[Qualitative and quantitative PET/MRI in the evaluation of axillary lymph node metastasis in patients with breast cancer].

Objective: To investigate the value of qualitative and quantitative PET/MRI in the evaluation of axillary lymph node metastasis in patients with breast cancer. Methods: A total of 33 patients with breast cancer underwent preoperative PET/MRI examinations in Jingling Hospital from February to August in 2022 were retrospectively collected. All these patients were female, aged from 34 to 73 (51.4±11.3) years. Histopathological results and follow-up data were deemed as the referent standard, and the images were independently evaluated by two experienced breast imaging radiologists. The qualitative PET/MRI evaluation procedures were designed to evaluated the MRI alone to classify the axillary lymph nodes firstly, and then, the axillary lymph nodes status was reclassified by combining MRI and PET images. The net reclassification improvement index (NRI) was calculated using the R Programming Language (RStudio). The quantitative PET/MRI evaluation of the maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) of axillary lymph nodes were measured by two radiologists, respectively, and the average value was compared with the referent standard to conduct a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to select the optimal cutoff value of SUVmax. Based on the cutoff value and MRI classification results, axillary lymph nodes status was divided into quantitative PET/MRI positive or negative. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MRI and quantitative PET/MRI in evaluating axillary lymph node metastasis were compared, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was compared. Results: There was no significant difference in sensitivity, specificity and accuracy between MRI and quantitative PET/MRI in evaluating lymph node metastasis of breast cancer (81.82% vs 95.46%; 81.82% vs 100%; 81.82% vs 96.97%) (all P>0.05). The AUC had a statistically significant difference [0.82 (0.65 to 0.93) vs 0.98 (0.85 to 1.00), P=0.026)]. According to the referent standard, in the 11 cases without ipsilateral axillary lymph node metastasis, the SUVmax was 0.83±0.18, while in the 22 cases with ipsilateral axillary lymph node metastasis, the SUVmax was [4.36 (1.77, 5.85)]. Compared with MRI alone, the NRI of qualitative PET/MRI in evaluating lymph node metastasis was 36.36% (P=0.021). Conclusion: Compared with MRI alone, quantitative PET/MRI has a higher AUC for evaluating axillary lymph node metastasis in patients with breast cancer, and qualitative PET/MRI had a better reclassification power in the evaluation of axillary lymph node metastasis.

[The development and national norm of the assessment of spinal health of youths].

Objective: To develop the Assessment of Spinal Health of Youths (ASHY), and evaluate its reliability and construct validity and further definite the national norm. Methods: According to literature review and expert consultation, the ASHY included 37 items within 4 dimensions, named symptoms of neck-shoulder and low back, the dysfunction of neck-shoulder and low back, daily risk behaviors and health-seeking behaviors. Between December 2015 and March 2016, a total of 15 096 students were purposively selected from Shenyang, Zhengzhou, Shenzhen and Jiangxi province. Item analysis, factor analysis and reliability evaluation methods were used to select items and evaluate the questionnaire. Between November 2017 and January 2018, a total of 14 500 students were purposively selected from Shenzhen, Zhengzhou, Nanchang and Guiyang. These data were used to develop a national norm of ASHY in adolescents. Results: The ASHY consisted of 4 dimensions covering 34 items. Variance cumulative contribution rate was 68.37%. Internal consistency test showed that Cronbach's α coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.91 and Cronbach's α coefficient of each dimension was between 0.76 and 0.93. The split-half coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.78 and ranged from 0.62 to 0.77 for each dimension. Confirmatory factor analysis results showed that the value of RMSEA was 0.067, and the values of NFI, RFI, CFI, GFI, AGFI were all above 0.80, which had a good fitting degree. The 90th percentile was used as the cutoff point about total scores of 92 for junior high school students, 102 for senior high school students and 98 for the overall middle school students. Conclusions: The ASHY is consistent with the evaluation standard of psychometrics. It can be used as a tool to evaluate the spinal health in adolescents.

