Consumer preferences for micronutrient strategies in China. A comparison between folic acid supplementation and folate biofortification.

OBJECTIVE: Despite public health efforts, folate deficiency is still largely prevalent in poor, rural populations and continues to cause a large burden of disease. The present paper determines and compares consumer preferences for two folate strategies: folic acid supplementation v. folate biofortification, i.e. the enhancement of the folate content in staple crops. DESIGN: Experimental auctions with non-repeated information rounds are applied to rice in order to obtain willingness-to-pay for folate products. Thereby, GM or non-GM folate-biofortified rice (FBR) is auctioned together with rice that is supplemented with free folic acid pills (FAR). SETTING: Shanxi Province (China) as a high-risk region of folate deficiency. SUBJECTS: One hundred and twenty-six women of childbearing age, divided into a school (n 60) and market sample (n 66). RESULTS: Despite differences according to the targeted sample, a general preference for folate biofortification is observed, regardless of the applied breeding technology. Premiums vary between 33·9 % (GM FBR), 36·5 % (non-GM FBR) and 19·0 % (FAR). Zero bidding behaviour as well as the product choice question, respectively, support and validate these findings. The targeted sample, the timing of the auction, the intention to consume GM food and the responsibility for rice purchases are considered key determinants of product choice. A novel ex-post negative valuation procedure shows low consistency in zero bidding. CONCLUSIONS: While the low attractiveness of FAR provides an additional argument for the limited effectiveness of past folic acid supplementation programmes, the positive reactions towards GM FBR further support its potential as a possible complementary micronutrient intervention.

Investigation on awareness and training needs of incontinence-associated dermatitis among clinical nurses / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the awareness and training needs of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) among clinical nurses, so as to provide insights into the standardization of clinical nursing of IAD. @*Methods@#Clinical nurses with more than one year of service in Lanxi People's Hospital were selected as study subjects in October 2021. The demographics, awareness of IAD knowledge and training needs were collected using a self-designed questionnaire. The age-, duration of service-, academic degree-, professional title- and department-specific awareness of IAD knowledge was analyzed.@*Results@#A total of 420 questionnaires were allocated, and 409 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 97.38%. All respondents were females, with a mean age of (37.68±4.82) years, and a mean service duration of (18.72±3.46) years. There were 199 nurses with a primary title (48.66%), 169 nurses with a intermediate title (41.32%), and 41 nurses with a senior title (10.02%). There were 217 nurses with a bachelor degree or above (53.06%), and 208 nurses from internal medicine and surgery departments (50.86%). The overall awareness of IAD knowledge was 74.57% among the respondents, and the awareness rates of IAD definition, the difference between IAD and pressure ulcers and influencing factors of IAD were 86.06%, 83.37% and 82.15%, respectively. The nurses at ages of 41 to 53 years (89.01%), having a senior title (94.24%), with a nursing duration of 21 years and longer (92.97%) and participating in IAD training during the recent one year (77.41%) had a high awareness rate of IAD-related knowledge. There was a high proportion of needs for training on basic IAD-related knowledge (396 nurses, 96.82%).@*Conclusions@#The awareness of IAD knowledge requires to be improved among clinical nurses. The training on IAD knowledge is recommended to be improved.

