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OBJECTIVE: To establish a comprehensive analytical method based on SPE-UPLC-MS for the simultaneous determination of bisphenol A (BPA), nonylphenol (NP), and octylphenol (OP) in urine samples. METHODS: Sixty urine samples collected from healthy subjects were analyzed for BPA, NP, and OP concentrations. The samples were de-conjugated by adding ß-glucuronidase and sulfatase. After the enzymatic treatment, the samples were subjected to the OASIS HLB column solid phase extraction cartridges so as to be cleaned and concentrated. The UPLC separation was performed on a Acquity UPLCTM BEH C18 column (2.1×100 mm, 1.7 µm) with a gradient elution system of methanol-water as the mobile phase. Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry analyzer was used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of UPLC-MS/MS system. RESULTS: The limit of detection of BPA, NP, and OP was 0.10, 0.10, and 0.15 ng/mL, respectively. The recoveries of BPA, NP and OP were 80.1%-108%, 81.3%-109%, and 81.5%-98.7%, respectively. Among the 60 urine samples, BPA was detected in 8 samples at the level of 0.297-32.7ng/mL, NP was detected in 29 samples at the level of 1.69-27.8 ng/mL, and OP was detected in 17 samples at the level of 0.407-11.1 ng/mL. CONCLUSION: The method is simple with high sensitivity and selectivity, and is suitable for the determination of BPA, NP, and OP in urine. As shown by our analysis, BPA, NP, and OP appear to be prevalent in human urine. This is particularly true for NP. The results from our study is therefore valuable for future studies to assess the exposure to BPA, NP, and OP in the general population.
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Cromatografia Líquida/métodos , Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Fenóis/urina , Extração em Fase Sólida/métodos , Compostos Benzidrílicos , Humanos , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
Androgens are important sex hormones in the body, and are involved in the occurrence and development of various skin diseases, such as acne, androgenetic alopecia, hirsutism. Anti-androgen drugs can act on different sites in the androgen synthesis and functional pathways to antagonize the effects of androgens, and can be used in the alleviation and treatment of related diseases. In recent years, some research progress has been made in the treatment of skin diseases with anti-androgen drugs. For example, clascoterone is a first-in-class topical drug in the treatment of acne in the last 40 years, dutasteride can be applied in male patients aged over 20 years with androgenetic alopecia, and topical finasteride is markedly effective for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia, as well as idiopathic hirsutism in females. This review summarizes research progress in anti-androgen drugs in the treatment of skin diseases in recent years.
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Objective:To investigate the incidence of early enteral nutrition intolerance and related influencing factors in postoperative gastric cancer patients.Methods:90 gastric cancer patients who underwent radical gastric cancer surgery and received early enteral nutrition thereafter in our hospital were retrospectively enrolled from January 2019 to December 2020. Patients were divided into early enteral nutrition tolerance group ( n=30) and intolerance group ( n=60) according to whether they developed nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, abdominal pain, diarrhea and other symptoms after early enteral nutrition. The general characteristics of the two groups were compared and the risk factors of early enteral nutrition intolerance in postoperative gastric cancer patients were analyzed using multivariate Logistic regression. Results:60 (66.67%) of the 90 postoperative gastric cancer patients experienced early enteral nutrition intolerance. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that ≤4 hours of out-of-bed activity on the first postoperative day and nonuse of nutrition pump were independent risk factors for early enteral nutrition intolerance in these patients ( OR=2.998; 4.586, P<0.05). Conclusions:The risk factors of early enteral nutrition intolerance in postoperative gastric cancer patients were ≤4 hours of out-of-bed activity on the first postoperative day and nonuse of nutrition pump. Corresponding clinical interventions could be implemented to prevent the occurrence of early enteral nutrition intolerance in postoperative gastric cancer patients.
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The development of female germ cells can be mainly divided into two stages: fetal germ cells and oocytes in folliculogenesis after puberty. Mitosis-meiosis transition, meiosis arrest and re-activation are the key phases of the development. Several phases may be characterized by their distinct molecular events, which involve precise regulation of gene expression and interaction with corresponding gonadal niche cells. In recent years, single-cell transcriptome studies have clarified phase-specific patterns of gene expression, signaling pathways and epigenetic modification during oogenesis and folliculogenesis. These works have provided important insights into the development of female germ cells and pathogenesis of germ-cell related diseases, which may promote clinical application of reproductive genetic research.