[The relationship between migration time and the prevalence of myopia of children and adolescents aged 6-18 years old in Shenzhen].

Objective: To analyze the relationship between migration time and the prevalence of myopia of children and adolescents aged between 6 and 18 years old in Shenzhen. Methods: From April to May 2019, 26 618 children and adolescents from 14 schools in six streets of Baoan District, including Fuyong, Shajing, Xin'an, Xixiang, Songgang and Shiyan, were included in the study by using random cluster sampling method. The demographic characteristics, migration status, self-reported myopia, screen time in the last seven days, outdoor activities in the last one month and other information were collected through the questionnaire. The differences of myopia among children and adolescents with different characteristics were compared by χ2 test, and the relationship between migration time and the prevalence of myopia was analyzed by multivariate unconditional logistic regression model. Results: The age of 26 618 study participants was (12.37±3.49) years old, and the overall prevalence of myopia was 49.4%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after controlling for relevant confounding factors, compared with migrant children and adolescents of migrant workers who migrated for 1-2 years, those of migrant workers who had migrated for more than 6 years had a higher risk of myopia [OR (95%CI): 1.48 (1.14-1.92)]. After being grouped by phase of school, in the lower grade group of primary school, the children and adolescents of migrant workers who had migrated for more than 6 years had a higher risk of myopia compared with those of migrant workers who migrated for 1-2 years [OR (95%CI): 1.96 (1.20-2.74)]. In the high school group, compared with the children and adolescents of migrant workers who migrated for 1-2 years, those of migrant workers who had migrated for 3-5 years and ≥6 years had a higher risk of myopia [OR (95%CI): 6.03 (1.29-28.15) and 6.52 (1.51-28.11), respectively]. Conclusion: The migration time is related to the prevalence of myopia of the children and adolescents of migrant workers.

[Immune function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and its mechanism in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome].

Objective: To investigate the immune function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and its mechanism in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Methods: Twenty OSAS patients who were diagnosed by polysomnography (Apnea Hyponea Index>30 events/h) from Sleep Disorders Center at First Affiliated Hospital between January 2015 and December 2016 were selected. The percent of CD14(+) low expression or lack of human leukocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR(-/low)) MDSC in the CD14(+) monocyte from both OSAS patients and healthy people were analyzed by flow cytometry. In vitro assay, MDSC from OSAS patients and health people were sorted by flow cytometry and T cells were sorted with negative isolation kit. For T-cell proliferation assays, the carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-labeled T cells were respectively incubated with autologous MDSC. CFSE fluorescence intensity of T cells was detected by flow cytometry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis were used to evaluate the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-10, transforming growth factor-ß(1) (TGF-ß(1)), positive rate of programmed death ligand-L1 (PD-L1), relative transcript level of Arginase 1 (Arg1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), hypoxic inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expressed by MDSC. Results: Comparing to healthy people, the percentage of CD14(+)HLA-DR(-/low) MDSC in CD14(+) monocyte was significantly elevated [(12.5±1.5)% vs (3.5±0.4)%, P<0.05]. In vitro, OSAS patient-derived MDSC exhibited a stronger suppressive effect on T-cell proliferation [(23.2±1.1)% vs (53.7±3.2)%, P<0.05]. Further analysis revealed that OSAS patient-derived MDSC secreted much higher concentrations of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10 and TGF-ß(1) [(1 316±163) vs (642±72) ng/L, (316±35) vs (167±18) ng/L, (385±42) vs (108±26) ng/L and (44 276±4 589) vs (9 557±1 124) ng/L] (all P<0.05). The percentage of membrane molecule PD-L1-positive cells in OSAS patient-derived MDSC was obviously higher than that in healthy people-derived MDSC [(75.6±7.9)% vs (30.6±2.5)%, P<0.05]. Compared with healthy people-derived MDSC, the relative transcript level of Arg1, iNOS and HIF-1α in OSAS patient-derived MDSC was also increased by (4.6±0.5), (2.8±0.3) and (4.3±0.4) fold, respectively (all P<0.05). Conclusions: OSAS may be capable of inducing the proliferation of MDSC and its expression of immunosuppressive molecules by activating HIF-1α signal, thereby enhancing the immunosuppressive ability of MDSC.

