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BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a major, prevalent risk factor for the development and progression of cerebrovascular disease. Regular exercise has been recommended as an excellent choice for the large population of individuals with mild-to-moderate elevations in blood pressure, but the mechanisms that underlie its vascular-protective and antihypertensive effects remain unknown. Here, we describe a mechanism by which myocyte AKAP150 (A-kinase anchoring protein 150) inhibition induced by exercise training alleviates voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ channel (CaV1.2) activity and restores cerebral arterial function in hypertension. METHODS: Spontaneously hypertensive rats and newly generated smooth muscle-specific AKAP150 knockin mice were used to assess the role of myocyte AKAP150/CaV1.2 channel in regulating cerebral artery function after exercise intervention. RESULTS: Activation of the AKAP150/PKCα (protein kinase Cα) signaling increased CaV1.2 activity and Ca2+ influx of cerebral arterial myocyte, thus enhancing vascular tone in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Smooth muscle-specific AKAP150 knockin mice were hypertensive with higher CaV1.2 channel activity and increased vascular tone. Furthermore, treatment of Ang II (angiotensin II) resulted in a more pronounced increase in blood pressure in smooth muscle-specific AKAP150 knockin mice. Exercise training significantly reduced arterial myocyte AKAP150 expression and alleviated CaV1.2 channel activity, thus restoring cerebral arterial function in spontaneously hypertensive rats and smooth muscle-specific AKAP150 knockin mice. AT1R (AT1 receptor) and AKAP150 were interacted closely in arterial myocytes. Exercise decreased the circulating Ang II and Ang II-involved AT1R-AKAP150 association in myocytes of hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: The current study demonstrates that aerobic exercise ameliorates CaV1.2 channel function via inhibiting myocyte AKAP150, which contributes to reduced cerebral arterial tone in hypertension.
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Proteínas de Ancoragem à Quinase A , Canais de Cálcio Tipo L , Artérias Cerebrais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Hipertensão , Músculo Liso Vascular , Miócitos de Músculo Liso , Ratos Endogâmicos SHR , Animais , Proteínas de Ancoragem à Quinase A/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ancoragem à Quinase A/genética , Canais de Cálcio Tipo L/metabolismo , Canais de Cálcio Tipo L/genética , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Hipertensão/metabolismo , Hipertensão/genética , Artérias Cerebrais/metabolismo , Artérias Cerebrais/fisiopatologia , Músculo Liso Vascular/metabolismo , Músculo Liso Vascular/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Miócitos de Músculo Liso/metabolismo , Condicionamento Físico Animal/fisiologia , Proteína Quinase C-alfa/metabolismo , Proteína Quinase C-alfa/genética , Sinalização do Cálcio , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos WKY , Angiotensina II , Pressão Sanguínea , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The imbalance of vasoconstrictor and vasodilator axes of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is observed in hypertension. Exercise regulates RAS level and improves vascular function. This study focused on the contribution of RAS axes in vascular function of mesenteric arteries and exercise-induced DNA methylation of the Agtr1a (AT1aR) and Mas1 (MasR) genes in hypertension. METHODS: Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and Wistar-Kyoto rats were randomized into exercise or sedentary group. Levels of plasma RAS components, vascular tone, and DNA methylation markers were measured. RESULTS: Blood pressure of SHR was markedly reduced after 12 weeks of aerobic exercise. RAS peptides in plasma were all increased with an imbalanced upregulation of Ang II and Ang-(1-7) in SHR, exercise revised the level of RAS and increased Ang-(1-7)/Ang II. The vasoconstriction response induced by Ang II was mainly via type 1 receptors (AT1R), while this contraction was inhibited by Mas receptor (MasR). mRNA and protein of AT1R and MasR were both upregulated in SHR, whereas exercise significantly suppressed this imbalanced increase and increased MasR/AT1R ratio. Exercise hypermethylated Agtr1a and Mas1 genes, associating with increased DNMT1 and DNMT3b and SAM/SAH. CONCLUSIONS: Aerobic exercise ameliorates vascular function via hypermethylation of the Agtr1a and Mas1 genes and restores the vasoconstrictor and vasodilator axes balance.
