RESUMO
AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the haemoglobin glycation index (HGI), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in adults with pre-diabetes and diabetes. METHODS: This study included 10 267 adults with pre-diabetes and diabetes from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2018. Sex-differentiated relationships between HGI and mortality were elucidated using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models, restricted cubic splines and a two-piecewise Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: During the median follow-up time of 103.5 months, a total of 535 CVD deaths and 1918 all-cause deaths were recorded. After multivariate adjustment, in males with pre-diabetes and diabetes, there was a U-shaped relationship between HGI and CVD mortality and all-cause mortality, with threshold points of -0.68 and -0.63, respectively. Before the threshold point, HGI was negatively associated with CVD mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 0.60; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41, 0.89] and all-cause mortality (HR 0.56; 95% CI 0.43, 0.74), and after the threshold point, HGI was positively associated with CVD mortality (HR 1.46; 95% CI 1.23, 1.73) and all-cause mortality (HR 1.40; 95% CI 1.23, 1.59). In contrast, HGI had an L-shaped relationship with all-cause mortality and no significant association with CVD mortality in females. To the left of the threshold points, the risk of all-cause mortality decreased (HR 0.50; 95% CI 0.35, 0.71) progressively with increasing HGI. CONCLUSIONS: In the cohort study, HGI in pre-diabetic and diabetic populations was found to have a U-shaped association with CVD mortality and all-cause mortality in males and an L-shaped association with all-cause mortality only in females. Further prospective and mechanistic studies are warranted.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Causas de Morte , Hemoglobinas Glicadas , Estado Pré-Diabético , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Estado Pré-Diabético/mortalidade , Estado Pré-Diabético/sangue , Estado Pré-Diabético/complicações , Doenças Cardiovasculares/mortalidade , Doenças Cardiovasculares/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/metabolismo , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Adulto , Fatores Sexuais , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Fatores de Risco , Diabetes Mellitus/mortalidade , Diabetes Mellitus/sangue , Idoso , Mortalidade , Estudos de Coortes , Modelos de Riscos ProporcionaisRESUMO
Aperiodic activity is derived from the electroencephalography (EEG) power spectrum and reflects changes in the slope and shifts of the broadband spectrum. Studies have shown inconsistent test-retest reliability of the aperiodic components. This study systematically measured how the test-retest reliability of the aperiodic components was affected by data duration (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 min), states (resting with eyes closed, resting with eyes open, performing mental arithmetic, recalling the events of the day, and mentally singing songs), and methods (the Fitting Oscillations and One-Over-F (FOOOF) and Linear Mixed-Effects Regression (LMER)) at both short (90-min) and long (one-month) intervals. The results showed that aperiodic components had fair, good, or excellent test-retest reliability (ranging from 0.53 to 0.91) at both short and long intervals. It is recommended that better reliability of the aperiodic components be obtained using data durations longer than 3 min, the resting state with eyes closed, the mental arithmetic task state, and the LMER method.
RESUMO
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), a prevalent sleep disorder in children, is characterized by recurring upper airway obstruction during sleep. OSAS in children can cause intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation, ultimately affect brain development and further lead to cognitive impairment if lack of timely effective intervention. In recent years, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electroencephalogram (EEG) have been employed to investigate brain structure and function abnormalities in children with OSAS. Previous studies have indicated that children with OSAS showed extensive gray and white matter damage, abnormal brain function in regions such as the frontal lobe and hippocampus, as well as a significant decline in general cognitive function and executive function. However, the existing studies mainly focused on the regional activity, and the mechanism of pediatric OSAS affecting brain networks remains unknown. Moreover, it's unclear whether the alterations in brain structure and function are associated with their cognitive impairment. In this review article, we proposed two future research directions: 1) future studies should utilize the multimodal neuroimaging techniques to reveal the alterations of brain networks organization underlying pediatric OSAS; 2) further investigation is necessary to explore the relationship between brain network alteration and cognitive dysfunction in children with OSAS. With these efforts, it will be promising to identify the neuroimaging biomarkers for monitoring the brain development of children with OSAS as well as aiding its clinical diagnosis, and ultimately develop more effective strategies for intervention, diagnosis, and treatment.