[Correlation of health literacy and mobile phone use dependence with psychopathological symptoms in middle school students].

Objective: To explore the correlation of health literacy and mobile phone use dependence with psychopathological symptoms in middle school students. Methods: 22 628 middle school students in Shenyang, Bengbu, Xinxiang, Ulanqab, Chongqing and Yangjiang were enrolled by multistage cluster sampling method from November 2015 to January 2016. Chinese Adolescent Interactive Health Literacy Questionnaire (CAIHLQ), Self-rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use (SQAPMPU) and Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents (MSQA) were applied to acquire basic characteristics, health literacy, mobile phone use dependence and psychopathological symptoms of subjects. Subjects were classified into three groups, low level (P(75)), according to the percentile of the questionnaire score. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation of health literacy, mobile phone with psychopathological symptoms. Results: The students were (15.4±1.8) years old with 10 990 boys (48.6%). The score of health literacy of students were (104.1±18.7) points. The rate of mobile phone use dependence was 25.4% (5 752/22 628) and the rate of psychopathological symptoms was 29.1% (6 581/22 628). Compared with high health literacy level, medium and low health literacy levels were related to psychopathological symptoms, with OR (95%CI) about 2.30 (2.10-2.52) and 5.40 (4.89-5.97), respectively. Compared with mobile phone use independence, mobile phone use dependence was related to psychopathological symptoms, with OR (95%CI) about 3.60(3.37-3.85). The highest rate of psychopathological symptoms occurred in students with mobile phone use dependence and low health literacy level [68.0% (1 345/1 977)], with OR (95%CI) about 19.59 (17.07-22.48). Conclusion: Health literacy and mobile phone use dependence are related factors of psychopathological symptoms in middle school students.

[Application of continuous serratus plane block with patient-controlled analgesia on postoperation analgesia after thoracoscopic surgery].