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Feminino , Humanos , Células Germinativas , Meiose , Oócitos , Oogênese/genética , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
Pharmaceutical cocrystals are multicomponent systems in which at least one component is an active pharmaceutical ingredient and the others are pharmaceutically acceptable ingredients. Cocrystallization of a drug substance with a coformer is a promising and emerging approach to improve the performance of pharmaceuticals, such as solubility, dissolution profile, pharmacokinetics and stability. This review article presents a comprehensive overview of pharmaceutical cocrystals, including preparation methods, physicochemical properties, and applications. Furthermore, some examples of drug cocrystals are highlighted to illustrate the effect of crystal structures on the various aspects of active pharmaceutical ingredients, such as physical stability, chemical stability, mechanical properties, optical properties, bioavailability, sustained release and therapeutic effect. This review will provide guidance for more efficient design and manufacture of pharmaceutical cocrystals with desired physicochemical properties and applications.
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Objective:To explore the mechanism underlying microRNA (miR) -125a-mediated inhibition of proliferation of keratinocytes.Methods:After 24-hour pretreatment with interleukin (IL) -23, human HaCaT keratinocytes were divided into miR-125a group and miR-NC group transfected with a miR-125a overexpression plasmid and a control plasmid, respectively. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay was performed to evaluate the proliferative ability of HaCaT cells in the two groups at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours after transfection, real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR to determine the mRNA expression of miR-125a and IL-23 receptors (IL-23R) in the two groups 24 hours after transfection, and Western blot analysis to determine the protein expression of IL-23R, Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) , protein kinase B (AKT) and phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) in the two groups 48 hours after transfection. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify the targeting relationship between miR-125a and IL-23R. Comparison of means between two groups was carried out by using t test, and changes in the proliferative ability of HaCaT cells over time were evaluated by using repeated measures analysis of variance. Results:After plasmid transfection, the relative expression of miR-125a was significantly higher in the miR-125a group (6.377 ± 0.745) than in the miR-NC group (0.700 ± 0.222; t=7.305, P=0.002) . At 0, 24 and 48 hours after transfection, there was no significant difference in cellular proliferative ability between the miR-125a group and the miR-NC group ( t=0.663, 0.623 and 1.930, respectively, all P > 0.05) ; at 72 hours after transfection, the cellular proliferative ability was significantly lower in the miR-125a group than in the miR-NC group ( t=4.407, P < 0.05) . The IL-23R mRNA expression was significantly lower in the miR-125a group than in the miR-NC group ( t=3.082, P < 0.05) . Compared with the miR-NC group, the miR-125a group showed significantly decreased protein expression of IL-23R, JAK2 and p-AKT ( t=11.715, 6.996, 12.424, P < 0.001,=0.002, < 0.001, respectively) . Dual-luciferase reporter assay showed targeted binding of miR-125a to IL-23R. Conclusion:MiR-125a may inhibit the proliferation of keratinocytes by negatively regulating the IL-23R/JAK2/AKT signaling pathway.
