Biphasic dissolution test and its application in the evaluation of poorly soluble drug preparations / 药学学报

Biphasic dissolution test, consisting of immiscible aqueous and organic phase, is an in vitro dissolution method that simultaneously measures the dissolution and partition of drugs. Due to the advantages of simulating in vivo absorption and overcoming the influence of surfactants on dissolution, it has been widely used to evaluate the poorly soluble drugs in vitro dissolution. Based on the relevant research in this field in recent years, this review summarizes the history, dissolution device, theoretical model and application of the biphasic dissolution test. Finally, the prospects in the development of biphasic dissolution test are also outlined.

Clinical Observation on Orthopedics No.1 Prescription Combined with Celecoxib in Treating Knee Osteoarthritis with Middle Stage of Cold-dampness Syndrome / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the clinical efficacy of orthopedics No.1 prescription combined with celecoxib in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis （KOA） with middle stage of cold-dampness syndrome and investigate its effect on serum cytokines levels. Method:The 72 patients were randomly divided into control group and observation group， with 36 cases each. Patients in both groups were given basic treatment with oral celecoxib capsules （0.2 g/ time， 1 time/day）. On the basis of western medicine treatment， patients in observation group were treated with orthopedics No.1 prescription decoction-free granules by fumigation， 1 bag/time， 1 time/day， 5 times/week. Both groups received treatment for 4 weeks. The visual analog pain score （VAS）， American knee society knee score （KSS）， serum interleukin-1<italic>β </italic>（IL-1<italic>β</italic>）， tumor necrosis factor-<italic>α </italic>（TNF-<italic>α</italic>）， and transforming growth factor-<italic>β</italic>₁（TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁） levels were observed before and after treatment， and their clinical efficacy was evaluated. Result:After treatment， VAS score significantly decreased in both groups （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and KSS score significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， with better clinical effect in observation group. After treatment， serum IL-1<italic>β</italic> and TNF-<italic>α</italic> levels decreased significantly in both groups （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and the levels in observation group were lower than those in control group after treatment （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. TGF<italic>-β</italic>₁content was significantly higher than that before treatment in two groups （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:Orthopedics No.1 prescription combined with celecoxib for the treatment of KOA with middle stage of cold-dampness syndrome can effectively relieve the clinical symptoms of patients with KOA， improve joint function， improve quality of life， reduce the contents of inflammatory factors IL-1<italic>β</italic> and TNF-<italic>α</italic> in serum， and increase the expression of TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁ level.

Advances in Research on Pharmacological Effect of Astragaloside Ⅳ on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Astragalus membranaceus has the effect of tonifying Qi and solid surface， diuretic support poison， discharging pus and astringent sores to produce muscle. It is not only used for syndromes such as deficiency of lung and temper， deficiency of spleen and diarrhea， but also for stroke， chest obstruction and other diseases. Due to the complex chemical composition and diverse pharmacological effect of Astragalus membranaceus， and the main role in invigorating qi and activating blood circulation has not been clarified. Astragaloside Ⅳ is one of its main active ingredients. In recent years， more and more studies on Astragaloside Ⅳ have been conducted at home and abroad. It has been reported that it has the medicinal value of enhancing immune function， strengthening heart and lowerin blood glucose， diuresis， anti-aging and anti-fatigue， et al， and has extensive pharmacological activity. Among them， the role of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in particular has attracted increasing attention. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are ischemic or hemorrhagic diseases occurring in the heart， brain and systemic tissues due to blood viscosity， atherosclerosis， hypertension， hyperlipidemia， etc.， including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Such diseases are a serious threat to mankind and are the leading cause of death worldwide. At present， western medicine is the main treatment， with many adverse reactions and poor long-term prognosis. TCM believes that the imbalance of qi and blood is the basic pathogenesis of this kind of disease. Qi deficiency and blood stasis are more common.At present， Astragaloside Ⅳ in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in a number of studies， and achieved some results， but this review in recent years， Astragaloside Ⅳ in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases play the pharmacological activity， in order to explore whether Astragaloside Ⅳ is the main role of astragalus qi to find a theoretical basis for material basis， but also for the innovation of traditional Chinese medicine drug research and development of theoretical basis and practical guidance.