Objective: To investigate the application of ultrasound-guided continuous serratus plane block with patient-controlled analgesia on postoperation analgesia after thoracoscopic surgery, and influence on postoperative rehabilitation. Methods: Sixty patients scheduled for thoracoscopic surgery were randomly divided into two groups. PCNA group (n=30) received ultrasound guided continuous serratus plane block with patient-controlled nerve analgesia, with continuous infusion of 0.2% ropivacaine and 30 ml of 0.3% ropivacaine for the first does. PCIA group(n=30) received patient-controlled intravenous analgesia, with continuous infusion of sufentanil. Postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) and prince henry pain scale (PHPS) were recorded at 1 hour (T(1)), 4 hour (T(2)), 8 hour (T(3)), 24 hour (T(4)), 2 days (T(5)), 3 days (T(6)), 4 days (T(7)), before discharge (T(8)), 30 days (T(9)) after surgery. Adverse reactions and the time of postoperative first out-of-bed activity, passage of gas by anus, bowel movement, chest tube removal, discharge was also recorded. Results: The resting VAS score of T(3), T(4), T(5) in group PCNA and group PCIA were 0(0) vs 0(2.0), 0(0) vs 2.0(2.0), 0(0) vs 0(2.0), the resting VAS score was lower in group PCNA than in group PCIA (Z=-2.524, -3.944, -3.652, P<0.05 or P<0.01). The upper arm activity VAS score of T(2), T(3), T(4), T(5), T(6), T(7) in group PCNA and group PCIA were 0(0) vs 0(2.0), 0(0) vs 2.0(2.5), 0(2.0) vs 2.0(2.0), 0(2.0) vs 2.0(2.0), 0(0) vs 2.0(2.0), 0(0) vs 0(2.0), the upper arm activity VAS score was lower in group PCNA compared with group PCIA (Z=-2.984, -3.915, -4.484, -4.450, -3.422, -2.456, P<0.05 or P<0.01). The coughing VAS score T(3), T(4), T(5), T(6), T(7) in group PCNA and group PCIA were 2.0(2.0) vs 2.0(2.5), 2.0(2.5) vs 4.0(4.0), 2.0(2.5) vs 4.0(4.0), 2.0(2.0) vs 3.0(2.0), 2.0(2.0) vs 2.0(2.0), the coughing VAS score was lower in group PCNA compared with group PCIA (Z=-3.432, -3.410, -2.643, -3.210, -2.746, P<0.05 or P<0.01). The PHPS score was significantly lower in group PCNA at T(3)[1.0(1.3) vs 2.0(2.0)], T(4)[1.0(2.0) vs 3.0(1.0)], T(5)[1.0(1.3) vs 2.0(1.3)], T(6)[1.0(1.3) vs 2.0(2.0)], T(7)[1.0(1.0) vs 1.0(2.0)] compared to group PCIA (Z=-3.149, -3.662, -3.369, -3.681, -2.815, all P<0.01). And the time of out-of-bed activity, passage of gas by anus of the PCNA group were (20.0± 6.9)h, ( 16.0± 8.0)h, which was advanced more than PCIA group [(23.9± 7.1)h, (34.3± 13.2)h, t=-2.20, -6.47, all P<0.05]. Furthermore, PCNA group had better sleep quality from the 2nd night to the 4th night , and with lower adverse reactions (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The application of ultrasound-guided continuous serratus plane block after thoracoscopic surgery can reduce postoperative pain and enhance recovery after surgery.

Role of free electrons in phosphorescence in n-type wide bandgap semiconductors.

Long persistent phosphorescence is generally known as a phenomenon involving carrier traps induced by defects or impurities in crystals. In this paper, phosphorescence sustained for tens of minutes was found in intentionally undoped ZnO and it was proposed to be a universal phenomenon in wide bandgap semiconductors upon satisfying several conditions. A new model was built to understand this attractive phenomenon within the framework of the traditional trapping-detrapping model but it was modified by considering the free electrons in the conduction band as a significant contributor to the long persistent phosphorescence besides the electrons trapped by shallow donors. This model, explicitly expressed as I(t) ∝ [1 + M(1 - Fe-γt)-2]e-γt, is not only capable of giving a quantitative description of the non-exponential decay of phosphorescence in a wide temperature range but also enables one to determine the depth of shallow donors in semiconductors. The participation of free electrons in phosphorescence was further confirmed by another carefully designed experiment. Thus, this study may represent significant progress in understanding phosphorescence.

[Study of association between adverse experiences in childhood, social support, and physical and psychological sub-health status among middle school students in 3 cities in China].