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Objective:To investigate the correlation between microRNA-125a (miR-125a) expression and inflammatory cytokine levels in skin lesions of patients with psoriasis vulgaris, and to evaluate the effect of miR-125a on the proliferation of a human immortalized keratinocyte cell line HaCaT.Methods:Totally, lesional and adjacent non-lesional skin tissues were collected from 40 patients with psoriasis vulgaris in the Seventh People′s Hospital of Shenyang from 2017 to 2018, and real-time fluorescence-based quantitative reverse transcription PCR was performed to determine the expression of miR-125a in the skin tissues, as well as the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and IL-17 in the lesional skin tissues. HaCaT cells were divided into 4 groups to be transfected with a miR-125a overexpression plasmid (miR-125a overexpression group), an overexpression control plasmid (overexpression control group), a miR-125a interference plasmid (miR-125a interference group) and an interference control plasmid (interference control group), respectively. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay was performed to assess the proliferative ability of HaCaT cells in the groups at 0, 24, 48, 72 hours after transfection, and double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-17 in the culture supernatant of HaCaT cells. Spearman rank correlation test was used for correlation analysis, and t test for the comparison of means between two groups. Results:The relative expression of miR-125a was significantly lower in the lesional skin tissues (expressed as 2 -ΔΔCt, 0.389 ± 0.354) than in the non-lesional skin tissues (1.106 ± 0.396, t = 7.717, P < 0.001) in patients with psoriasis vulgaris. The expression of miR-125a was negatively correlated with the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-17 in psoriatic lesions ( r = -0.447, -0.424, -0.436, all P < 0.01). Immediately and 24 hours after transfection with the plasmids, there was no significant difference in the cell proliferative ability between the miR-125a overexpression group and overexpression control group ( t = 0.282, 1.445, respectively, both P > 0.05), or between the miR-125a interference group and interference control group ( t = 0.120, 1.543, respectively, both P > 0.05). Forty-eight and 72 hours after the transfection, the cell proliferative ability was significantly lower in the miR-125a overexpression group than in the overexpression control group ( t = 3.222, 4.563, respectively, both P < 0.05), but significantly higher in the miR-125a interference group than in the interference control group ( t = 3.036, 3.269, respectively, both P < 0.05). In addition, the miR-125a overexpression group showed significantly decreased levels of TNF-α and IL-1β compared with the overexpression control group ( t = 4.318, 3.813, respectively, both P < 0.05) . Conclusions:MiR-125a is lowly expressed in skin lesions of patients with psoriasis vulgaris. MiR-125a can inhibit the proliferation of keratinocytes, and may play a protective role in the occurrence and development of psoriasis.
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Objective@#To understand the health literacy and relevant factors of cancer prevention consciousness in Chinese urban residents from 2015 to 2017.@*Methods@#A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 provinces covered by the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China from 2015 to 2017. A total of 32 257 local residents aged ≥18 years old who could understand the investigation procedure were included in the study by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method. All local residents were categorized into four groups, which contained 15 524 community residents, 8 016 cancer risk assessment/screening population, 2 289 cancer patients and 6 428 occupational population, respectively. The self-designed questionnaire was used to collect the information of demographic characteristics and cancer prevention consciousness focusing on nine common risk factors, including smoking, alcohol, fiber food, food in hot temperature or pickled food, chewing betel nut, helicobacter pylori, moldy food, hepatitis B infection, estrogen, and exercise. The logistic regression model was adopted to identify the influencing factors.@*Results@#The overall health literacy of the cancer prevention consciousness was 77.4% (24 980 participants), with 77.4% (12 018 participants), 79.9% (6 406 participants), 77.2% (1 766 participants) and 74.5% (4 709 participants) in each group (P<0.001). The correct response rates for nine risk factors ranged from 55.2% to 93.0%. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with community residents, people with primary school level education or below, and the number of people living together in the family <3, the cancer risk assessment/screening intervention population, cancer patients, those with junior high school level educationor above and the number of people living in the family ≥3 had better health literacy of the cancer prevention consciousness (all P values <0.05). Compared with females, 39 years old and below, government-affiliated institutions or civil servants, from the eastern region, males, older than 40 years, company or enterprise employees, and from the middle or western region had worse health literacy of the cancer prevention consciousness (all P values <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The health literacy of the cancer prevention consciousness in Chinese urban residents should be improved. The cancer screening intervention, gender, age, education, occupation, the number of people co-living in the family, and residential region were associated with the health literacy of the cancer prevention consciousness.