Assuntos
Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono , Humanos , Criança , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/complicações , Cognição , Hipóxia/complicações , Hipocampo , Lobo FrontalRESUMO
In this study, the self-assembly behavior of polyelectrolyte (PE) diblock copolymers in solutions containing mixtures of monovalent and multivalent counterions was investigated using molecular dynamics simulation. The properties of the assembled micelles and counterion condensations at different charge fractions of multivalent ions have been discussed. The bridging effect of multivalent ions induces the electrostatic correlations of the PE chains, leading to the fusion of large micelles and the formation of bulky aggregates. Notably, lamellar and well-organized face-centered cubic (FCC) arrangements of the assembled micelles were observed in the mixture of monovalent and trivalent ions. At large fractions of multivalent ions, cylindrical and lamellar precipitates composed of the assembled micelles were formed owing to the inter-connecting coronas. The mixtures of monovalent and multivalent counterions allow the regulation of the electrostatic interactions and tuning of the properties in assembled micelles.
RESUMO
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) is a serine/threonine kinase whose dysfunction results in cognitive impairment and Alzheimer-like pathology, including tau hyperphosphorylation. However, the mechanisms whereby GRK5 influences tau phosphorylation remain incompletely understood. In the current study, we showed that GRK5 influenced the phosphorylation of tau via glycogen synthase kinase 3ß (GSK3ß). The activity of both tau and GSK3ß in the hippocampus was increased in aged GRK5-knockout mice, which is consistent with what occurs in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Furthermore, GRK5 regulated the activity of GSK3ß and phosphorylated tau in vitro. Regardless of changes of GRK5 protein levels, tau hyperphosphorylation remained reduced after GSK3ß activity was inhibited, suggesting that GRK5 may specifically influence tau hyperphosphorylation by modulating GSK3ß activity. Taken together, our findings suggest that GRK5 deficiency contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease by influencing the hyperphosphorylation of tau through the activation of GSK3ß.
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Quinase 5 de Receptor Acoplado a Proteína G/metabolismo , Glicogênio Sintase Quinase 3 beta/metabolismo , Fosforilação/fisiologia , Proteínas tau/metabolismo , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/metabolismo , Precursor de Proteína beta-Amiloide/metabolismo , Animais , Disfunção Cognitiva/metabolismo , Células HEK293 , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Humanos , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/fisiologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Camundongos Transgênicos , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Increasing evidence suggests the important role of sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) in the pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the association between potential functional polymorphisms in the SIRT2 gene and PD still needs to be identified. Exploring the molecular mechanism underlying this potential association could also provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of this disorder. METHODS: Bioinformatics analysis and screening were first performed to find potential microRNAs (miRNAs) that could target the SIRT2 gene, and molecular biology experiments were carried out to further identify the regulation between miRNA and SIRT2 and characterize the pivotal role of miRNA in PD models. Moreover, a clinical case-control study was performed with 304 PD patients and 312 healthy controls from the Chinese Han population to identify the possible association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the miRNA binding sites of SIRT2 with the risk of PD. RESULTS: Here, we demonstrate that miR-486-3p binds to the 3' UTR of SIRT2 and influences the translation of SIRT2. MiR-486-3p mimics can decrease the level of SIRT2 and reduce a-synuclein (α-syn)-induced aggregation and toxicity, which may contribute to the progression of PD. Interestingly, we find that a SNP, rs2241703, may disrupt miR-486-3p binding sites in the 3' UTR of SIRT2, subsequently influencing the translation of SIRT2. Through the clinical case-control study, we further verify that rs2241703 is associated with PD risk in the Chinese Han population. CONCLUSION: The present study confirms that the rs2241703 polymorphism in the SIRT2 gene is associated with PD in the Chinese Han population, provides the potential mechanism of the susceptibility locus in determining PD risk and reveals a potential target of miRNA for the treatment and prevention of PD.
Assuntos
MicroRNAs/genética , Doença de Parkinson/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Sirtuína 2/genética , alfa-Sinucleína/metabolismo , Regiões 3' não Traduzidas , Idoso , Povo Asiático/genética , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Linhagem Celular , Feminino , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Masculino , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença de Parkinson/metabolismo , Agregação Patológica de Proteínas/genética , Agregação Patológica de Proteínas/metabolismo , Biossíntese de Proteínas , Sirtuína 2/metabolismoRESUMO
Using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy characterization, we observe that urea is able to recognize and interact with uracil efficiently even in the solid phase without involving water or solvents. A cocrystal configuration linked by a pair of hydrogen bonds between uracil and urea was formed. The terahertz absorption spectrum of the cocrystal shows a distinct new absorption at 0.8 THz (26.7 cm(-1)), which originates from the intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Both mechanical milling and heating can accelerate the reaction efficiently. Density functional theory was adopted to simulate the vibrational modes of the cocrystal, and the results agree well with the experimental observation. Multiple techniques, including powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, were performed to investigate the reaction process, and they presented supportive evidence. This work enables in-depth understanding of recognition and interaction of urea with nucleobases and comprehension of the denaturation related to RNA. We also demonstrate that terahertz spectroscopy is an effective and alternative tool for online measurement and quality control in pharmaceutical and chemical industries.