Objective: To explore the relationship between adverse experience in childhood, social support, and physical and psychological sub-health status among middle school students in 3 cities in China. Methods: 15 278 adolescents were selected as subjects from 20 junior and senior middle schools located in 3 cities of China by stratified cluster sampling method. The survey collected the demographic information, ACEs, social support and physical-psychological status. A total of 14 820 valid questionnaires were retained for analysis. We assessed ACE score (count of six categories of childhood adversity), social support (adolescent social support questionnaire), and the prevalence of two outcomes: physiological and psychological sub-health status. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between adverse childhood experiences, social support, and physiological and psychological sub-health status. Results: The prevalence of physiological and psychological sub-health status were 26.4% (3 917/14 820) and 24.1%(3 572/14 820), respectively. A total of 89.4% (13 247/14 820) reported at least 1 adverse childhood experiences. The rates of physiological and psychological sub-health status were higher among girls (28.1%(2 092/7 443), 26.0%(1 932/7 443)) than boys (24.7%(1 825/7 377), 22.2%(1 640/7 377)). Among adolescents without ACEs, the rate of physiological and psychological sub-health status were 15.4%(243/1 573) and 10.4%(163/1 573), for those with 5-6 ACEs, the rate were 40.9%(636/1 556) and 43.6%(678/1 556). Among adolescents with higher social support, the rate of physiological and psychological sub-health status were 19.9%(724/3 635) and 13.0%(474/3 635) for those with lower social support, the rate of physiological and psychological sub-health status were 35.9%(1 403/3 913) and 39.0%(1 528/3 913). The rates of physiological and psychological sub-health status were higher with more ACE exposure or less social support. At each level of ACE exposure, physiological and psychological sub-health status were less in those with greater social support. For example, among adolescents reporting 5-6 ACEs, those in the lowest tertile of social support increased the risk of physiological sub-health status than those in the highest tertile (adjusted prevalence ratio (95%CI)=1.79 (1.23-2.56)); for those reporting no ACEs, the ratio was 3.04 (1.91-4.83). Among adolescents reporting 5-6 ACEs, those in the lowest tertile of social support increased the risk of psychological sub-health status than those in the highest tertile (adjusted prevalence ratio (95%CI)=3.77 (2.57-5.52)); for those reporting no ACEs, the ratio was 3.97(2.33-6.76). Conclusion: The findings suggest that ACEs should be considered as risk factors for physiological and psychological sub-health status among middle school students. Across a range of exposures to ACEs, less social support was associated with more physiological and psychological sub-health status. Identifying those with ACE exposure who also have lower social support could be used to improve the health of adolescents.

[Investigation of influencing factors associated with neck-shoulder symptoms among middle school students in three cities in China].

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the distribution of neck-shoulder symptoms among middle school students, and to explore its influence factors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 24 middle schools in Shenyang, Zhengzhou and Shenzhen by purposive sampling method. In each middle school, 3 to 4 classes were selected from each grade all the students in the selected class would be recruited to the survey to investigate the demographic characteristics, neck-shoulder symptoms, physical exercise time, academic stress, screen behavior, sedentary behavior and other information by questionnaire. A total of 10 566 questionnaires were issued and 10 270 valid questionnaires were withdrawn. The prevalence of neck-shoulder symptoms among students were compared by different characteristics. Logistic regression models were applied to examine influencing factors associated with neck-shoulder symptoms. Results: The prevalence of neck-shoulder symptoms among middle school students was 19.2% (1 968/10 270), while it was 22.6% (1 137/5 039) among girls and 15.9% (831/5 231) among boys; the difference showed statistical significance (P<0.001). The prevalence of neck-shoulder symptoms was separately 13.3% (253/1 901) in seventh grade, 16.8% (326/1 942) in eighth grade, 18.5% (299/1 617) in ninth grade, 21.8% (417/1 915) in sophomore, 21.4% (345/1 611) in junior, 25.5% (328/1 284) in senior; the difference showed statistical significance (P<0.001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that in the last 3 months, students who always playing mobile phone ≥40 min continuously (OR=4.66, 95%CI: 3.95-5.49), watching TV ≥40 min continuously (OR=4.01, 95%CI: 3.39-4.73), using computer ≥40 min continuously (OR=3.61, 95%CI: 3.09-4.23), doing homework ≥60 min continuously (OR=3.25, 95%CI: 2.79-3.79), the average daily sitting time ≥10 h (OR=4.95, 95%CI: 4.25-5.77), and always sitting ≥90 min continuously (OR=5.18, 95%CI: 4.42-6.06) were risk factors of neck-shoulder symptoms. Conclusion: The prevalence of neck-shoulder symptoms was high among middle school students in China, especially girls in senior grades. Long time, high frequency video behaviors and sedentary behaviors were related to the occurrence of neck-shoulder symptoms among middle school students.