Effect of probiotics on the cognitive function of patients with schizophrenia / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of probiotics on the cognitive function of patients with schizophrenia.Methods:100 schizophrenic patients admitted to Shanghai Jinshan District Mental Health Center from January 2019 to January 2021 were randomly divided into the conventional group (treated with atypical antipsychotics combined with placebo, 50 cases) and the intervention group (treated with atypical antipsychotics combined with probiotics, 50 cases). Before treatment and 3 months after treatment, the feces of the patients were taken for DNA detection to compare the composition of intestinal flora. The cognitive function of the patients was assessed by the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), and the mental state of the patients was assessed by the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale(PANSS). The incidence of adverse drug reactions was compared between the two groups.Results:Before treatment, the relative abundance of Fusobacteria, Proteus and Actinobacteria in the two groups had no statistical significant difference (all P>0.05); After 3 months of treatment, the relative abundance of Fusobacteria, Proteus and Actinobacteria in the two groups decreased compared with that before treatment, and the decline was more significant in the intervention group (all P<0.05). Before treatment, there was no significant difference in immediate memory, visual span, speech function, attention function, delayed memory and RBANS between the two groups (all P>0.05); After 3 months of treatment, the scores of immediate memory, visual span, speech function, attention function, delayed memory and RBANS in the two groups were higher than those before treatment, and the increase was more significant in the intervention group (all P<0.05). Before treatment, there was no significant difference in PANSS scores between the two groups ( P>0.05); After 3 months of treatment, PANSS scores in both groups decreased compared with those before treatment, and the decrease degree in the intervention group was higher than that in the conventional group (all P<0.05). During the three months of treatment, there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse drug reactions between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Probiotics are used in adjuvant therapy for patients with schizophrenia, which can regulate the patients′ intestinal flora, improve patients′ cognitive function and mental disorders, and do not increase the incidence of adverse drug reactions. They have significant clinical efficacy and high treatment safety.

The individualized anti-infective treatment strategy for a critically ill patient / 药学实践杂志

Objective To design individualized anti-infective therapy for a critically ill patient .Methods Based on patho-physiological conditions and therapeutic drug levels ,clinical pharmacists assisted physicians to optimize individual anti-infective medication regimens for a patient with acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis secondary to blood stream infection and pul-monary infection .Results The patient responded poorly to initial treatment .After the medication regimen adjustments byclini-cal pharmacists according to the individual situation and therapeutic drug monitoring results ,patient′s condition was improved and the infection was under control .Conclusion The key to successful treatment is to ensure the dosage administered to the critically ill patients reach the target value of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics .

CT in Measurement Hepatic Hemodynamics and Volume for Adults Living at Different Altitudes / 中国医学影像学杂志

Purpose Changes of hepatic perfusion and volume of normal adults living at different altitudes are investigated with hepatic perfusion imaging using multi-slice spiral CT to explore the perfusion status of normal human liver in hypoxia condition, and to provide the basis for the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases. Materials and Methods Sixty volunteers were divided into three groups according to altitude:22 cases in group A with altitude from 2260 to 3100 meters, 20 cases in group B with altitude from 3260 to 4100 meters, and 18 cases in group C with altitude from 4260 to 5260 meters, time-density curves within the ROI was drawn with hepatic hilar region as the center, and hepatic artery perfusion (HAP), portal vein perfusion (PVP), total hepatic perfusion (TLP), hepatic arterial perfusion index (HPI) were calculated using deconvolution method;and point circle method was used to measure the volume of liver manually. Results HAP of group A, B, C were (10.50±3.62) ml/(100 ml · min), (15.03±4.27) ml/(100 ml · min) and (18.39±7.20) ml/(100 ml · min) respectively, and there was significant difference between group A and group C (P<0.05);PVP of three groups were (138.78±14.29) ml/(100 ml · min), (80.42±16.80) ml/(100 ml · min), and (63.78±7.79) ml/(100 ml · min) respectively, signiifcant differences (P<0.05) can be detected for the comparison between each two of them; TLP of the three groups were (149.30±15.55) ml/(100 ml · min), (95.57±18.75) ml/(100 ml · min) and (82.19±10.56) ml/(100 ml · min) respectively, statistically signiifcant differences (P<0.05) can also be found for the comparison between each two of them. HPI of the three groups were 7.00±2.17, 16.27±4.22 and 22.05±7.90 respectively, statistically signiifcant differences (P<0.05) were observed for the comparison between each two of them;liver volume of the three groups were (1173.5±155.2) cm3, (1282.9±362.2) cm3 and (1525.4±352.2) cm3, difference between group A and group C was statistically signiifcant (P<0.05). Conclusion Liver perfusion can be affected by altitude, with the altitude increasing, HAP and HPI will also raise gradually, while PVP and TLP will decrease accordingly, indicating that hypoxia environment due to high altitude will do certain damage on the liver. MSCT perfusion imaging is able to relfect the hemodynamic changes of liver, thus is useful in clinical diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases.