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Objective@#To understand the consciousness of the cancer early detection among urban residents and identify the influencing factors from 2015 to 2017.@*Methods@#A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 provinces covered by the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China from 2015 to 2017. A total of 32 257 local residents aged ≥18 years old who could understand the investigation procedure were included in the study by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method. All local residents were categorized into four groups, which contained 15 524 community residents, 8 016 cancer risk assessment/screening population, 2 289 cancer patients and 6 428 occupational population, respectively. Self-designed questionnaires were used to collect population, socioeconomic indicators, self-cancer risk assessment, regular participation in physical examination and other information. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the factors of people who had not regularly participated in the regular physical examination in the past five years.@*Results@#The self-assessment results of 32 357 residents showed that there were 27.54% (8 882) of total study population with self-reported cancer risk, 45.48% (14 671) without cancer risk and 26.98% (8 704) with unclear judgement on their own cancer risk. Among population with cancer risk, 79.84% (7 091) considered physical examination accounted. In the past five years, there were 21 105 (65.43%) residents participated in regular physical examination and 11 148 (34.56%) participated in non-scheduled one, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with unmarried and western region residents, divorced, middle and eastern region residents had a stronger consciousness to participate in the regular physical examination (P<0.05). Compare with residents with annual household income less than 20 000 CNY in 2014, cancer risk assessment/screening intervention population, and self-assessment with cancer risk, residents with annual household income between 20 000 CNY and 59 000 CNY in 2014, occupational population, community residents, cancer patients, self-reported cancer-free risk, and self-assessment with unclear judgement of cancer risk were less likely to participate in the regular physical examination (all P values <0.05).@*Conclusion@#From 2015 to 2017, the Chinese urban residents had a acceptable consciousness of the cancer early detection. The marital status, annual household income, population group and self-assessment of cancer risk were related to the consciousness of the cancer early detection of people who had not participated in the regular physical examination in the past five years.
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Objective@#To understand the consciousness of the cancer early diagnosis among urban residents and identify the related factors from 2015 to 2017.@*Methods@#A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 provinces covered by the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China from 2015 to 2017. A total of 32 257 local residents aged ≥18 years old who could understand the investigation procedure were included in the study by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method. All local residents were categorized into four groups, which contained 15 524 community residents, 8 016 cancer risk assessment/screening population, 2 289 cancer patients and 6 428 occupational population, respectively. The general demographic characteristics, the consciousness of the cancer early diagnosis (whether people would have a willingness or encourage their relatives/friends to confirm the abnormal results once which were detected from the physical examination) and other information were collected by using the self-designed questionnaire. The non-conditional logistic regression model was used to identify the relateol factors related to the consciousness of the cancer early diagnosis.@*Results@#As for residents with abnormal result from the physical examination, 89.29% (28 802) of residents would choose to seek medical treatment for further diagnosis. If their relatives/friends had abnormal results from the physical examination, 89.55% (28 886) of residents would encourage their relatives/friends to confirm the diagnosis in time. The non-conditional logistic regression model analysis showed that compared with the public institution staff/civil servants, annual household income less than 20 000 CNY, the western region and the cancer risk assessment/screening intervention population, the company staff, annual household income about 40 000 CNY and more, and the residents from the middle and eastern region had a stronger consciousness to seek further diagnosis; while the unemployed residents and community residents were less likely to seek further diagnosis (P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#From 2015 to 2017, the Chinese urban residents had a good consciousness of the cancer early diagnosis. Occupation, annual household income, residential region and population group were related to the consciousness of the cancer early diagnosis.
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Objective@#To understand the consciousness of the cancer early treatment and its demographic and socioeconomic factors.@*Methods@#A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 provinces covered by the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China (CanSPUC) from 2015 to 2017. A total of 32 257 local residents aged ≥18 years old who could understand the investigation procedure were included in the study by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method. All local residents were categorized into four groups, which contained 15 524 community residents, 8 016 cancer risk assessment/screening population, 2 289 cancer patients and 6 428 occupational population, respectively. The questionnaire collected personal information, the consciousness of the cancer early treatment and relevant factors. The Chi square test was used to compare the difference between the consciousness of the cancer early treatment and relevant factors among the four groups. The logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors related to the consciousness of the cancer early treatment.@*Results@#With the assumption of being diagnosed as precancer or cancer, 89.97% of community residents, 91.84% of cancer risk assessment/screening population, 93.00% of cancer patients and 91.52% of occupational population would accept active treatments (P<0.001). If the immediate family members were diagnosed as precancer or cancer, people who would encourage their family members to receive early treatment in the four groups accounted for 91.96%, 91.94%, 92.44% and 91.55%, respectively (P<0.001). The company employees, annual household income with 40 000 yuan and more and other three groups had a relatively better consciousness of the cancer early treatment (P<0.05). Male, widowed, unemployed and from the central and western regions had a relatively worse consciousness of the cancer early treatment (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Residents in urban China participants had a good consciousness of the cancer early treatment. The marital status, occupation, annual household income and residential regions were major factors related to the consciousness of the cancer early treatment.