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Proto-Oncogene Mas/metabolismo , Hipertensão Arterial Pulmonar/terapia , Receptor Tipo 1 de Angiotensina/metabolismo , Angiotensina II/metabolismo , Animais , Artérias/metabolismo , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , DNA/metabolismo , Metilação de DNA/genética , Epigênese Genética/genética , Hipertensão/metabolismo , Masculino , Artérias Mesentéricas/fisiologia , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Condicionamento Físico Animal/métodos , Esforço Físico/genética , Esforço Físico/fisiologia , Hipertensão Arterial Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos SHR , Ratos Endogâmicos WKY , Receptor Tipo 1 de Angiotensina/fisiologia , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina/fisiologia , Vasodilatação/efeitos dos fármacos , Vasodilatadores/farmacologiaRESUMO
Asthma is a kind of chronic respiratory inflammation, commonly with breathlessness, chest tightness, coughing, recurrent episodes of wheezing and airflow obstruction, severely affecting human health. A variety of immunocytes are involved in this chronic disease. Chinese herbal medicine(CHM) has a long history in the treatment of asthma. A large number of studies have shown that CHM could ameliorate asthma symptoms through regulating cellular immune responses. This paper reviewed the studies of CHM on the regulation of immunocytes and their mechanisms in recent years, including the count of inflammatory cells, maturation of dendritic cells, balance of helper T cell subtypes, induction of regulatory T cells and intracellular signaling pathways. We also proposed the future research directions about the effects of CHM on asthma treatment.
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Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/uso terapêutico , Pesquisa Biomédica/tendências , Células Dendríticas , Humanos , Transdução de Sinais , Linfócitos T Auxiliares-IndutoresRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical value of rigid gas permeable contact lenses (RGPCLs) in patients with traumatic corneal scarring and address implications of primary corneal repair. METHODS: Eighteen subjects with a history of corneal laceration were fit with RGPCLs. Scar locations were divided into two zones; each patient was examined using Pentacam. Entering data included uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), spectacle-corrected visual acuity (SVA), time between injury and RGPCL fitting, location and size of scar, and amount of corneal astigmatism. Follow-up data included RGPCL visual acuity (RGPCLVA), RGPCL-related complications, and dropout characteristics. Visual acuity values were converted to logMAR for analysis. RESULTS: No serious complications occurred. The average time between suture removal and RGPCL fitting was 5.7±5.5 months. Average corneal astigmatism was -3.44±2.09 diopters. One subject had developed corneal ectasia. RGPCLVA was more than 0.1 in three subjects: one experienced primary corneal repair complications, and two subjects (<10 years) developed amblyopia. In both zones, the difference in RGPCLVA outcome between zone I and zone II was not statistically significant (F=0.060, P=0.809). The difference between SVA in zones I and II was found to be statistically significant (F=6.131, P=0.026), as were the differences between SVA and RGPCLVA (F=8.598, P=0.010). The scar size had no significant influence on RGPCLVA, SVA, or UCVA. Four participants (22.2%) were successfully fit. Dropout characteristics included ocular discomfort, inconvenience, parental apprehension, and low motivation. CONCLUSIONS: Rigid gas permeable contact lens is an ideal method for evaluating visual potential in patients with traumatic corneal astigmatism. Pentacam examinations of those patients with poor RGPCLVA can help an ophthalmologist find and understand existing problems in suture techniques.