Effects of Intra-Abdominal Implantation of Sustained-Releasing Fluorouracil on Expressions of Survivin, Caspase-3 and CD44V6 in Patients with Colorectal Cancer / 天津医药

Objectives To observe the pre and post-operational changes of the expressions of survivin, caspase-3 and CD44V6 in patients with colorectal cancer after intra-abdominal implantation of sustained releasing fluorouracil. Meth-ods Sixty-four patients with colorectal cancer (Dukes’stage of B and C) were divided into treatment group and control group, 32 patients in each group. The standard radical surgery was performed in two groups of patients. The fluorouracil im-plants were implanted intra-abdominally in treatment group. The peripheral blood levels of surviving and caspase-3 were de-tected by RT-PCR. The level of CD44V6 was detected by flow cytometry in two groups of patients. Results There were no significant differences in levels of survivin, caspase-3 and CD44V6 before surgery between two groups (P>0.05). The level of survivin (0.362 ± 0.183) was significantly lower at 14 days after operation in treatment group than that of control group (0.585±0.207), but the level of caspase-3 (2.001±0.146) was significantly higher than that of control group (1.654±0.111). The levels of CD44V6 were significantly lower in treatment group (1.857±0.535) and control group (3.471±0.496) after opera-tion than those before operation (9.557±1.170 and 9.729±0.943, P＜0.05), and the level of CD44V6 was significantly lower in treatment group than that of control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion The implant for the sustained release of fluorouracil showed a positive impact on micrometastases and prognosis of colorectal cancer, while improved the long-term efficacy of postoperative colorectal cancer.

Observation on growth inhibition of sustained-release fluorouracil implantation in nude mice with human colorectal carcinoma / 重庆医学

Objective To observe the growth inhibition effect of sustained-release fluorouracil implantation in nude mice with human colorectal carcinoma and to discuss its influence on caspase-3 expression .Methods The colorectal carcinoma subcutaneous transplanted model with LoVo cell in BALB/c nude mice was established and divided into 4 groups randomly :the tail intravenous injection of PBS (A group) ,the tail intravenous injection of 5-FU group (B group) ,the intratumor injection of 5-FU group (C group);and the implant of sustained-release fluorouracil group(D group) .After 15 d of medication ,the tumor weight and tumor volume were recorded ,the tumor inhibiting rates were calculated .The tumor tissues were observed by HE staining and detected the expression of caspase-3 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) .Results Sustained-release fluorouracil could suppress the transplantation tumor growth significantly ,the tumor weight and tumor volume in the D group had statistical differences compared with the A ,B and C groups(P<0 .05) ,which could up-regulated the expression of caspase-3 ,the differences between the D group with the A ,B and C groups (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Sustained-release fluorouracil can inhibit the grow th of colorectal carcinoma transplantation tumor more effectively than conventional fluorouracil and up-regulate the expression of caspase-3 ,which prompts that sustained-re-lease fluorouracil may play the anti-tumor role by inducing the tumor cell apoptosis via apoptosis pathway .Its definite tumor-inhibi-ting effect deserves to be promoted in clinical chemotherapy .

Comparison research in effect of gravity and pump irrigation system on lower limbs swelling after knee arthroscopy surgery / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To analyze the cause of lower limbs swelling after knee arthroscopy operation, and compare the effect of gravity and pump irrigation system on lower limbs swelling after operation. Methods 60 patients after knee arthroscopic surgery were divided into the pump irrigation group and the gravity group with 30 patients in each group. We measured the perimeter of the lower limb pre and post operation and compared the operation time of each group. Results There were no significant differences in the perimeter of the lower limb and operation time between the gravity group and the pump irrigation group. Conclusions During knee arthroscopic surgery which cost less than 1 hour, there was no inlluence on lower limbs swelling whether using gravity or pump irrigation system.

