Consideration on implementation of co-administration of Seasonal Influenza and COVID-19 vaccines during pandemic in China / 中华预防医学杂志

Influenza is an infectious respiratory disease caused by the influenza viruses. Older people, infants and people with underlying medical conditions could have a higher risk of severe influenza symptoms and complications. The co-infection of Coronavirus Diseases 2019 (COVID-19) with influenza viruses could lead to the complication of prevention, diagnosis, control, treatment, and recovery of COVID-19. Influenza vaccine and COVID-19 vaccine overlapped in target populations, vaccination time, and inoculation units. Although there was insufficient evidence on the immunogenicity and safety of co-administration of influenza vaccine and COVID-19 vaccine, World Health Organization and some countries recommended co-administration of inactivated influenza vaccine and COVID-19 vaccine. This review summarized domestic and international vaccination policies and research progress, and put forward corresponding suggestions in order to provide scientific support for the formulation of vaccination strategy on seasonal influenza vaccine and COVID-19 vaccine.

Construction of healthy enterprises in coal industry / 中国职业医学

@#Promoting the construction of healthy enterprises in the China's coal industry will help coal enterprises to fulfill their ， ， legal and social responsibilities contribute to the construction of healthy cities and protect the health of occupational ， ， individuals from various aspects. In recent years the patriotic health campaign the health promotion project of industrial and ， ， ， mining enterprises the construction of standardized management system of coal mine safety the construction of green mines and the construction project of staff quality have laid the foundation for the construction of healthy enterprises in China's coal ， industry. However the development of coal industry in China is unbalanced and insufficient. There are many problems such as a ， general lack of professional talents the exist of a large number of small coal mines and the underprivileged technology of coal ， ， ， mining poor working environment in underground coal mines many occupational hazards in workplace and relatively few special incentive measures for the construction of healthy enterprises in the coal industry. It is recommended that coal ， enterprises with advanced productivity take the lead to demonstrate coal mine industry construction actively promote advanced ， ， and applicable technology and equipment steadily improve the professional level of coal industry workers comprehensively ， ， improve the environment of mining areas strengthen the monitoring and treatment of occupational hazards improve and ， - implement special incentive measures for healthy enterprises and comprehensively promote the high quality development of coal industry and the construction of healthy enterprises. So as to effectively protect the health occupational rights and interests of workers and provide assistance for occupational health work in the new era.

Advances in nanocrystal technology and its application to improve the pharmacological efficacy for poorly-water soluble drugs / 药学学报

In order to solve the problems of erratic drug absorption and low bioavailability after oral administration for poorly-water soluble drugs due to low solubility, a series of novel pharmaceutical dosage forms as solid dispersion, liposome, microemulsion, vesicle, cyclodextrin inclusion complexes and drug nanocrystal have been developed in recent years. Among which drug nanocrystal attracts more attentions for its simpler preparation method, higher drug loading and easier manufacturing technology in the design of dosage forms suitable for different administration routes. In this paper, the nanocrystals of the poorly-water soluble drugs prepared based on bottom-up and top-down technologies were introduced. The characteristics and applications of the nanocrystal-based dosage forms as suspension, tablet and capsule were also introduced and carefully evaluated with the focus on their pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and tissue targeted drug distribution after delivery by oral administration, intravenous injection and pulmonary inhalation. The advantages of drug nanocrystals in their therapeutics effects over the bulk drugs were discussed together with the inherent mechanism. Finally, the problems existing in basic research and scaled-up manufacture of drug nanocrystal as well as the possible ways of solution were listed out so as to make the nanocrystal-based preparations exert their maximum therapeutic effect after clinical application.

Magnetic resonance imaging features and differential diagnosis of multiple gliomas / 医学研究生学报

Objective The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) patterns of multiple gliomas are insufficiently understood because the related studies are rarely reported and mostly with small-size samples. This article summarizes the MR manifestations of multiple gliomas, analyzes their imaging features and proposes some diagnostic ideas. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 303 cases of diffuse glioma pathologically confirmed in our hospital from January 2014 to December 2018, including 240 cases of solitary (79.2%) and 63 cases of multiple gliomas (20.8%). We analyzed the MRI manifestations, summarized the MRI patterns, and investigated the differential diagnosis of multiple gliomas. Results According to the growth patterns, 4 of the 63 cases of multiple gliomas were classified as multicentric and the other 59 as multifocal glioma, and of the 59 cases of multifocal glioma, 35 spread along the white matter fiber bundle, 24 along the subependymal and small vessel space, 6 along the meningia-subarachnoid space, and 41 in a mode of direct invasion. The manifestations of cortical involvement included cortical tubers (37.2% [16/43]), multiple cortical tubers with high-intensity signals on T2WI, diffuse cortical swelling (44.2% [19/43]), frontal cortical swelling with high-intensity signals on T2FLAIR, and enhancement along the cortex (37.2% [16/43]). Interfocal heterogeneity was observed in 45 of 63 cases (71.4%). The imaging features of the lesions were classified into 5 types: metastasis (69.8%), granulomatosis (4.8%), abscess (12.7%), encephalitis (6.3%) and metabolic encephalopathy (6.3%). Conclusion The specific MRI presentations of multiple gliomas are cortical involvement and interfocal heterogeneity. The 5 MRI features of multiple gliomas may help improve the differential diagnosis of the lesions.