Epidemiological characteristics of 123 confirmed COVID-19 cases in Shangrao City， Jiangxi / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo describe the epidemiological characteristics of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Shangrao City， and provide scientific evidence for the development of prevention and control strategies. MethodsEpidemiological characteristics of 123 confirmed cases， such as time， sex， age， occupations， area， and source of infection， were analyzed by combining epidemiological investigation with laboratory testing. ResultsOf the 123 confirmed cases， 34 were imported cases and 89 were local cases. The sex ratio was 1.32∶1. Average time interval of the COVID-19 was （18.4±4.4） days， with a median time interval between the onset and final diagnosis of 5 days. There were 19 clustering cases， of which 89.5% were family clusters and 77.3% occurred in families. Majority of the cases were common type. The main source of infection was travelers from the epidemic areas. ConclusionHealth monitoring of travelers from epidemic areas and strict quarantine of close contacts are the main measures to control the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic.

Epidemiological characteristics of 123 confirmed COVID-19 cases in Shangrao City， Jiangxi / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo describe the epidemiological characteristics of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Shangrao City， and provide scientific evidence for the development of prevention and control strategies. MethodsEpidemiological characteristics of 123 confirmed cases， such as time， sex， age， occupations， area， and source of infection， were analyzed by combining epidemiological investigation with laboratory testing. ResultsOf the 123 confirmed cases， 34 were imported cases and 89 were local cases. The sex ratio was 1.32∶1. Average time interval of the COVID-19 was （18.4±4.4） days， with a median time interval between the onset and final diagnosis of 5 days. There were 19 clustering cases， of which 89.5% were family clusters and 77.3% occurred in families. Majority of the cases were common type. The main source of infection was travelers from the epidemic areas. ConclusionHealth monitoring of travelers from epidemic areas and strict quarantine of close contacts are the main measures to control the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic.

Comparisons of aortic anatomy between aortic stenosis and aortic regurgitation / 中国介入心脏病学杂志

Objective To compare aortic root anatomical characteristics between severe aortic valve stenosis (AS) and aortic regurgitation (AR) patients, and to provide useful information for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) device designs and procedural techniques for treatment of AR. Methods Consecutive patients admitted between April 2014 to May 2016 with severe AS or AR and planned to undergo transcatheter aortic valve replacement were included. There were a total of 57 AR and 113 AS patients. All patients underwent multi-detector computed tomographic imaging and echocardiography examinations. Results The mean aortic annulus diameter in AR patients was slightly but significantly larger than AS patients[ (26.4±3.7) mm vs. (25.2±2.9) mm, P=0.001]. The mean diameters of the ascending aorta[ (38.3±6.9) mm vs. (33.9±6.7) mm, P<0.001]and Valsalva sinus[ (38.9±6.9) mm vs. (32.7±4.5) mm, P<0.001] in AR patients were larger than in AS patients. The left coronary ostia height was of no significant difference between the 2 groups [ (12.5±3.7) mm vs. (13.4±3.2) mm, P=0.08] and the right coronary ostia height was higher in the AR group than in the AS group [ (17.5±5.0) mm vs. (15.3±3.3) mm, P=0.001]. Conclusions The anatomical aortic root data from patients with AS or AR in the present study may provide useful information for transcatheter aortic valve replacement device designs and procedural techniques for treatment of AR.

Study of application of comprehensive rehabilitation therapy in patients with hypertension / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective:To analyze therapeutic effect of comprehensive rehabilitation therapy on patients with hypertension. Methods:A total of 100 patients with hypertension treated in our hospital were enrolled.According to random number ta-ble,they were randomly and equally divided into routine treatment group and comprehensive rehabilitation therapy group (received comprehensive rehabilitation therapy based on routine treatment).After one month,blood pressure,body mass index(BMI),6min walking distance(6MWD),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)before and after treatment,and acute onset times of hypertension during treatment were observed and compared between two groups.Results:Compared with before treatment,there were significant reductions in blood pressure,and significant rise in 6MWD and LVEF after treatment in two groups,P<0.01 all;compared with routine treatment group after treatment,there were significant re-ductions in blood pressure[(136.53 ± 9.25)/(83.52 ± 5.24)mmHg vs.(118.53 ± 6.53)/(78.42 ± 6.53)mmHg], BMI[(23.43 ± 3.12)kg/m2vs.(20.53 ± 2.24)kg/m2]and mean times of acute onset[(6.8 ± 3.5)times vs.(3.2 ± 1.2) times],and significant rise in 6MWD[(325.12 ± 65.39)m vs.(368.34 ± 89.52)m],LVEF[(55.34 ± 4.22)% vs. (60.95 ± 2.53)%]in comprehensive rehabilitation therapy group after treatment,P<0.01 all.Conclusion:Comprehen-sive rehabilitation therapy possesses good therapeutic effect on patients with hypertension.It can significantly decrease blood pressure,increase exercise capacity,improve cardiac function and reduce acute onset times of hypertension in these patients,which is worth extending in clinic.