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Lentes de Contato/normas , Lesões da Córnea/terapia , Lacerações/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Astigmatismo/etiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cicatriz/etiologia , Cicatriz/prevenção & controle , Lesões da Córnea/patologia , Lesões da Córnea/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Tempo , Acuidade Visual/fisiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
During our systematic study on the anticancer activities of Scutellaria barbata, scutebarbatine A (SBT-A), one of the major alkaloids in S. barbata, was found to have antitumor effects on A549 cells. Thus, we designed the present study to investigate in detail the antitumor effects of SBT-A. The cytotoxic effect of SBT-A on A549 in vitro were determined by an MTT assay and evaluated by IC50 values. Furthermore, results of Hoechst 33258 and Annexin V/PI staining assays demonstrated that SBT-A had significant antitumor effects on A549 cells via apoptosis, in a concentration-dependent manner. What's more, the mechanism was explored by western blotting, and our study revealed that SBT-A can up-regulate the expressions of cytochrome c, caspase-3 and 9, and down-regulate the levels of Bcl-2 in A549 cells. Finally, the antitumor effects of SBT-A were evaluated in vivo by using transplanted tumor nude mice, and the results confirmed that SBT-A has a notable antitumor effect on A549 cancer via mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Collectively, our results demonstrated that SBT-A showed significant antitumor effects on A549 cells in vivo and in vitro via mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by up-regulating expressions of caspase-3 and 9, and down-regulating Bcl-2.
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Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Naftóis/farmacologia , Niacina/farmacologia , Animais , Apoptose , Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Forma Celular , Humanos , Camundongos Nus , Carga Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
Purpose: To analyse the current status of outcome indicators in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD) with deficiency of qi and yin, and to provide a basis for constructing a core indicator set (COS) for TCM treatment of CHD. Methods: We searched the database of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), PubMed,etc. 8 databases in the last 5 years. RCTs of TCM for CHD included in core journals were evaluated for the risk of bias of the included studies, and the current status of the selection of outcome indicators was statistically analysed. Results: A total of 39 RCTs with a sample size of 44~398 cases were included, and 164 outcome indicators were reported, with a frequency of 383 applications. The outcome indicators were categorised into 6 indicator domains according to their functional attributes, which were, in descending order, safety indicators, physicochemical examination, effective rate, economic assessment, disease evidence score, and quality of life. The top 3 indicators in terms of frequency of application of outcome indicators were safety indicators, physical and chemical examination indicators, and efficiency, among which electrocardiogram, inflammation indicators, and clinical efficacy were the most frequently used; there were many different types of measurement tools for outcome indicators, among which total efficiency and TCM symptom points were the most frequently used; the time point of measurement was not the same. Conclusion: The RCTs of TCM for CHD in the last 5 years have many shortage in the selection of outcome indicators, and should actively promote the construction of the COS of TCM for CHD.
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Background: Sepsis is a common critical illness in intensive care unit (ICU) and an important risk factor for intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW). The objective of the study is to analyze the risk factors of ICU-AW in septic patients. Methods: A total of 264 septic patients admitted to the General Hospital of the Western Theater Command from January 2018 to April 2022 were included in this study. The cohort was divided into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of ICU-AW. Clinical characteristics included age, sex, body mass index, length of ICU stay, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation â ¡ (APACHE â ¡), mechanical ventilation time, intubation, tracheotomy, protective constraint, lactic acid, fasting blood glucose, etc. The clinical characteristics of sepsis were evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 114 septic patients suffered ICU-AW during their ICU stay. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that APACHE â ¡ score, mechanical ventilation time, protective constraint, and lactic acid were independent risk factors for ICU-AW in septic patients. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) were 0.791, 0.740 and 0.812, all P < 0.05, and the optimal cut-off values were 24 points, 5 days and 2.12 mmol/L, respectively. Conclusions: A high APACHE â ¡ score, long mechanical ventilation time, protective constraint and high lactate concentration are independent risk factors for ICU-AW in septic patients. An APACHE â ¡ score greater than 24 points, mechanical ventilation time longer than 5 days and lactate concentration higher than 2.12 mmol/L are likely to cause ICU-AW.