[Study on relationship between outdoor activities and self-reported myopia among middle school students].

Objective: To examine the relationship between the prevalence of self-reported myopia and outdoor activities among middle school students and to explore the influence factors of the self-reported myopia. Methods: A total of 12 979 participants were recruited from junior and senior middle school students in in Shenzhen, Nanchang, Zhengzhou and Shenyang by random cluster sampling method between December 2015 and March 2016. All participants completed an anonymous questionnaire to collect the information of demographic characteristics, self-reported myopia, outdoor activities, etc. 12 603 out of 12 979 copies of questionnaire were valid. The prevalence of self-reported myopia was compared among middle school students with different characteristics. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationship between myopia and outdoor activities. Results: The prevalence of self-reported myopia among middle school students was 69.6% (8 766/12 603); which was separately 52.1% (1 216/2 335) in seventh grader, 61.6% (1 459/2 369) in eighth grader, 69.0%(1 470/2 129) in ninth grader, 80.0% (1 812/2 265) in freshmen, 79.4% (1 622/2 042) in sophomore, and 81.1%(1 187/1 463) in junior. The prevalence of self-reported myopia showed an increasing trend with the increase of grade (χ(2)=639.67, P<0.001). The prevalence of self-reported myopia was separately 63.5%(4 927/7 756) in non-myopic parents group, 78.0%(2 664/3 415)in either myopic parent group, and 82.1%(1 175/1 432) in both myopic parents group(χ(2)=328.28, P<0.001). Outdoor activities were associated with self-reported myopia. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of self-reported myopia was significantly increased by always staying at home in extracurricular time among the middle school students (OR=1.58, 95%CI: 1.36-1.82). The risk of self-reported myopia were significantly decreased by always physical exercise and recreational activities after school among middle school students: the ORs were separately 0.67 (95%CI: 0.57-0.78) for physical exercise and 0.77 (95%CI: 0.64-0.92) for recreational activities. After stratified analysis by the parents' myopia status, in non-myopic parents group, exercise and recreational activities after school among middle school students decreased the risk of myopia: the ORs were separately 0.68 (95%CI: 0.55-0.82) for physical exercise and 0.76 (95%CI: 0.61-0.95) for recreational activities; in either myopic parent group, OR(95%CI) were separately 0.65 (0.47-0.90) and 0.68 (0.47-0.98). Conclusion: Outdoor activities was negatively associated with self-reported myopia among middle school students. However, the parents' myopia status may affect the protective effect.

Computational and photoelectron spectroscopic study of the dipole-bound anions, indole(H2O)1,2 (.).

We report our joint computational and anion photoelectron spectroscopic study of indole-water cluster anions, indole(H2O)1,2 (-). The photoelectron spectra of both cluster anions show the characteristics of dipole-bound anions, and this is confirmed by our theoretical computations. The experimentally determined vertical electron detachment (VDE) energies for indole(H2O)1 (-) and indole(H2O)2 (-) are 144 meV and 251 meV, respectively. The corresponding theoretically determined VDE values for indole(H2O)1 (-) and indole(H2O)2 (-) are 124 meV and 255 meV, respectively. The vibrational features in the photoelectron spectra of these cluster anions are assigned as the vibrations of the water molecule.

Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and adverse pregnancy outcomes among Chinese women: Results from the C-ABCS.

The aim of this study was to investigate associations between pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and adverse pregnancy outcomes among Chinese pregnant women. A prospective population-based cohort study was performed using data collected as part of the China-Anhui Birth Cohort Study or C-ABCS. A total of 13,121 pregnant women who received the first prenatal visit were enrolled from November 2008 to October 2010. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate associations between pre-pregnancy BMI and pregnancy outcomes. Results indicated that the increased pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with a number of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as hypertensive disorder (adjusted relative risk (ARR) 2.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5-3.6), gestational diabetes (ARR 3.5, 95% CI 2.3-5.2), caesarean delivery (ARR 2.0, 95% CI 1.6-2.4), and medically indicated preterm delivery (ARR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-2.9). Women with pre-pregnancy BMI above the normal range pose an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

[The mid- to long-term effect of Wallis lumbar interspinous dynamic stabilization on the adjacent segment degeneration].