Research Progress of CircRNA and Its Application Prospect in Forensic Medicine / 法医学杂志

Circular RNA(circRNA)is a type of noncoding RNA with tissue specificity and high stabil-ity, which forms a closed continuous loop and is abundantly expressed in tissue cells. According to re-cent research, the regulatory function of circRNA elucidating in the occurrence and development of dis-ease shows a potential for diagnosing clinical disease and revealing disease mechanism. This paper re-views the biological characteristics, analysis methods of circRNA and its research progress in clinical ap-plication as biomarker, and outlooks its application in the field of forensic medicine.

Ethanol extract of Ilex hainanensis Merr. exhibits anti-melanoma activity by induction of G/S cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate anti-melanoma effect of ethanol extract of Ilex hainanensis Merr. (IME) and elucidate its underlying mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-six tumor-bearing mice were randomized into 6 groups (n=6) as follows: model group, IME 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg groups and dacarbazine (DTIC) 70 mg/kg group. The mice in the IME treatment groups were intragastrically administered with IME 25, 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg per day, respectively. The mice in the DTIC group were intraperitoneally injected with DTIC 70 mg/kg every 2 days. The drug administration was lasting for 14 days. The cell viability was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dime-thylthylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Flow cytometry was employed to detect cell cycle and apoptosis. The gene and protein expressions of nuclear factor κB-p65 (NF-κB-p65), Bcl-2, B-cell lymphomaextra large (Bcl-xL) and Bax were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses. Caspases-3, -8, and -9 activities were detected using the colorimetric method. In addition, a B16-F10 melanoma xenograft mouse model was used to evaluate the anti-cancer activity of IME in vivo. Furthermore, a survival experiment of tumor-bearing mice was also performed to evaluate the possible toxicity of IME.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>IME significantly inhibited the proliferation of B16-F10 cells (P<0.01). Flow cytometric analysis showed that IME induced G/S cell cycle arrest and apoptosis (both P<0.01). IME inhibited activation of NF-κB, decreased the gene and protein expressions of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and increased the gene and protein expressions of Bax (all P<0.01). In addition, IME induced the activation of Caspases-3, -8, and -9 in B16-F10 cells. The study in vivo showed that IME significantly reduced tumor volume (P<0.01), and the inhibitory rate came up to 68.62%. IME also induced large areas of necrosis and intra-tumoral apoptosis that correlated with a reduction in tumor volume. Survival experiment showed that treatment with IME for 14 days significantly prolonged survival time and 20% of mice in the IME 200 mg/kg group were still alive until the 50th day. Notably, IME showed no apparent side-effects during the treatment period.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>IME exhibited significant anti-melanoma activity in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that IME might be a promising effective candidate with lower toxic for malignant melanoma therapy.</p>

Research Progress of circRNA and Its Significance in Forensic Science / 法医学杂志

RNA has received more attention in the field of forensic medicine and the development of the new biological markers based on RNA shows great significance in the analysis of complex cases. circular RNA (circRNA) is a kind of non-coding RNA which is widely reported recently. Although the regulatory mechanisms of generation and expression are not fully clear, the existing research indicates that circRNA has important biological functions. CircRNA has a cell-type-specific expression with great stability and a high expression level, which makes it meaningful in forensic applications potentially. In this paper, the research progress, the generation and regulation of circRNA as well as its biological characteristics and functions are summarized, which will provide references for related studies and forensic applications.