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Objective@#To understand the health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment among urban residents of China, and explore the related factors.@*Methods@#A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 provinces covered by the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China (CanSPUC) from 2015 to 2017. A total of 32 257 local residents aged ≥18 years old who could understand the investigation procedure were included in the study by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method. All local residents were categorized into four groups, which contained 15 524 community residents, 8 016 cancer risk assessment/screening population, 2 289 cancer patients and 6 428 occupational population, respectively. The health literacy of the cancer prevention, early discovery, early diagnosis, early treatment and the demands of cancer prevention and treatment knowledge was analyzed. The level of health literacy among different groups were calculated and compared. The binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of the health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment.@*Results@#The level of health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment was 56.97% among all study population; in each group it was 55.01% for community residents, 59.08% for cancer risk assessment/screening population, 61.99% for cancer patients and 57.31% for occupational population, respectively (P<0.001). The level of health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment of residents aged 50 to 69 years old, other occupational groups, unmarried, the central and western region residents and the group with unclear self-assessment of cancer risk was significantly lower than that of residents younger than 40 years old, personnel of public institutions/civil servants, married, the eastern region residents and the group whose self-assessment without cancer risk (P<0.05) . The level of health literacy of cancer prevention and treatment of females, people who went to high school or over, cancer risk assessment/screening population, cancer patients and occupational population was significantly higher than that of males, people who had an education level of primary school or below and community residents (P<0.05) .@*Conclusion@#The health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment of urban residents in China was relatively high, but there was still room for improvement. Gender, age, educational level, occupation, region, marital status, self-assessment of cancer risk, and type of respondents were the key influencing factors of the health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment. Male, 50-69 years old, lower educational level, central and western regions, unclear cancer risk self-assessment, and without specific environmental exposure to cancer prevention and treatment knowledge or related risk factors were the characteristics of the key intervention group of the health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment.
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Objective@#To investigate the demand and access to the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge and related factors among urban residents in China from 2015 to 2017.@*Methods@#A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 provinces covered by the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China from 2015 to 2017. A total of 32 257 local residents aged ≥18 years old who could understand the investigation procedure were included in the study by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method. All local residents were categorized into four groups, which contained 15 524 community residents, 8 016 cancer risk assessment/screening population, 2 289 cancer patients and 6 428 occupational population, respectively. The self-designed questionnaire was used to collect the information of general demographic characteristics, the demand and access to cancer prevention and treatment knowledge, and the influencing factors of the attitude. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the difference of the demand of the cancer prevention knowledge among different groups and the corresponding factors of the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge were analyzed by using the logistic regression model.@*Results@#The proportion of residents who need the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge was 79.5%. The demand rate of the inducement, symptom and diagnosis methods of cancer in the occupational population was highest, about 66.8%, 71.0% and 20.8%, respectively. The demand rate of treatment methods and cost in current cancer patients was the highest, about the 45.9% and 21.9%, respectively. The top three sources to acquire the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge were "broadcast or television" (69.5%), "books, newspapers, posters or brochures" (44.7%) and "family and friends" (33.8%). The multivariate analysis showed that compared with public institution personnel/civil servants, unmarried/cohabiting/divorced/widowed and others, annual household income less than 20 000 CNY, from the eastern region, people without cancer diagnosis and people with self-assessment of cancer risk, the demand rate of cancer prevention and treatment knowledge was higher in enterprise personnel/workers, married, annual household income between 60 000 CNY and 150 000 CNY, from the central region, people with cancer and people with unclear cancer risk (all P values <0.05).@*Conclusion@#There was a high demand for the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge among urban residents in China from 2015 to 2017. The main access to the knowledge is from the radio or television. The occupation, marital status, annual household income, residential region, health status and risk of disease were the main factors of the demand of the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge.
