hematoporphyrin derivative-mediated photodynamic therapy for human nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a comparative study with CNE2 and C666-1 cell lines in vitro / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate biological effect of hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) photodynamic therapy (PDT) on in vitro cultured nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines CNE2 and C666-1.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CNE2 and C666-1 cells cultured in vitro were incubated in a medium containing HpD at different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0 microg/ml) for 4 h followed by exposure to different light doses (2, 5, 10, and 20 J/cm2) using a diode laser at 630 nm with power density of 20 mW/cm2. After 24 h of incubation with HpD-PDT, the survival rate of CNE2 and C666-1 cells were analyzed by MTT assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HpD-PDT produced effective killing of CNE2 and C666-1 cells cultured in vitro, and the killing effects were positively correlated with HpD concentration and the irradiation dose. Exposure of CNE2 and C666-1 cells to irradiation dose of 20 J/cm2 resulted in the IC50 of 0.7 and 1.2 microg/ml, respectively (P<0.01). With the same HpD concentration and irradiation dose, the survival rate of C666-1 cells, however, was significantly higher than that of CNE2 cells (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HpD-PDT may result in effective killing of CNE2 and C666-1 cells cultured in vitro, although C666-1 cells are less sensitive to HpD-PDT than CNE2 cells.</p>

Genetic effects on physical growth items of child twins in Han nationality / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyse the heritabilities of physical growth items of body and its related factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>An 116 twin pairs of Han nationality, 67 monozygotic (MZ) and 49 like-sex dizygotic (DZ) aged 6 to 12 years, were investigated from June to October in 2004. The measurements included height, weight, sitting height, chest circumference, biacromial breadth and biiliac breadth, and BMI index calculated by the former two measurements. The heritabilities were estimated by using intraclass correlation coefficient method from the adjusted data for age.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The intraclass correlation coefficient was greater in the MZ twins than in the DZ twins. The estimated heritabilities of height, weight, BMI, sitting height, chest circumference, biacromial breadth and biiliac breadth were 0.89, 0.88, 0.73, 0.87, 0.78, 0.78, 0.73 in boys and 0.87, 0.74, 0.72, 0.86, 0.62, 0.56, 0.59 in girls adjusted for age. Therefore, there were no sex difference for the heritabilities of height, sitting height and BMI, but the male heritabilities of weight, chest circumference, biacromial breadth and biiliac breadth were higher than the female's respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Physical growth items should be mainly determined by the genetic factors. There are sex differences for the heritabilities of weight, chest circumference, biacromial breadth and biiliac breadth, i.e., the girls might be affected more easily by environmental factors than the boys in these items.</p>