Quantitative Analysis of 5-Aminosalicylic Acid in Human Urine by Isobutyryl Derivatization Combined with UPLC-MS/MS / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To establish an isobutyryl derivatization combined with UPLC-MS/MS method for the quantitative analysis of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) in human urine. METHODS: Urine sample was analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS after pretreatment with isobutyryl derivatization and precipitation with acetonitrile. The separation was performed on the ACQUITY UPLC BEH-C18 column (2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm) at 40 ℃ with injection volume of 3 μL. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-5 mmol•L-1 ammonium formate containing 0.075% formic acid (20:80) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL•min-1. Electrospray ionization (ESI) source was applied and operated in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with negative ionization using the transitions of m/z 222.0→178.1 and m/z 206.1→162.0 for isobutyl 5-ASA and isobutyl 3-amino benzoic acid (3-ABA, IS), respectively. RESULTS: The method was specific and sensitive. It exhibited good linearity over the concentration of 0.100-30.0 μg•mL-1 for 5-ASA with the LLOQ of 0.100 μg•mL-1, extraction recovery of 101.7%-115.4% and normalized matrix factor of 1.000-1.025. The intra- and inter-day precisions were both less than 15%. CONCLUSION: The method is specific, simple, accurate and stable for quantitative analysis of 5-ASA in human urine.

Clinical features and gene mutations of primary immunodeficiency disease: an analysis of 7 cases / 中国当代儿科杂志

This research investigated the clinical features of immunodeficiency disease and the features of the mutation of its pathogenic genes. All 7 patients were boys aged 5 months to 4 years and 6 months and had a history of recurrent respiratory infection and pneumonia, low levels of IgM and IgG, and abnormal absolute values or percentages of lymphocyte subsets. High-throughput sequencing showed c.1684C>T mutations in the BTK gene in patient 1 and IVS8+2T>C splice site mutations in the BTK gene in patient 2. Both of these mutations came from their mothers. Patients 3, 4, and 5 had mutations in the IL2RG gene, i.e., c.298C>T, IVS3-2A>G, and c.164T>A, among which c.164T>A mutations had not been reported. Patient 6 had c.204C>G mutations in the RAG2 gene. Patient 7 had complex heterozygous mutations of c.913C>T and c.824G>A in the RAG2 gene, which came from his father and mother, respectively. Patients with immunodeficiency disease have abnormal immunological indices, and high-throughput sequencing helps to make a definite diagnosis.

Progress in clinical research of asteroid hyalosis / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Asteroid Hyalosis (AH) is a common clinical disease,which has been considered a benign disorder as it rarely impairs visual acuity.It was often discovered when the patient was treated for other eye diseases.The mechanism was unclear.Its characteristic B-ultrasound property makes the B-ultrasound a very helpful diagnostic technique.In the case of the patients with other fundus diseases associated with AH,optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fluorescein angiography (FA) may be used to reduce the interference from asteroid bodies,therefore improve the fundus visibility.Recent studies have shown that AH can incorporate with many other eye diseases.For example,in patients with cataracts,asteroid hyalosis can cause surface calcification of silicone plate intraocular lenses,which in most cases may lead to the need for explantation of the calcified intraocular lenses.The efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV),the removal of some,or all,of the eye`s vitreous humor for AH remains controversial.In this paper,we provide a review of the recent literature on AH disease: the etiology,diagnosis and treatment.We hope to thus improve the awareness and outcomes of AH disease.

Night Sleep Duration and Risk of Cognitive Impairment in a Chinese Population: A Cross-sectional Study / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Although sleep is one of the most important health-related behavioral factors, the association between night sleep duration and cognitive impairment has not been fully understood. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a random sample of 2,514 participants (⋝ 40 years of age; 46.6% women) in China to examine the association between night sleep duration and cognitive impairment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Night sleep duration was categorized as ⋜ 5, 6, 7, 8, or ⋝ 9 h per night. Cognitive function was measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination. A multivariate regression analysis was used to analyze the association of night sleep duration with cognitive impairment. A total of 122 participants were diagnosed with cognitive impairment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A U-shaped association between night sleep duration and cognitive impairment was found. The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of cognitive impairment (with 7 h of daily sleep being considered as the reference) for individuals reporting ⋜ 5, 6, 8, and ⋝ 9 h were 2.14 (1.20-3.83), 1.13 (0.67-1.89), 1.51 (0.82-2.79), and 5.37 (1.62-17.80), respectively (P ⋜ 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Short or long night sleep duration was an important sleep-related factor independently associated with cognitive impairment and may be a useful marker for increased risk of cognitive impairment..</p>

Production and characterization of a novel extracellular metalloproteinase by a newly isolated moderate halophile, Halobacillus sp. LY6.