Assuntos
Espectroscopia Terahertz , Uracila/química , Ureia/química , Microscopia Eletrônica , Estrutura Molecular , Desnaturação de Ácido Nucleico , Difração de Pó , Teoria Quântica , RNA/química , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Temperatura , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The service platforms are migrating to clouds for reasonably solving long construction periods, low resource utilizations, and isolated constructions of service platforms. However, when the migration is conducted in service clouds, there is a little focus of deploying communication-intensive applications in previous deployment methods. To address this problem, this paper proposed the combination of the online deployment and the offline deployment for deploying communication-intensive applications in service clouds. Firstly, the system architecture was designed for implementing the communication-aware deployment method for communication-intensive applications in service clouds. Secondly, in the online-deployment algorithm and the offline-deployment algorithm, service instances were deployed in an optimal cloud node based on the communication overhead which is determined by the communication traffic between services, as well as the communication performance between cloud nodes. Finally, the experimental results demonstrated that the proposed methods deployed communication-intensive applications effectively with lower latency and lower load compared with existing algorithms.
Assuntos
Algoritmos , Comunicação , Simulação por Computador , Armazenamento e Recuperação da Informação , InternetRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Therapeutic horticulture (TH) is increasingly being applied for sub-health or patient mental health care. Whether plant and activity type will affect TH's effectiveness is unclear. AIM: To evaluate the feasibility of an indoor TH for alleviating the anxiety symptoms and sleeping problems of people with poor sleep quality, and explore the potential affection of plant and activity type on health benefits. METHOD: Thirty subjects (all with sleep problems and half with anxiety problems) were randomly assigned to three groups to do horticultural activities with ornamental plants, general aromatic plants, or aromatic plants with reported mental health functions, respectively. Six indoor TH activities were then held sequentially within two weeks. Psychological scales, subjective feedback questionnaires, and physiological indicators were used as evaluation indexes before and after horticulture activities. RESULTS: The TH relieved subjects' sleep and anxiety problems and was particularly effective in alleviating anxiety among people with high anxiety levels. Using ornamental plants was more effective in relieving stress while functional aromatic plants performed better in sleep improvement and satisfaction to TH. Each horticultural activity could improve mood state but showed different effects on the vitality of the participants. CONCLUSION: The above findings provided some basis for the potential benefits of selecting plants and activities based on psychological care needs in the development of TH plans. Future research that expands upon the current project is warranted. A larger sample size is beneficial for obtaining more powerful statistical results.
Assuntos
Horticultura Terapêutica , Humanos , Estudos de Viabilidade , Ansiedade/terapia , Transtornos de Ansiedade , SonoRESUMO
Memory impairment is a serious problem with organismal aging and increased social pressure. The tetrapeptide Ala-Phe-Phe-Pro (AFFP) is a synthetic analogue of Antarctic krill derived from the memory-improving Antarctic krill peptide Ser-Ser-Asp-Ala-Phe-Phe-Pro-Phe-Arg (SSDAFFPFR) after digestion and absorption. The objective of this research was to assess the neuroprotective effects of AFFP by reducing oxidative stress and controlling lipid metabolism in the brains of mice with memory impairment caused by scopolamine. The 1H Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy results showed that AFFP had three active hydrogen sites that could contribute to its antioxidant properties. The findings from in vivo tests demonstrated that AFFP greatly enhanced the mice's behavioral performance in the passive avoidance, novel object recognition, and eight-arm maze experiments. AFFP reduced oxidative stress by enhancing superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde levels in mice serum, thereby decreasing reactive oxygen species level in the mice hippocampus. In addition, AFFP increased the unsaturated lipid content to balance the unsaturated lipid level against the neurotoxicity of the mice hippocampus. Our findings suggest that AFFP emerges as a potential dietary intervention for the prevention of memory impairment disorders.
