RESUMO
Angiogenesis plays a critical role in many pathological processes, including irreversible blindness in eye diseases such as retinopathy of prematurity. Endothelial mitochondria are dynamic organelles that undergo constant fusion and fission and are critical signalling hubs that modulate angiogenesis by coordinating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and calcium signalling and metabolism. In this study, we investigated the role of mitochondrial dynamics in pathological retinal angiogenesis. We showed that treatment with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF; 20 ng/ml) induced mitochondrial fission in HUVECs by promoting the phosphorylation of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1). DRP1 knockdown or pretreatment with the DRP1 inhibitor Mdivi-1 (5 µM) blocked VEGF-induced cell migration, proliferation, and tube formation in HUVECs. We demonstrated that VEGF treatment increased mitochondrial ROS production in HUVECs, which was necessary for HIF-1α-dependent glycolysis, as well as proliferation, migration, and tube formation, and the inhibition of mitochondrial fission prevented VEGF-induced mitochondrial ROS production. In an oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mouse model, we found that active DRP1 was highly expressed in endothelial cells in neovascular tufts. The administration of Mdivi-1 (10 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.p.) for three days from postnatal day (P) 13 until P15 significantly alleviated pathological angiogenesis in the retina. Our results suggest that targeting mitochondrial fission may be a therapeutic strategy for proliferative retinopathies and other diseases that are dependent on pathological angiogenesis.
Assuntos
Movimento Celular , Dinaminas , Células Endoteliais da Veia Umbilical Humana , Subunidade alfa do Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Dinâmica Mitocondrial , Quinazolinonas , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Neovascularização Retiniana , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular , Dinâmica Mitocondrial/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Subunidade alfa do Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia/metabolismo , Humanos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Dinaminas/metabolismo , Dinaminas/antagonistas & inibidores , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Quinazolinonas/farmacologia , Neovascularização Retiniana/metabolismo , Neovascularização Retiniana/patologia , Neovascularização Retiniana/tratamento farmacológico , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , AngiogêneseRESUMO
Remediating soil contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) presents a significant environmental challenge due to their toxic and carcinogenic properties. Traditional PAHs remediation methods-chemical, thermal, and bioremediation-along with conventional soil-washing agents like surfactants and cyclodextrins face challenges of cost, ecological harm, and inefficiency. Here we show an effective and environmentally friendly calixarene derivative for PAHs removal through soil washing. Thiacalix[4]arene tetrasulfonate (TCAS) has a unique molecular structure of a sulfonate group and a sulfur atom, which enhances its solubility and facilitates selective binding with PAHs. It forms host-guest complexes with PAHs through π-π stacking, OH-π interactions, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, and electrostatic interactions. These interactions enable partial encapsulation of PAH molecules, aiding their desorption from the soil matrix. Our results show that a 0.7% solution of TCAS can extract approximately 50% of PAHs from contaminated soil while preserving soil nutrients and minimizing adverse environmental effects. This research unveils the pioneering application of TCAS in removing PAHs from contaminated soil, marking a transformative advancement in resource-efficient and sustainable soil remediation strategies.