[Hemodynamic variations during tracheal intubation with intubating laryngeal mask airway versus direct laryngoscope in hypertensive patients].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the variations of cardiovascular responses and vascular angiotensin II (AngII) in hypertensive patients during tracheal intubation with intubating laryngeal mask airway (ILMA) versus direct laryngoscope (DLS). METHODS: A total of 120 hypertensive patients undergoing abdominal surgery were randomly divided into 2 groups, i.e.intubating laryngeal mask airway (Group I) and direct laryngoscope (Group D).Variations of invasive arterial blood pressure and angiotensin II were compared between two groups before and after intubation. RESULTS: The variations of cardiovascular responses and vascular angiotensin II (AngII) during tracheal intubation used of ILMA (T4) and DLS (T4) in an instant, tracheal intubation were immediately accomplished in two groups (T5). The variations of group I were significantly lower than those of group D (P < 0.05). And statistical significance existed between two groups. CONCLUSION: Tracheal intubation with intubating laryngeal mask airway (ILMA) can significantly reduce violent cardiovascular reactions and avoid cardiovascular accidents.

Melanocortin-4 receptor expression in autonomic circuitry involved in gastric function.

Several studies have shown that CNS provides the regulation of gastric functions. Recent evidence indicated that the activation of melanocortin 4 receptors (MC4R) in brain nuclei played an important role in modulating gastric activity. This study was designed to assess whether MC4R signaling existed in autonomic circuitry modulated the activity of stomach by a virally mediated transsynaptic tracing study. Pseudorabies virus (PRV)-614 was injected into the ventral stomach wall in adult male MC4R-green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice (n = 5). After a survival time of 5 days, the mice were assigned to humanely sacrifice, and spinal cords and caudal brainstem were removed and sectioned, and processed for PRV-614 visualization. Neurons involved in the efferent control of the stomach were identified following visualization of PRV-614 retrograde tracing. The neurochemical phenotype of MC4R-GFP-positive neurons was identified using fluorescence immunocytochemical labeling. PRV-614/MC4R-GFP dual labeled neurons were detected in spinal IML and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMV). Our findings support the hypothesis that MC4R signaling in autonomic circuitry may participate in the modulation of gastric activity by the melanocortinergic-sympathetic pathway or melanocortinergic-parasympathetic pathway.

Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genomes of five Eimeria species from domestic chickens.

Chicken coccidiosis caused by members of the genus Eimeria causes significant economic losses worldwide. In the present study we sequenced the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences of six Eimeria species and analyzed features of their gene contents and genome organizations. The complete mt genomes of E. acervulina, E. brunetti, E. maxima, E. necatrix, E. tenella and E. praecox were 6179bp, 6148bp, 6169bp, 6214bp, 6213bp and 6174bp in size, respectively. All of the mt genomes consist of 3 genes for proteins (cox1, cox3, and cytb), 12 gene fragments for the large subunit (LSU) rRNA, and 7 gene fragments for the small subunit (SSU) rRNA, but no transfer RNA genes. The organization of the mt genomes is similar to that of Plasmodium, but distinct from Babesia and Theileria. The putative direction of translation for 3 genes (cox1, cox3, and cytb) was the same in all six Eimeria species. The contents of A+T of the mt genomes were 65.35% for E. acervulina, 65.43% for E. brunetti, 64.53% for E. maxima, 65.04% for E. necatrix, 64.98% for E. tenella and 65.59% for E. praecox. The AT bias has a significant effect on both the codon usage pattern and amino acid composition of proteins. Phylogenetic analyses using concatenated nucleotide sequences of the 2 protein-coding genes (cytb and cox1), with three different computational algorithms (Bayesian analysis, maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood), all revealed distinct groups with high statistical support, indicating that the six Eimeria spp. represent six distinct but closely-related species. These data provide novel mtDNA markers for studying the molecular epidemiology and population genetics of the six Eimeria spp., and should have implications for the molecular diagnosis, prevention and control of coccidiosis in domestic chickens.