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Background: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) offers individualized treatment for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) through pattern differentiation, but the subjectivity of TCM diagnoses can lead to inconsistent outcomes. Integrating machine learning (ML) offers an objective basis to support TCM diagnoses. This study aims to evaluate various feature selection techniques and multi-label ML algorithms to develop an effective predictive model for classifying TCM patterns in PCOS patients, thereby enhancing diagnostic standardization and treatment personalization. Methods: The study utilized a dataset comprising 432 patients with PCOS, exhibiting one or more of five TCM patterns. Feature selection began with Variance Thresholding (VT), followed by a comparison of five advanced techniques: Statistical Analysis Test, Recursive Feature Elimination with Cross-Validation (RFECV), Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator Regression, BorutaShap, and ReliefF. To ascertain the most effective model for predicting PCOS TCM patterns, four ML algorithms-Support Vector Machine, Logistic Regression, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Artificial Neural Networks-were evaluated against the identified feature set. Results: VT reduced the feature count from 224 to 174. RFECV emerged as the most effective feature selection method, identifying 67 key features. XGBoost emerged as the top-performing model, demonstrating superior testing accuracy (0.7870), F1 score (0.9519), and Hamming loss (0.0481) with RFECV-optimized features. Conclusions: The RFECV-XGBoost model proved effective for classifying TCM patterns in PCOS. It emphasizes the necessity of precise feature selection and the significant capabilities of ML in advancing TCM pattern diagnostics, marking a significant step toward enhancing precise and personalized healthcare in biomedical studies.
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Aim of the Study: This study analyzes research on TCM formulae in CHD over the past 30 years, using VOSviewer and CiteSpace. It aims to highlight key trends and hotspots in the field. Materials and Methods: The core database of Web of Science was collected, and the search time range was from the establishment of the database to the present (August 2023) for the literature related to the study of TCM prescriptions in CHD, and the information on the number of literature, countries, journals, authors, institutions, keywords were summarized by applying the software VOSviewer and CiteSpace. Results: A total of 135 kinds of literature were included. The number of published journal papers on research on TCM therapeutic formulae for CHD showed an upward trend; China was the most prolific country in this field; the largest number of papers were published in Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, MEDICINE; the average number of citations for authors and institutional analysis revealed that Xu Hao of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mao Jingyuan of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Shang Hongcai of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine constituted the core team of researchers studying the study of TCM formulae for CHD; the keyword analysis suggests that there are mainly 42 specifically named TCM formulae for the treatment of CHD, which are classified into a total of 7 major categories, and the research direction is mainly in the clinical efficacy study of different TCM therapeutic formulae and other aspects. Conclusion: This study shows that there are more types of TCM therapeutic formulae for CHD, and the related research has a good prospect. It is foreseeable that more relevant research results will rely on the study of network pharmacology, signalling pathways, and action targets of TCM therapeutic formulae.
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Streptomyces, the largest genus in the Streptomycetaceae family and a prolific producer of antibacterial drugs, is a saprophytic soil organism that rarely causes invasive infections. Here we report a case of necrotic pneumonia caused by Streptomyces albireticuli in a 75-year-old man who presented with progressive chest tightness and dyspnea. Streptomyces albireticuli was isolated from his bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and identified through whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and phylogenetic analysis. The patient responded satisfactorily to clarithromycin therapy. The findings of this study may enhance our vigilance in identifying visceral infections caused by Streptomyces.
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Cistos , Pneumopatias , Pneumonia , Streptomyces , Masculino , Humanos , Idoso , Filogenia , Streptomyces/genética , PulmãoRESUMO
Tongue cracks refer to fissures with different depth and shapes on the tongue's surface, which can characterize the pathological characteristics of spleen and stomach. Tongue cracks are of great significance to the objective study of tongue diagnosis. However, tongue cracks are small and complex, existing methods are difficult to extract them effectively. In order to achieve more accurate extraction and identification of tongue crack, this paper proposes to apply a deep learning network based on image segmentation (Segmentation-Based Deep-Learning, SBDL) to extract and identify tongue crack. In addition, we have studied the quantitative description of tongue crack features. Firstly, the pre-processed tongue crack samples were amplified by using adding salt and pepper noise, changing the contrast and horizontal mirroring; secondly, the annotation tool Crack-Tongue was used to label tongue crack; thirdly, the tongue crack extraction model was trained by using SBDL; fourthly, the cracks on the tongue surface were detected and located by the segmentation network, and then the output and features of the segmentation network were put into the decision network for the classification of crack tongue images; finally, the tongue crack segmentation and identification results were quantitatively evaluated. The experimental results showed that the tongue crack extraction and recognition results based on SBDL were better than Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (Mask R-CNN), DeeplabV3+, U-Net, UNet++ and Semantic Segmentation with Adversarial Learning (SegAN). This method effectively solved the inaccurate tongue crack extraction caused by the tongue crack's color being close to the surrounding tongue coating's color. This method can achieve better tongue crack extraction and recognition results on a small tongue crack data set and provides a new idea for tongue crack recognition, which is of practical value for tongue diagnosis objectification.