Efficacy of combining temperature- and power-controlled radiofrequency ablation for malignant liver tumors / 癌症

<p><b>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE</b>Single mode of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) often leads to limited ablation in the zone of necrosis. This study clarifies the efficacy of combining temperature- and power-controlled RFA for malignant liver tumors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between April 2008 and August 2008, 58 patients with malignant liver tumors received RFA at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center. The patients were divided into 2 groups using a random number table: one group received combined temperature- and power-controlled RFA (the combination group), and the other group received power-controlled RFA alone (the control group).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Three patients were lost to follow-up and 55 patients were included for evaluation. Twenty-five patients with 29 tumors were treated by the combination RFA, and 27 tumors (93.1%) achieved either complete response (CR) or partial response (PR). One patient had a seriously decreased heart rate. In the control group, 30 patients with 32 tumors received power-controlled RFA, and 29 tumors (90.6%) achieved CR or PR. There were no serious complications. There was no difference between the combination and control groups in treatment time ((13.3 +/- 1.3) min vs. (10.2 +/- 2.3) min, P = 0.459). The number of sessions of RFA for the combination group was less than that of control group (1.3 sessions vs. 2.4 sessions), but the difference was not significant (P = 0.579).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>RFA controlling both temperature and power is effective and safe for patients with malignant liver tumors, and the number of sessions of RFA for the combination group was less than that of the control group.</p>

Clinical observation of sorafenib monotherapy in Chinese patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the efficacy and safety of sorafenib monotherapy in Chinese patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-eight patients with advanced HCC of Child-Pugh status A or B were included in this study. Patients received orally administered sorafenib at a dose of 400 mg twice a day on a continuous schedule. Adverse events were documented. The efficacy and safety were evaluated every four to six weeks.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During the treatment, partial response (PR) was observed in 1 patient (2.6%), minor response (MR) in 5 (13.2%), stable disease (SD) in 16 (42.1%), and progressive disease (PD) in 16 (42.1%), respectively. The median oral administration time of sorafenib was 180 days (range, 15-550 d), and the mean overall survival was 370 days (range, 42-562 days). The median response duration was 169 days (range, 42-426 days). The mean overall survival of 22 patients with controlled disease (PR + MR + SD) was 428 days (95% CI 330-526 days). The most frequent adverse events were dermal reaction (27 cases, 71.1%), gastrointestinal reaction (25 cases, 65.8%), and constitutional symptoms (14 cases, 36.8%). Most of the drug related adverse events were mild and easily to manage and reversible.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Sorafenib monotherapy is effective and tolerable in a part of Chinese patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and liver function of Child-Pugh A or B, and may prolong their survival.</p>

Effects of carbon-coated iron nanocrystals combined with epirubicin on HepG-2 cells and its acute toxicity in mice / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the cytotoxicity of carbon-coated iron nanoparticles (CCIN) and epirubicin-loaded CCIN on Hep-G2 cells in vitro and compare the acute toxicities of epirubicin and epirubicin-loaded CCIN in mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The cytotoxicities of CCIN and epirubicin-loaded CCIN on HepG2 cells were assessed using MTT assay, and the uptake of CCIN by the tumor cells was observed by optical and electron microscopy. Different doses of epirubicin and equivalent doses of epirubicin-loaded CCIN were injected intravenously in mice to compare their acute toxicities.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Optical and electron microscopy revealed cytoplasmic uptake of CCIN in the tumor cells without obvious destruction of the cell structural integrity. Incubation of the HepG-2 cells with different concentrations of CCIN suspension did not result in significant variation in the mean absorbance. MTT assay showed reduced cytotoxicity of epirubicin-loaded CCIN in HepG2 cells as compared with that of epirubicin alone. The cell growth inhibition rate was significantly higher with epirubicin-CCIN mixture that contained a lower proportion of CCIN. In acute toxicity experiment with mice, the median lethal dose (LD(50)) of epirubicin was 16.9 mg/kg, while that of epirubicin-CCIN mixture was 20.7 mg/kg.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CCIN uptake by HepG-2 cells does not cause obvious cytotoxicity in vitro within a certain concentration range, epirubicin-loaded CCIN has reduced cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells as compared with epirubicin, and the cytotoxicity of the mixture decreases with the increase in the CCIN content in the mixture. Epirubicin delivery in mixture with CCIN can reduce its acute toxicity in mice.</p>