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Objective To explore the method and effect of applying just-in-time-teaching (JiTT) mode in the reform of the teaching method of biochemical comprehensive experiment (Isolation, Purification and Identification of γ-Globulin From serum). Methods A total of 100 undergraduate students in our 2016 clinical medicine were divided evenly into two groups: the control group and the experimental group. The control group used traditional teaching, and the experimental group used JiTT-based teaching. In the experimental group, an online environment for pre-classroom discussion and feedback was constructed by uploading learning resources such as short video and tutorials to the online teaching platform and the online learning exchange group 3-5 days before the class; the class session itself consisted of personal tests, face-to-face teaching by teachers, group discussion, finishing experimental report and answering questions etc., and was intended to evaluate the students' self-study. SPSS 22.0 was used to collect exam scores and questionnaire results, and the data between groups were compared using t test. Results The scores of individual test scores in the experimental group (9.44±0.59) were higher than those in the control group (8.77±0.41) (P=0.00), and the difference was statistically significant. In all the six questionnaire items pertaining to teaching effect , JiTT teaching method received higher scores than the traditional teaching method (P<0.05), and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion JiTT can improve the quality of biochemistry experiment teaching. It is worthwhile to try it in the teaching of other basic specialized courses.
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Objective The amyloid β-protein precursor contains a domain highly homologous to Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitors. We have successfully established and characterized the recombinant human rhKD/APP in vitro. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential neuroprotective role of rhKD/APP on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Methods Rats pretreated with rhKD/APP (4, 8, 16 mg/kg) were subjected to prepare models of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and those rats treated with Nimodipine were used as positive control. Comparison of the scores of neurological deficits, TTC-stained infarct volume and cerebral water content between the groups was performed. The activities of SOD, Na+-K+-ATPase and the content of MDA in the cortex tissues were measured and the activities of serum myeloperoxidase ( MPO) enzyme were also compared. The expressions of adhesion molecules ( ICAM-1 and E-selectin) were compared by immunohistochemistry. End-labeling of nuclear DNA fragmentation (TUNEL) and qualification of caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax were also employed to evaluate the local apoptosis in cortex tissues. Results By pretreatment with the rhKD/APP at three doses, cerebral infarct volume, water content and neurological deficits were all reduced. The activities of SOD, and Na+-K+-ATPase were increased, the contents of MDA were decreased in the cortex tissues, and the serum MPO activity was reduced. The expressions of adhesion molecules were downregulated and the apoptotic signaling of neurons were inhibited. All the changes induced by rhKD/APP treatment in the ischemia/reperfusion injury models showed statistical significance compared with the control rats. However, no significant difference was shown between the rhKD/APP group and Nimodipine group excepted for the reduced MPO in sera. Conclusions The result of this study suggest that rhKD/APP has neuroprotective effect on the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through inhibiting multiple signaling pathways and is promising to be a potential neuroprotective drug.
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Objective To investigate clinical and reflectance confocal microscopy(RCM)features of extragenital lichen sclerosus et atrophicus.Methods Clinical data and RCM images were collected from 11 patients with extragenital lichen sclerosus et atrophicus in Department of Dermatology of Shenyang No.7 People's Hospital and the First Hospital of China Medical University between October 2010 and October 2016,and retrospectively analyzed.Results Of the 11 patients,9 were female,and 6 had lesions on the neck.RCM imaging showed atrophy of the epidermis,disappearance of high reflectivity and circular structures in the basal layer,blurred dermo-epidermal junction,highly reflective quasi-circular big cells and a few mononuclear cells scattering in the superficial dermis,and homogenization and increased density of collagen.Conclusion Extragenital lichen sclerosus et atrophicus has characteristic RCM presentation.