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Aprendizado Profundo , Alimentos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Redes Neurais de Computação , Língua/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Background: Candida auris is a pathogen first found in external ear canal, becoming a major threat to global health. Here, we describe a candidemia case caused by a novel drug-resistant Candida auris strain. Case Presentation: An 80-year-old patient, with multiple serious medical conditions, was suffered from candidemia caused by Candida auris, died 9 days after admission in our hospital. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that this C. auris isolate (designated BJCA003) belongs to the South Asian clade, carries the Y132F mutation in the protein Erg11. And antibiotic susceptibility test indicated that BJCA003 is resistant to fluconazole and amphotericin B, not susceptible to caspofungin. In addition, this strain has multiple colony and cellular morphologies under different culture conditions. Conclusion: Strain BJCA003 is a novel drug resistant C. auris strain in mainland China, the Y132F mutation in Erg11 may attribute to fluconazole-resistance, alarming that we still face more challenges about C. auris.
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BACKGROUND: Patients with Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) experienced endocrine disorders that may present vascular function changes. This study aimed to classify and predict PCOS by radial pulse wave parameters using machine learning (ML) methods and to provide evidence for objectifying pulse diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). METHODS: A case-control study with 459 subjects divided into a PCOS group and a healthy (non-PCOS) group. The pulse wave parameters were measured and analyzed between the two groups. Seven supervised ML classification models were applied, including K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Trees, Random Forest, Logistic Regression, Voting, and Long Short Term Memory networks (LSTM). Parameters that were significantly different were selected as input features and stratified k-fold cross-validations training was applied to the models. RESULTS: There were 316 subjects in the PCOS group and 143 subjects in the healthy group. Compared to the healthy group, the pulse wave parameters h3/h1 and w/t from both left and right sides were increased while h4, t4, t, As, h4/h1 from both sides and right t1 were decreased in the PCOS group (P < 0.01). Among the ML models evaluated, both the Voting and LSTM with ensemble learning capabilities, demonstrated competitive performance. These models achieved the highest results across all evaluation metrics. Specifically, they both attained a testing accuracy of 72.174% and an F1 score of 0.818, their respective AUC values were 0.715 for the Voting and 0.722 for the LSTM. CONCLUSION: Radial pulse wave signal could identify most PCOS patients accurately (with a good F1 score) and is valuable for early detection and monitoring of PCOS with acceptable overall accuracy. This technique can stimulate the development of individualized PCOS risk assessment using mobile detection technology, furthermore, gives physicians an intuitive understanding of the objective pulse diagnosis of TCM. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Not applicable.
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Síndrome do Ovário Policístico , Feminino , Humanos , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/diagnóstico , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Análise de Onda de Pulso , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Aprendizado de MáquinaRESUMO
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease, with multiple genetic and environmental factors involving in its etiology. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene was reported to have important roles in the development and progression of SLE. In this study, a case-control study was carried out to investigate the effects of seven SNPs and I/D in ACE gene in the development of SLE in Northern China. Seven SNPs including A5466C, T3892C, A240T, C1237T, G2215A, A2350G and C3409T were genotyped by PCR-RFLP method, and I/D was examined by agarose gel electrophoresis followed PCR directly. 314 SLE patients were compared to 320 normal controls in the study. Data were analyzed by SPSS 13.0 and HaploView software. The frequency distribution of SNP A2350G and Alu I/D and five haplotypes (AAAACCCI, AGAACCTD, AAAATCTI, TAAATTTI and TAAATCTI) were demonstrated to be different between case and control groups significantly. Whereas other SNPs and haplotypes had no differences in two cohorts. The results revealed that variations of ACE gene had association with SLE, which indicated ACE gene may play an important role in pathogenesis of SLE in Northern Chinese Han population.