Assuntos
Dipeptídeos , Euphausiacea , Animais , Camundongos , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Transtornos da Memória/induzido quimicamente , Transtornos da Memória/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos da Memória/prevenção & controle , Derivados da Escopolamina , Hipocampo , LipídeosRESUMO
Background: This study examines the association between Hemoglobin Glycation Index (HGI) and the risk of mortality among individuals with hypertension and to explore gender-specific effects. Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018 were analyzed. Three models were constructed to assess the relationship between HGI and mortality risks, controlling for various covariates. Nonlinear relationships were explored using restricted cubic splines (RCS) and threshold effect analysis. Results: The findings reveal a U-shaped relationship between HGI and the cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality after adjusting for multiple covariates. Gender- specific analysis indicated a U-shaped relationship in men, with threshold points of -0.271, and 0.115, respectively. Before the threshold point, HGI was negatively associated with CVD mortality (HR: 0.64, 95%CI: 0.44, 0.93, P=0.02) and all-cause mortality (HR: 0.84, 95%CI: 0.71, 0.99), and after the threshold point, HGI was positively associated with CVD mortality (HR: 1.48, 95%CI: 1.23, 1.79, P<0.01) and all-cause mortality (HR: 1.41, 95%CI: 1.24, 1.60). In contrast, HGI had a J-shaped relationship with CVD mortality and a L-shaped relationship with all-cause mortality in females. Before the threshold points, the risk of all-cause mortality decreased (HR: 0.66, 95%CI:0.56, 0.77, P=0.04) and after the threshold points, the risk of CVD mortality increased (HR: 1.39, 95%CI:1.12, 1.72, P<0.01) progressively with increasing HGI. Conclusion: The research highlights the significance of maintaining proper HGI levels in individuals with hypertension and validates HGI as a notable indicator of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risks. It also highlights the significant role of gender in the relationship between HGI and these risks.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Hemoglobinas Glicadas , Hipertensão , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Doenças Cardiovasculares/mortalidade , Doenças Cardiovasculares/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hipertensão/mortalidade , Hipertensão/sangue , Adulto , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/metabolismo , Idoso , Causas de Morte , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Memory impairment affects cognition and information processing, and attention, leading to a decline in life quality of patients. Previous studies have shown the memory-improving effects of sea cucumber peptides. This study further explored the memory-improving mechanisms of sea cucumber peptides using scopolamine-induced memory-impaired mice and identified novel memory-improving peptides within low molecular weight peptide fractions. The sea cucumber peptides were categorized into three groups based on their molecular weights: SCP-L (molecular weight greater than 10 kDa), SCP-M (weight between 3 kDa and 10 kDa), and SCP-S (molecular weight less than 3 kDa). The results showed that SCP-S improved behavioral performance by regulating cholinergic system disorder and reducing oxidative stress levels, distinguishing itself from SCP-M and SCP-L. Further, SCP-S was found to exhibit a well ability in alleviating the degree of neuroinflammation dependent on microglia and promoting synaptic plasticity. Additionally, a novel memory-improving peptide Ser-Phe-Gly-Asp-Ile (SFGDI) was identified by EASY-nano-LC/MS/MS after simulated digestion-absorption coupling of in silico technologies from SCP-S. SFGDI protected against oxidative stress and regulated cholinergic system in scopolamine-induced PC12 cells. These findings suggest that SCP-S and SFGDI might be considered as potential memory-improving food for people suffering from memory disorders.
Assuntos
Escopolamina , Pepinos-do-Mar , Ratos , Humanos , Camundongos , Animais , Escopolamina/farmacologia , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Transtornos da Memória/induzido quimicamente , Transtornos da Memória/tratamento farmacológico , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Peptídeos/uso terapêutico , Estresse Oxidativo , Colinérgicos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) etiology is intricately linked to oxidative stress and inflammasome activation. Natural antioxidant nobiletin (NOB) contains excellent anti-inflammatory properties in alleviating intestinal injury. However, the insufficient water solubility and low bioavailability restrict its oral intervention for IBD. Herein, we constructed a highly efficient NOB-loaded yeast microcapsule (YM, NEFY) exhibiting marked therapeutic efficacy for dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) at a low oral dose of NOB (20 mg/kg). We utilized the metal polyphenol network (MPN) formed by self-assembly of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and FeCl3 as the intermediate carrier to improve the encapsulation efficiency (EE) of NOB by 4.2 times. These microcapsules effectively alleviated the inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress of RAW264.7 macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In vivo, NEFY with biocompatibility enabled the intestinal enrichment of NOB through controlled gastrointestinal release and macrophage targeting. In addition, NEFY could inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome and balance the macrophage polarization, which favors the complete intestinal mucosal barrier and recovery of colitis. Based on the oral targeted delivery platform of YM, this work proposes a novel strategy for developing and utilizing the natural flavone NOB to intervene in intestinal inflammation-related diseases.