A moderately halophilic bacterium LY6 with high proteolytic activity was isolated. Biochemical and physiological characterization, along with 16S rDNA sequence analysis placed the isolate in the genus Halobacillus. The salinity of the culture medium strongly influenced the proteinase production of LY6. Maximum enzyme production was observed in the medium containing 5% Na(2)SO(4) or 10% NaCl. Proteinase production was synchronized with bacterial growth and reached a maximum level during the mid-stationary phase. Enzyme purification was carried out by a simple approach including a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sephacryl S-100 gel filtration chromatography. SDS-PAGE and gelatin zymography analysis revealed it was a monomer with high molecular weight of 69 kDa. Optimal proteinase activity was obtained at pH 10.0, 40°C, and 10% NaCl. It was high active over broad temperature (30-80°C), pH (6.0-12.0), and NaCl concentration (0-25%) ranges, indicating its thermostable, alkali-stable, and halotolerant nature. Moreover, the enzyme activity was markedly enhanced by Ca(2+) and Cu(2+), but strongly inhibited by EDTA, PAO, and DEPC, indicating that it probably was a metalloproteinase with cysteine and histidine residues located in its active site.

Impact of resting heart rate on new-onset diabetes in population without hypertension / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the impact of resting heart rate (RHR) on new-onset diabetes (NOD) in population without hypertension.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This prospective cohort study was performed in 2006 and 2007 and screened 101 510 participants. All subjects were employees of the Kailuan Group, a state-run coal mining company. The observation cohort included 48 926 subjects with normal fasting blood glucose (FBG) <7.0 mmol/L, no history of diabetes, complete FBG and RHR examination data, systolic blood pressure <140 mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) , diastolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg, no history of hypertension, and no use of hypoglycemic agents or antihypertensive drugs.We excluded participants without a health examination in 2008-2009 or 2010-2011 and those with incomplete examination data. A total of 29 910 participants were included in the final analysis. The observation population was divided into four groups according to RHR data collected during 2006-2007 health examinations: quartile 1 (RHR<63 beats/min) ; quartile 2 (63 beats/min ≤ RHR<70 beats/min) ; quartile 3 (70 beats/min ≤ RHR<75 beats/min) ; quartile 4 ( RHR ≥ 75 beats/min). Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to calculate the incidence of NOD. The relationship between RHR and NOD was estimated using Cox proportional hazard analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The incidences of NOD/1000 person-years for the above quartiles of RHR were 11.22, 13.58, 13.96, and 17.55, respectively in the total observational population; the corresponding incidences were 12.17, 15.20, 16.08, 20.44, and 8.29, 9.38, 8.86, and 9.60 in men and women, respectively. Compared with quartile 1, Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that the other three RHR groups had an increased risk of NOD after adjusting for age, gender, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and other risk factors. The hazard ratio values for these groups were 1.20 (95%CI:1.04-1.40, P < 0.05), 1.25 (95%CI:1.07-1.45, P < 0.01) and 1.58 (95%CI:1.36-1.82, P < 0.01), respectively. Furthermore, after adjusted the FBG, risk of NOD was significantly higher in quartile 2 (HR = 1.21, 95%CI:1.04-1.40, P < 0.01) and quartile 4 (HR = 1.22, 95%CI:1.06-1.41, P < 0.01 compared that in quartile 1. After adjusting for the factors listed above, the influence of RHR on NOD was not significant in women (P > 0.05) , but there was still an increased risk of NOD in men compared with quartile 1 with hazard ratio values of 1.21 (95%CI:1.02-1.43, P < 0.05) , and 1.27 (95%CI:1.09-1.49, P < 0.01) for quartile 2 and quartile 4, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Higher RHR is linked with higher risk of NOD in population without hypertension.</p>