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Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/genética , Peptidil Dipeptidase A/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Adulto , Povo Asiático , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Estudos de Associação Genética , Haplótipos , Humanos , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/enzimologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Background. In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), most of the algorithms are used to solve problems of syndrome diagnosis that only focus on one syndrome, that is, single label learning. However, in clinical practice, patients may simultaneously have more than one syndrome, which has its own symptoms (signs). Methods. We employed a multilabel learning using the relevant feature for each label (REAL) algorithm to construct a syndrome diagnostic model for chronic gastritis (CG) in TCM. REAL combines feature selection methods to select the significant symptoms (signs) of CG. The method was tested on 919 patients using the standard scale. Results. The highest prediction accuracy was achieved when 20 features were selected. The features selected with the information gain were more consistent with the TCM theory. The lowest average accuracy was 54% using multi-label neural networks (BP-MLL), whereas the highest was 82% using REAL for constructing the diagnostic model. For coverage, hamming loss, and ranking loss, the values obtained using the REAL algorithm were the lowest at 0.160, 0.142, and 0.177, respectively. Conclusion. REAL extracts the relevant symptoms (signs) for each syndrome and improves its recognition accuracy. Moreover, the studies will provide a reference for constructing syndrome diagnostic models and guide clinical practice.
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Tongue texture analysis is of importance to inspection diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which has great application and irreplaceable value. The tough and tender classification for tongue image relies mainly on image texture of tongue body. However, texture discontinuity adversely affects the classification of the tough and tender tongue classification. In order to promote the accuracy and robustness of tongue texture analysis, a novel tongue image texture classification method based on image inpainting and convolutional neural network is proposed. Firstly, Gaussian mixture model is applied to separate the tongue coating and body. In order to exclude the interference of tongue coating on tough and tender tongue classification, a tongue body image inpainting model is built based on generative image inpainting with contextual attention to realize the inpainting of the tongue body image to ensure the continuity of texture and color change of tongue body image. Finally, the classification model of the tough and tender tongue inpainting image based on ResNet101 residual network is used to train and test. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves better classification results compared with the existing methods of texture classification of tongue image and provides a new idea for tough and tender tongue classification.
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Redes Neurais de Computação , Doenças da Língua , Humanos , Língua/diagnóstico por imagem , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa/métodosRESUMO
Objective: To analyze the characteristics of pulse graph parameters in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) varied at different body mass index (BMI) levels and to provide pulse diagnosis basis for syndrome differentiation and treatment of PCOS. Methods: Pulse graph parameters of 152 patients with PCOS (26 lean patients, 63 patients with moderate weight, and 63 overweight patients) were measured by a Z-BOX pulse meter, and the pulse graph parameters of patients with PCOS varied at different BMI levels were analyzed. Results: Fine pulse, slippery pulse, and string-like pulse were the most common pulse conditions in patients with PCOS. The common pulse conditions of patients with PCOS varied at different BMI levels. The order of pulse conditions was as follows: lean group: fine pulse > string-like pulse > slippery pulse; moderate group: fine pulse > slippery pulse > string-like pulse; and overweight group: slippery pulse > fine pulse > sunken pulse. Compared to the overweight group, the pulse graph parameters h1, h3, h4, h5, h4/h1, As, and Ad increased in the moderate group (P < 0.05), and the parameters h1, h3, and Ad increased (P < 0.05) and the parameter t1 decreased (P < 0.05) in the lean group. Conclusion: Pulse graph parameters among patients with PCOS varied at different BMI levels, which can probably provide pulse diagnosis basis for syndrome differentiation and treatment of PCOS by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).