Adsorption and sustained release of epirubicin from carbon-coated iron nanocrystals / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the adsorption and desorption of epirubicin (EADM) by carbon-coated iron nanocrystals (CCIN).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>EADM standard curve was generated. After thorough mixture of CCIN and EADM with sonication, the mixture solution was centrifuged at high speed to obtain dissociated EADM for evaluating the adsorption capacity of CCIN. A dialyzer was used to evaluate the desorption of drug-loaded CCIN particles in different media (PBS, normal saline, or distilled water), at different temperatures, and with different quantities of loaded drug.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The adsorption of EADM by CCIN presented linear adsorption before saturation and saturation adsorption, with an adsorption saturation point of about 160 microg/mg. The desorption of EADM from CCIN particles was affected by such factors as the extraction media, temperature, and quantity of the loaded drug. Compared to distilled water, PBS and normal saline improved the release rate of EADM from the drug-loaded CCIN particles. Higher temperature also contributed to higher release rate of EADM. Higher release rate of EADM occurred after the CCIN particles adsorbed greater amount of EADM.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CCIN shows an EADM adsorption pattern of Langmuir isotherm adsorption. Such factors as higher temperature, PBS solution, higher speed of medium replacement, and more drug adsorbed all contribute to a higher release rate of EADM.</p>

Acute toxicity of carbon-coated iron nanocrystal and its effect on liver and kidney functions and hematological system / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the acute toxicity of carbon-coated iron nanocrystal (CCIN) in mice and its effects on hepatic, renal and hematological functions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Acute toxicity of CCIN was evaluated by observing the toxic reactions in mice within 14 days following intravenous injection of different doses of CCIN particles. The liver and kidney functions and blood chemistry were tested in rats before and at different time points after CCIN injection.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median lethal dose (LD(50)) of CCIN particles given by intravenous injection was 203.8 mg /kg in mice. Within the intravenous dose of 80 mg /kg injection, CCIN caused only mild alterations of the rats' biochemical and hematological indices that recovered without intervention in two weeks.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CCIN is characterized by low acute toxicity and mild side effects on the hepatic, renal and hematological functions within a certain dose range.</p>

Experience of radiofrequency ablation on liver malignancies: a report of 803 cases / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize the 8-year experience of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) on liver malignancies and explore the effect and prognostic factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From August 1999 to February 2007, 803 patients with liver malignancies, among which there were 672 with primary liver cancer (PLC) and 131 with liver metastasis, were treated with RFA. There were 781 cases who were performed percutaneously under the guidance of ultrasound, 8 cases under CT, 9 cases with laparoscopy and 5 cases with laparotomy. And there were 117 cases who were treated by RFA combined with percutaneous ethanol injection and 108 cases by RFA combined with trans-catheter arterial chemoembolization.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the treatment of all the 803 patients with liver malignancies, the mortality was 0.25%, the rate of severe complications was 0.37%. The rate of complete ablation was 92.5%, the loco-recurrence rate was 13.8% and the 1, 2, 3, 4, 5-year survivals were 95.1%, 85.6%, 75.7%, 60.7% and 47.5%, respectively. For the 672 patients with PLCs, the 1, 2, 3, 4, 5-year survivals with stage Ia (Chinese staging system) were 97.8%, 91.5%, 84.6%, 77.1% and 61.9%, respectively, with stage Ib were 93.9%, 83.7%, 69.8%, 45.1% and 42.2%, respectively, with stage II were 86.2%, 67.3%, 47.3%, 17.2% and 0, respectively, and the 1, 2-year survivals with stage III were 67.8% and 0, respectively (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>RFA is a safe and effective method for liver malignancy, and the tumor size and stage are important prognostic factors.</p>

Preliminary results of postoperative adjuvant treatment with tamoxifen in colorectal cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate estrogen receptor (ER) expression and the effects of anti-estrogen therapy on the prognosis of colorectal carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>ER was measured in fresh colorectal cancer tissues by Dextran-coated charcoal (DCC) assay. The relationships between ER expression and clinicopathological parameters in colorectal cancer were analyzed. Tamoxifen was administrated postoperatively as adjuvant treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rate of ER in colorectal tumor tissues was 37.0%. The 5-year survival rates of tamoxifen group and control group were 66.7% and 72.5% respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. The distant metastasis rate of Tamoxifen group was significantly lower than that of control group (3% versus 20%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Some colorectal carcinomas are hormone-dependent tumors, and anti-estrogen therapy has no effect on them.</p>