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Objectives:To examine the relationship of social capital with anxiety and depression symptoms among urban elderly in China.Methods:A household survey by using self-administered questionnaires was conducted in 3 communities in Jinan,Shandong Province and the data of 925 people aged 60 years or over were collected.The social capital indicators according to its operational definition and Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale (SAS) and Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale were used.The social capital factors were extracted by using exploratory factor analysis and were dichotomized to conduct logistic regression analysis.Results:The average standard scores of SAS and SDS were (35.8 ±6.9) and (41.9 ±8.7),respectively.The proportion of anxiety symptom was 4.4% and that of depression symptom was 19.0%.Logistic regression analysis showed that perceived social support,perceived trust,reciprocity and safety and social participation were associated with self-rating depression(Ps< 0.05).Perceived social support (OR = 0.29,95 % CI:0.20-0.44),perceived trust,reciprocity and safety (OR =0.49,95% CI:0.33-0.72) and social participation (OR = 0.66,95% CI:0.45-0.98) were protective factors of depression.No significant association between social capital factors and anxiety was found.Conclusion:It suggests that social capital could be a target for elderly people's mental health promotion in China.Additional efforts should be taken on enhancing the elderly people's perceived support,trust and safety from their families and communities,as well as providing more opportunities of social activities in the neighborhoods.
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Trace elements is the main content in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology courses through students' self-study.This topic takes the trace elements as the content of open video courses to make the medical students and the public be able to scientifically understand the relationship between trace elements and human health and pay attention to the influence of dietary nutrition and environmental pollution on human society.This course is based on audience online teaching rules and online learning needs,to achieve high-quality resources sharing and popularity as the goal,using typical case,vividly describes the source of the common trace element,function,and the relationship between health and disease.In the course construction,we realize that the selection of teaching content,optimization of teachers,professional recording team are the basic elements of the success of open video courses production.The combination of open video courses and flipped classroom teaching has gained a high degree of satisfaction in improving students' independent learning ability,expanding knowledge and so on.
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Objective:To establish the methods and standard for the evaluation of rational application of parenteral nutrition ( PN) in primary hospitals. Methods:Medical records with the use of fat emulsion, amino acids (17) and glucose (11%) injection were col-lected. The integrity of the medical records was analyzed, the compatibility of supplementary drugs was evaluated, and basal metabo-lism rate(BMR) was calculated for the relevant assessment. Results:Totally 66. 7% of the patients had incomplete basic parameters of nutritional risk assessment, the cases had different course of treatment but showed no significant difference in total usage of fat emul-sion, amino acids (17) and glucose (11%) injection,and the non-protein calories of fat emulsion, amino acids (17) and glucose (11%) injection accounted for 72. 1% of basal metabolism rate of an individual on average (S=8. 9). Supplementary usage of KCl accounted for 63. 0% of the cases, of which 70. 6% were overdosed;62. 9% of the cases used supplementary alanyl-glutamine with overdosage. Conclusion:In the PN application in our hospital, nutritional risk assessment is basically missed, and there is a great gap between the level of developing reasonable individual program and the requirements in guidelines. Clinical pharmacists should enhance the related monitoring and evaluation in PN application.
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Objective To analyze the morbidity of the old people with hypertension and metabolic syndrome (MS),the characteristics of MS components distribution,and correlation hypertension and MS.Methods 438 old patients over 60 with hypertension were selected randomly from cheek-up crowd in the physical examination center of Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University in 2013.Abdominal girth,height,body mass were measured,and then calculated BMI.The indicators such as FPG,TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C were detected and analyzed.Results The total morbidity of MS in the old people with hypertension was 37.7%,39.0% from male people,36.7% from female people,and there was no difference between genders(x2 =0.46,P > 0.05).The level of BMI,abdominal girth,FPG,and TG in the old people with MS were higher than the people without MS(t =4.83,8.53,5.08,7.29,all P <0.05),and HDL-C was lower than the people without MS(t =-9.67,P < 0.05).The level of FPG in women was higher than that in men apparently(x2 =5.82,P < 0.05),and the level of HDL-C was lower than that in men apparently (x2 =8.73,P < 0.01).The risk factors to MS include BMI,abdominal girth,FPG,TG (OR =2.139,1.106,2.156,2.315,all P <0.05),and HDL-C is protective factor to MS(OR =0.039,P <0.05).Conclusion Hypertension might increase MS morbidity of old patients.Hypertension related with MS closely.The risk factors include BMI,abdominal girth,FPG,TG,on the other hand HDL-C is protective factor to MS.