Objective: To explore the mid- to long-term effect of Wallis interspinous dynamic stabilization system on the adjacent segment degeneration. Methods: From March 2009 to June 2010, in Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, 24 patients with L4-5 monosegmental lumbar disc herniation were treated with posterior lumbar decompression combined with Wallis interspinous dynamic fixation. Clinical outcomes were evaluated with visual analogue score (VAS) (back pain), VAS (leg pain) and oswestry disability index (ODI) score. Intervertebral disc height (IDH) and range of motion (ROM) of the upper and lower adjacent segments were measured on X-ray. The degneration of lumbar intervertebral disc was evaluated on MRI. paired-t test was used to compare preoperative VAS, ODI, IDH, ROM and the degeneration of lumbar intervertebral disc with those at the final follow-up. Results: Twenty patients had a mean follow-up time of (65.2±4.7) months. At the final follow-up, VAS (back pain), VAS (leg pain) and ODI showed significant improvement (all P<0.01). At the final follow-up, IDH of the upper and lower adjacent segment showed no significant difference compared with those preoperatively (P>0.05); ROM of the upper adjacent segment increased (P<0.05), while ROM of the lower adjacent segment did not change significantly compared with that preoperatively (P>0.05). The degeneration of intervertebral discs at the upper and lower segments showed no significant changes at the final follow-up (P>0.05). Conclusions: Posterior decompression combined with Wallis interspinous dynamic stabilization system for monosegmental lumbar disc herniation can achieve satisfactory clinical results. More than five years' follow-up confirmed that the Wallis system will not accelerate adjacent segment degeneration.

Effects of environmental factors on sperm motility and fertilization rate of Phascolosoma esculenta.

The study investigated the effects of environmental factors (salinity, pH, ions and activation media) on sperm motility (activation rate, duration of quick movement, and lifespan) and fertilization rate of Phascolosoma esculenta. The results showed that spermatozoa in the coelom and nephridium are able to move quickly. The optimal salinity was 14.64 to 43.35 and the optimal pH was 6.46 to 9.53 for sperm activation and motility, whereas the ranges for fertilization were narrower (18.56 to 30.3 for salinity and 6.46 to 8.61 for pH). Of the ions studied, Na+ was indispensable for sperm motility and fertilization, and Ca2+ and Mg2+ were necessary for fertilization. P. esculenta sperm could not fertilize eggs and have short lifespans in 200 to 600 mmol/L NaCl and KCl solutions. Furthermore, they could not be activated or move in 200 to 600 mmol/L CaCl2, MgSO4, and sucrose solutions.

Soil moisture effect on bacterial and fungal community in Beilu River (Tibetan Plateau) permafrost soils with different vegetation types.

AIM: This study investigated the effects of environmental variables on the bacterial and fungal communities of the Beilu River (on the Tibetan Plateau) permafrost soils with different vegetation types. METHODS AND RESULTS: Microbial communities were sampled from meadow, steppe and desert steppe permafrost soils during May, June, August and November, and they were analysed by both pyrosequencing and the use of Biolog EcoPlates. The dominant bacterial and fungal phyla in meadow and steppe soils were Proteobacteria and Ascomycota, whereas Actinobacteria and Basidiomycota predominated in desert steppe soils. The bacterial communities in meadow soils degraded amines and amino acids very rapidly, while polymers were degraded rapidly by steppe communities. The RDA patterns showed that the microbial communities differed greatly between meadow, steppe and desert steppe, and they were related to variations in the soil moisture, C/N ratio and pH. A UniFrac analysis detected clear differences between the desert steppe bacterial community and others, and seasonal shifts were observed. The fungal UniFrac patterns differed significantly between meadow and steppe soils. There were significant correlations between the bacterial diversity (H') and soil moisture (r = 0.506) and C/N (r = 0.527). The fungal diversity (Hf') was significantly correlated with the soil pH (r = 0.541). CONCLUSION: The soil moisture, C/N ratio and pH were important determinants of the microbial community structure in Beilu River permafrost soils. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: These results may provide a useful baseline for predicting the variation in microbial communities in response to climate changes.