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Histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) belongs to class II HDAC subfamily and is reported to be increased in the kidneys of diabetic patients and animals. However, little is known about its function and the exact mechanism in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Here, we found that HDAC5 was located in renal glomeruli and tubular cells, and significantly upregulated in diabetic mice and UUO mice, especially in renal tubular cells and interstitium. Knockdown of HDAC5 ameliorated high glucose-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HK2 cells, indicated in the increased E-cadherin and decreased α-SMA, via the downregulation of TGF-ß1. Furthermore, HDAC5 expression was regulated by PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway by LY294002 treatment or Akt phosphorylation mutation reduced HDAC5 and TGF-ß1 expression in vitro high glucose-cultured HK2 cells. Again, high glucose stimulation downregulated total m6A RNA methylation level of HK2 cells. Then, m6A demethylase inhibitor MA2 treatment decreased Akt phosphorylation, HDAC5, and TGF-ß1 expression in high glucose-cultured HK2 cells. In addition, m6A modification-associated methylase METTL3 and METTL14 were decreased by high glucose at the levels of mRNA and protein. METTL14 not METTL3 overexpression led to PI3K/Akt pathway inactivation in high glucose-treated HK2 cells by enhancing PTEN, followed by HDAC5 and TGF-ß1 expression downregulation. Finally, in vivo HDACs inhibitor TSA treatment alleviated extracellular matrix accumulation in kidneys of diabetic mice, accompanied with HDAC5, TGF-ß1, and α-SMA expression downregulation. These above data suggest that METTL14-regulated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway via PTEN affected HDAC5-mediated EMT of renal tubular cells in diabetic kidney disease.
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Nefropatias Diabéticas/metabolismo , Histona Desacetilases/fisiologia , Túbulos Renais Proximais/metabolismo , Rim , Metiltransferases/metabolismo , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Células Epiteliais/patologia , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Histona Desacetilases/metabolismo , Humanos , Rim/metabolismo , Rim/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , PTEN Fosfo-Hidrolase/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: To clarify the mechanism of notoginsenoside R1 in the treatment of septic acute lung injury (ALI) based on network pharmacological analysis, and to verify it in the model of septic ALI in rats. METHODS: Based on database searching, the related targets of notoginsenoside R1 and ALI were identified, and the component-disease-target network was constructed. The core targets were screened by protein-protein interaction (PPI), and the functional enrichment of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) was analyzed. The rat model of septic ALI was further established to investigate the pharmacological effects of notoginsenoside R1. RESULTS: Notoginsenoside R1 possibly affected ALI through 150 targets, of which 36 were core targets. GO semantic similarity analysis showed that notoginsenoside R1 might play a role in regulating interleukin 17 (IL-17) signal pathway, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signal pathway and other key links by regulating MAPK1, MAPK3, IL-1ß and other targets. The results of pharmacological experiments showed that notoginsenoside R1 could significantly reduce the wet:dry ratio of the lung in an animal model of ALI, improve the pathological injury of the lung, and reduce the content of IL-1ß in serum and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of experimental animals. CONCLUSIONS: Notoginsenoside R1 can inhibit pulmonary edema, reduce inflammation, and improve lung lesions through multiple targets and pathways to achieve the pharmacological effects in the treatment of septic ALI.
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In this paper, factors contributing to the formation of pulse wave were analyzed based on hemodynamic principles. It is considered that formation of pulse wave was related to its propagation and reflection characteristics. Propagation of the pulse wave was characterized by pulse wave velocity, and reflection of the pulse wave was characterized by reflection coefficient. Pulse wave velocity and reflection coefficient were proposed as the eigenvectors of pulse wave in pulse diagnosis of traditional Chinese medicine, and support vector machine (SVM) was used to recognize slippery pulse, stringy pulse and plain pulse. Pulse wave velocity and reflection coefficient of the slippery, stringy and plain pulses in healthy people were calculated in this study, and SVM with Gaussian radial basis function was used for classifying. Results showed that pulse wave velocity and reflection coefficient with physiological and pathological significance had advantages in distinguishing slippery pulse, stringy pulse and plain pulse, which offered a new idea for recognizing pulse condition.