Influence of surgical resection margin in hepatectomy on survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the effect of different resection margin in hepatectomy on recurrence and survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to determine an appropriate resection margin of hepatectomy for HCC patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>152 untreated HCC patients were randomly divided into two groups based on the distal and proximal resection margin according to direction of the portal vein flow. Seventy-four patients in the wide-margin group had a distal resection margin of 2 cm and a proximal of 1 cm away from the edge of the primary tumor, while 78 patients in the narrow-margin group had a resection margin of < 1 cm away from the edge of the primary tumor provided that the margin was proven to be histologically free of cancer cells. The distal and proximal margins were defined. The data were analyzed and compared using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Log rank test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean overall survival time of patients in wide-margin group and narrow-margin group were 42.0 months and 37.5 months, respectively. The mean tumor-free survival time of these two groups of patients were 35.5 months and 28.8 months, respectively. Patients in wide-margin group had significantly longer overall survival (t = 6.23, P = 0.0125) and tumor-free survival (t = 6.01, P = 0.0142) than patients in the narrow-margin group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In hepatectomy for hepatocellular cell carcinoma patients, wide distal resection margin of 2 cm and a proximal of 1 cm away from the edge of the primary tumors according to direction of the portal vein flow may reasonably improve the overall and tumor-free survival.</p>

Clinical treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the suitable treatment methods of small hepatocellular carcinoma (SHCC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From 2000 to 2004, 849 cases of SHCC (< or = c5 cm) were enrolled and divided into two groups: resection group (n = 406) and minimally invasive treatment (MIT) group (n = 443). The survival rates, recurrence rates, and post-treatment complications were compared retrospectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 3-year survival rate in the resection group was 72.1%. The 3-year survival rates in tumor < or = 3 cm and tumor 3-5 cm of resection group were 73.3% and 70.5% (P = 0.46), respectively. The 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year recurrence rates in resection group were 13.5%, 29.9%, and 39.8%, respectively. The 3-year survival rates in MIT group was 73.8%. The 3-year survival rates in tumor < or = 3 cm and tumor 3-5 cm of MIT group were 74.7% and 72.2% (P = 0.45), respectively. The 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year recurrence rates in MIT group were 12.6%, 28.7%, and 40.4%, respectively. The 3-year survival rate was significantly different between these two group in tumor < or = 3 cm (P < 0.05). The post-treatment complication rates of these two group were 30.8% and 6.1% (P < 0.01), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>MIT is as effective as the traditional resection in SHCC. However, MIT is superior to the traditional resection in terms of minimal invasion and less post treatment complication rate. The recurrence rate of HCC was still high after treatment. Comprehensive therapies, including MIT, may increase the survival rate and life quality in SHCC patients.</p>

Expression and clinical impact of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-2 in hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression and clinical impact of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety specimens obtained from HCC patients were examined immunohistochemically using anti-VEGF and anti-MMP-2 monoclonal antibodies.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rates of VEGF and MMP-2 expression in HCC tissues were 76.7% and 60%, respectively. The expression of MMP-2 in HCC tissues was positively correlated with the expression of VEGF (r(s) = 0.32) and both were positively correlated with recurrence (or metastasis) after hepatectomy (r(s) = 0.31, r(s) = 0.32). 2-year tumor-free survival rates of VEGF- group, VEGF+ group and VEGF++ group were 71.4%, 43.5%, 30.4%, respectively, (P < 0.01), while MMP-2- group 66.7% and MMP-2+ group 32.8% (P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed that the expression of VEGF and MMP-2 in HCC tissues, tumor microthrombus and pre-operative dissemination to lymph nodes were independent recurrence (or metastasis) risk factors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The expression of VEGF and MMP-2 in HCC tissues, and clinicopathological features (tumor microthrombus and pre-operative dissemination to lymph nodes), could be regarded as valuable indicators for prediction of recurrence (or metastasis) risk in HCC patients.</p>