Analysis of extubation time and late complications after early tracheotomy in patients with inhalation injury / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the appropriate extubation time and treatment of late complications after early tracheotomy in patients with moderate or severe inhalation injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and fifty patients (105 males and 45 females) with inhalation injury were admitted to our hospital from January 2000 to January 2009. Among them, 109 out of 129 cases with moderate inhalation injury received early tracheotomy, and all 21 cases with severe inhalation injury received early tracheotomy. Data were collected for analysis as follows: (1) incidence of re-intubation due to suffocation and pneumonia incidence after extubation within 2 weeks or after 2 weeks post inhalation injury (PII), and mortality rate within the first week after injury were recorded. (2) Conservative treatments including expectorant, oral antibiotics, and absolute bedrest were recommended for patients who had severe cough, hoarseness or poor pulmonary function after late extubation and closure of tracheostomy wound. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy findings (tracheostenosis degree, granuloma formation rate, vocal cord paralysis rate) and pulmonary function index (FEV(1)) data were collected and analyzed in 30 cases with moderate inhalation injury and 10 cases with severe inhalation injury within 3 months after injury for follow-up. Data were processed with t test or chi-square test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no obvious difference in the rate of re-intubation after extubation in patients with moderate inhalation injury between those done within 2 weeks PII (15/70, 21.4%) and those done after 2 weeks PII (2/25, 8.0%) (χ(2) = 1.52, P > 0.05). Pneumonia incidence in patients of moderate inhalation injury with extubation within 2 weeks PII (21/70, 30.0%) was lower than those with extubation after 2 weeks PII (15/25, 60.0%) (χ(2) = 7.04, P < 0.05). Levels of above-mentioned indexes in patients with severe inhalation injury extubated in different stages were similar to those of patients with moderate inhalation injury. Within the first week after injury, mortality rate of patients with severe inhalation injury was higher than that of patients with moderate inhalation injury (χ(2) = 11.90, P < 0.05). During follow-up, tracheostenosis rate in patients with moderate or severe inhalation injury was 100.0%; granuloma formation rate and vocal cord paralysis rate in patients with severe inhalation injury were higher than those of patients with moderate inhalation injury (with χ(2) value respectively 4.59, 13.47, P values all below 0.05). The FEV(1) value of patients with moderate inhalation injury in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd month after injury was respectively higher than that of patients with severe inhalation injury (with t value respectively 5.48, 12.10, 6.25, P values all below 0.05). The values recovered to normal level in the 3rd month after injury.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Extubation time of tracheotomy for patients with moderate or severe inhalation injury within 2 weeks or after 2 weeks PII has its own advantage and disadvantage, and it should be performed according to specific conditions of each patient. Conservative treatment is optional for late complications of respiratory system.</p>

Clinical improvement in the therapy of aural keloids / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Keloids have a predilection for the aural region because of the special shape of the pinna. It is difficult to resect keloids entirely and maintain a satisfactory pinnal shape. Surgical excision in combination with radiotherapy is considered to be the most efficacious treatment available for severe keloids. This study was conducted to evaluate the treatment of aural keloids with intralesional excision and immediate postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-six patients with a combined total of 74 aural keloids were treated by intralesional excision and immediate postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy. All patients received a total dose of 20 Gy in 10 consecutive days. The time interval between keloid excision and delivery of the first radiotherapy fraction was < 24 hours in all cases. The median follow-up was 2.2 years.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twenty-nine patients with 48 keloids (64.9%) were highly satisfied with their outcome, and were rated as good by the surgeon. Six patients with 12 keloids (16.2%) showed general satisfaction but wanted aesthetic refinement, and these patients were rated as fair by the surgeon. Three patients with four keloids (5.4%) showed no evidence of recurrence after surgery, but disliked the result because of the discoloration and irregularity of the scar surface. These patients were rated as poor by the surgeon. Partial recurrence occurred in 8 patients with 10 keloids (13.5%). No major complications were observed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Intralesional excision and immediate postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy is well tolerated and very effective in preventing recurrence of aural region keloids.</p>

Replication of pathological scar in nude mice / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the feasibility of reproduce hypertrophic scar and keloid in nude mice in the study of pathological scars.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Pieces (0.8 x 0.8 x 0.5 cm) of hypertrophic scars and keloids were implanted into subcutaneous tissue of the nude mice for 16 days, during this period the gross condition of the nude mice and the state of the implants were observed. The implants were extracted after 16 days, and the volume, the microscopic characteristics of the scar, the content of acid mucopolysaccharide, and different types of collagen were determined and compared with that of the original specimens.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All mice survived with nice wound healing after the surgery. There was no obvious difference in the acid mucopolysaccharide content in keloid and hyperplastic scar before implantation (3448 +/- 1452, 1940 +/- 509), and after implantation (3237 +/- 1871, 1809 +/- 552, P > 0.05). The implants maintained the collagen pattern, with no signs of cell degeneration and necrosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This experiment showed that the viability and morphology of hypertrophic scars and keloids were maintained after they were implanted in nude mice. Therefore it is feasible to use nude mice as the animal model in the study of hypertrophic scars and keloids.</p>