Numerical simulation of the relationship between blood pressure and blood stream of arteries / 生物医学工程学杂志

The quantitative relationship between blood pressure and blood stream of arteries, which is delineated by hemodynamics, is rather complex to understand and analyze mathematically. An equivalent simulated mathematical model was utilized to numerically describe this sort of relationship. The physiological essence of layered flowage inside the artery was opened out. The numerical simulation was accomplished using several sets of real parameters. Some important conclusions about quantitative relationship of the layered flowage were drawn through the simulation results. The research results presented in this paper have important reference value in respect of quantitative research of circulation physiology and clinical diagnosis and analysis of some illness within circulation system.

Observation on the effects of massage on treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) is treated clinically mainly with medication,psychotherapy and acupuncture,which is seldom treated with simple massage.During working in Swaziland, the writer found a part of children only accept massage for they did not receive remarkable results by medication and also were scared of acupuncture. OBJECTIVE:To probe manipulation and mechanism of massage on ADHD in children. DESIGN:Cases analysis. SETTING:Sino Japan Friendship Hospital. PARTICIPANTS:All the cases were collected from April 2000 to April 2002 while the writer was working in Swaziland. Thirty three children with ADHD were in accordance with the symptomatic diagnostic standards of American DSM IV.No control was selected. INTERVENTIONS:Simple massage manipulation was adopted in treatment of the 33 ADHD children.The common manipulations included head manipulation,chest abdominal manipulation and back manipulation.According to various clinical manifestations,the manipulations were modified based on differentiation of syndromes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Therapeutic results on patients with massage manipulations. RESULTS:Of the 33 cases of ADHD children treated with massage, 10 were cured,9 were remarkably effective,9 were improved and 5 had no effect. CONCLUSION:The therapeutic results of massage on ADHD in children are satisfactory and safe without side effects.

Mathematical modeling and simulation study of the heart rate feedback regulation system / 生物医学工程学杂志

The physiological feedback regulation mechanism of the heart rate variation due to the blood pressure variation is studied. The continuous closed-loop mathematical model of the heart rate feedback regulation system is constructed. Numerical simulation is completed based on the above model. The simulation results demonstrate that the regulation system has the ability to constrain the fluctuation of the blood pressure to certain extent. The results are helpful for the pathological studies of some hypertensive diseases.

Priliminary Study on Chlorite Pollution of Drinking Water Disinfected by Chlorine Dioxide / 环境与健康杂志

[Objective] To explore the status of chlorite pollution in drinking water due to chlorine dioxide , aswell as its causes and counter measures. [Methods]A water plant collecting surface water as raw water slightly pol-luted by organic compounds and B water plant collecting ground water without organic compounds pollution wereselected as observed objectives. Chlorine dioxide generators were used in both of A and B water plants, their rawmaterials was chlorite for A plant and chlorate for B plant. The levels of chlorite in treated water from these twowater plants were determined by amperometric titration. [Results]The levels of chlorite in treated water of A waterplant ranged 0.530～0.760 mg/L, 2.6～3.8 times of the standard value, with a over standard rate of 100％, thelevels of B water plant range 0.257～0.733 mg/L, 1.3～3.7 times of the standard value, with a over standard rateof 83.3％. [Conclusion] The treated water of A and B water plants presented higher pollution by chlorite, the by-product of chlorine dioxide disinfection.

Numerical simulation of thyroxin producing process / 生物医学工程学杂志

Numerical simulation of the thyroxin producing process of a human body is presented to analyze the dynamic and static variation laws of the process. The relationship between the static value of thyroxin and the reaction coefficients of various physiologic chemical reactions upon the producing thyroxin is clarified. The simulation results provided in this paper can be utilized as some reference data for clinical pathogeny analysis of some thyroxin diseases.