Formation dynamics of excitons and temporal behaviors of Fano resonance due to the exciton-impurity-phonon configuration interaction in ZnO.

Formation dynamics of free and neutral donor bound excitons (FX and D(0)X) in a high quality ZnO single crystal are studied by means of time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) at various temperatures. At low-temperatures, FX and D(0)X formation times are determined to be ~5 and ~10 ps, respectively, by fitting the rise process with the Boltzmann sigmoidal function. Temporal information of FX- and D(0)X-longitudinal optical (LO) phonon coupling is also acquired by measuring TRPL spectra of the first-order LO phonon-assisted FX and D(0)X transitions. In particular, interesting time evolution of luminescence intensity in the Fano resonance region due to the configuration interaction of exciton-impurity-phonon is explored.

[Research progress on influencing factors of hyperopia reserve in children].

In recent years, myopia among children and adolescents has become widespread, younger, and more severe in China. As the predecessor of the onset of myopia, hyperopia reserve has received increasing attention. Premature depletion of the hyperopia reserve predicts myopia's rapid and premature onset. Depleting the hyperopia reserve in children is influenced by many factors, such as pregnancy complications, pregnancy nutrition, premature birth, breastfeeding, growth velocity, outdoor activities, prolonged work and sleeping. This paper reviews the physiological changes in children's hyperopia reserve and the factors influencing children's hyperopia reserve, aiming to provide evidence for the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents at an early age.

[Prevalence and correlates of HIV infection among cross-border families in Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture].

Objective: To study the prevalence and correlations of HIV infection among cross-border couples in the Dehong prefecture. Methods: A cross-sectional mass screening study with questionnaire interview and HIV testing was conducted among 17 594 registered cross-border couples from May 2017 through June 2018. Results: Among 32 400 participants, the overall prevalence of HIV infection was 2.27% (736/32 400), 2.44% (375/15 372) for Chinese citizens, and 2.12% (361/17 028) for foreign spouses. Among all the 13 853 couples with both spouses receiving HIV testing, 13 415(96.84%) were seroconcordant-negative couples, 142(1.03%) were serocondordant-positive couples, and 296(2.13%) were serodiscordant couples, including 167(1.20%) couples with positive husband and negative wife and 129(0.93%) couples with positive wife and negative husband. Multiple logistic regression analyses indicated that HIV infection was associated with drug use and risky sexual behaviors for male spouses. In contrast, HIV infection was associated with risky sexual behaviors for female spouses. Conclusion: The prevalence of HIV among cross-border couples in Dehong prefecture is high, underscoring the urgent need to scale up HIV testing, prevention, and behavioral intervention.

Post-operative implantation metastasis of craniopharyngioma: a case report.

Craniopharyngiomas are histologically benign epithelial tumours arising from squamous epithelial remnants of Rathke's pouch, which have a tendency to invade surrounding structures and recur after apparently complete resection. They represent the most frequent non-glial tumour in children, accounting for approximately 5% of paediatric brain neoplasms. Total resection of a craniopharyngioma may be difficult, and recurrence has been reported in 25-70% of patients. Recurrence often occurs at the primary site, although a few cases of ectopic recurrence along surgical or needle tracts have been reported. Here a case of metastatic adamantinomatous-type craniopharyngioma attributed to direct implantation by surgical procedure is presented, along with a review of the current literature on craniopharyngiomas.