Assuntos
Colite Ulcerativa , Flavonas , Inflamassomos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR , Estresse Oxidativo , Animais , Colite Ulcerativa/tratamento farmacológico , Colite Ulcerativa/imunologia , Camundongos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/imunologia , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/metabolismo , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/genética , Inflamassomos/imunologia , Inflamassomos/metabolismo , Inflamassomos/efeitos dos fármacos , Flavonas/administração & dosagem , Flavonas/química , Flavonas/farmacologia , Células RAW 264.7 , Humanos , Masculino , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/química , Cápsulas/química , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/imunologia , Polifenóis/química , Polifenóis/administração & dosagem , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologiaRESUMO
Clover and lemongrass essential oils of contrasting composition, at three concentration levels (1%, 5%, 10%), were administrated via prophylactic and therapeutic inhalation to scopolamine-treated mice. Chemical analysis showed that clover oil was dominant in eugenol (47.69%) and lemongrass free of eugenol but mainly containing monoterpenoids of comparable proportions. Animal behavioural and brain biochemical tests showed that injection of scopolamine caused memory and learning deficit in mice while prophylactic and therapeutic inhalation of two oils at moderate to high concentrations all obviously reversed the cognitive impairment via inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activities, oxidation and inflammation. Lemongrass essential oil with diverse monoterpenoids can be as effective as or a little bit more potent than eugenol-rich clover essential oil possibly due to the synergistic effect of various monoterpenoids. These findings implied that sniffing of such aroma recipes could be a promising complementary approach for the mitigation of Alzheimer's disease-related cognitive impairment.
RESUMO
Aging and stress have contributed to the development of memory disorders. Phe-Pro-Phe (FPF) was identified with high stability by mass spectrometry from simulated gastrointestinal digestion and everted gut sac products of the Antarctic krill peptide Ser-Ser-Asp-Ala-Phe-Phe-Pro-Phe-Arg (SSDAFFPFR) which was found to have a positive impact on memory enhancement. This study investigated the digestive stability, absorption, and memory-enhancing effects of FPF using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, simulated gastrointestinal digestion, in vivo fluorescence distribution analysis, mouse behavioral experiments, acetylcholine function, Nissl staining, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. FPF crossed the blood-brain barrier into the brain after digestion, significantly reduced shock time, working memory errors, and reference memory errors, and increased the recognition index. Additionally, FPF elevated ACh content; Nissl body counts; and CREB, SYN, and PSD-95 expression levels, while reducing AChE activity (P < 0.05). This implies that FPF prevents scopolamine-induced memory impairment and provides a basis for future research on memory disorders.
Assuntos
Euphausiacea , Animais , Camundongos , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Peptídeos/química , Acetilcolina , Transtornos da MemóriaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The burden of malignant lymphoma in China is greater than the global equivalent. The randomized controlled trials provide medical evidence that TCM can improve the short-term effects and long-term survival of patients with lymphoma. However, the mechanisms underlying remain undefined. OBJECTIVE: Evidence-based data mining for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on improving short-term effects and long-term survival in malignant lymphoma treatment was performed in this study. In addition, the mechanisms of TCM through network pharmacology and molecular docking were explored. METHODS: The China national knowledge infrastructure, Wanfang Data, China Science and Technology Journal Database, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched to select TCM formulas with short-term effects and long-term survival benefits in the treatment of malignant lymphomas. We then analyzed and visualized the tropism of taste, frequency of drug use, dosage, clustering, association rules mining (minimum support threshold as 0.20, the minimum confidence threshold as 0.80 and lift >1), and complex networks for potential core herb compositions using Excel, IBM SPSS Statistics 26, and IBM SPSS Modeler 18. TCM systems pharmacology, GeneCards, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, and other databases were used to screen potential core active ingredients and malignant lymphoma-related targets. The intersection targets were used to construct a protein interaction network using Cytoscape to obtain the key targets. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment were used to analyze the core target, and molecular docking of key components and targets was performed using CB-Dock2. RESULTS: Twenty-four Chinese herbal formulae were included, encompassing 107 herbs with mainly cold and warm properties and bitter and sweet flavors. They were associated with the yin meridians of the liver, spleen, and lungs. The TCMs underwent association rule analysis, identified 27 association rules, including 12 herb pairs and 13 angle medicine, and clustered into eight classes by clustering analysis. Combined with the results from mining analysis, Pinelliae (Ban-xia), Poria (Fu-ling), Atractylodis macrocephalae (Bai-zhu), Curcumae (E-zhu), and Sparganii (San-leng) were the potential core herbs According to network pharmacology and molecular docking, the main core components of the potential core drugs are hederagenin, cerevisterol, 14- acetyl-12-senecioyl-2E,8E,10E-atractylentriol, 12,13-epoxy-9-hydroxynonadeca-7,10-dienoic acid, cavidine, and baicalein. These core drugs are mainly involved in the pathways of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, PD-1/L1, natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, NF-κB, epithelial cell signaling in H. pylori infections, and Th17 cell differentiation. They aid in regulating the transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway, ERBB signaling pathway, PI3K signaling pathway, and phosphorylation process. Ten key components and eight key targets, including baicalein and hederagenin, demonstrated strong binding activity. CONCLUSION: Collectively, some core herbs exerted anti-tumor effects through immune and inflammatory pathway modulation, inhibition of immune escape, and induction of cell apoptosis. These findings support future evidence-based research on malignant lymphoma treatment using TCM.
RESUMO
Previous studies on structural covariance network (SCN) suggested that patients with insomnia disorder (ID) show abnormal structural connectivity, primarily affecting the somatomotor network (SMN) and default mode network (DMN). However, evaluating a single structural index in SCN can only reveal direct covariance relationship between two brain regions, failing to uncover synergistic changes in multiple structural features. To cover this research gap, the present study utilized novel morphometric similarity networks (MSN) to examine the morphometric similarity between cortical areas in terms of multiple sMRI parameters measured at each area. With seven T1-weighted imaging morphometric features from the Desikan-Killiany atlas, individual MSN was constructed for patients with ID (N = 87) and healthy control groups (HCs, N = 84). Two-sample t-test revealed differences in MSN between patients with ID and HCs. Correlation analyses examined associations between MSNs and sleep quality, insomnia symptom severity, and depressive symptoms severity in patients with ID. The right paracentral lobule (PCL) exhibited decreased morphometric similarity in patients with ID compared to HCs, mainly manifested by its de-differentiation (meaning loss of distinctiveness) with the SMN, DMN, and ventral attention network (VAN), as well as its decoupling with the visual network (VN). Greater PCL-based de-differentiation correlated with less severe insomnia and fewer depressive symptoms in the patients group. Additionally, patients with less depressive symptoms showed greater PCL de-differentiation from the SMN. As an important pilot step in revealing the underlying morphometric similarity alterations in insomnia disorder, the present study identified the right PCL as a hub region that is de-differentiated with other high-order networks. Our study also revealed that MSN has an important potential to capture clinical significance related to insomnia disorder.
Assuntos
Encéfalo , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono , Humanos , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/patologia , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/diagnóstico por imagem , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Encéfalo/patologia , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Rede Nervosa/patologia , Rede Nervosa/diagnóstico por imagem , Vias Neurais/patologia , Vias Neurais/diagnóstico por imagem , Mapeamento Encefálico , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: It is not clear whether and how insomnia disorder (ID) impairs response inhibition ability. Fronto-striatal functional connectivity (FC) plays a critical role in response inhibition and is found be abnormal in patients with ID. In this study, we examined whether insomnia symptoms impair response inhibition in a large non-clinical sample and whether impaired response inhibition is related to abnormal fronto-striatal FC. METHODS: One hundred and fifteen young ID patients and 160 age and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) underwent resting-state functional magnetic response imaging scans and performed the stop-signal task (SST). Performance of SST, Gray Matter Volumes (GMVs), and connections of brain regions related to fronto-striatal circuits was compared between groups. Further examined the association between response inhibition impairment and fronto-striatal FC. RESULTS: The behavioral results showed that patients with ID had significantly longer stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) compared with the HC, reflecting the impaired response inhibition among IDs. Brain imaging results showed IDs had decreased GMVs of the Right Superior Frontal (SFG) and left Supplementary Motor area (SMA). Seed-based FC results showed that compared to HC, the ID showed decreased FC between left SMA and left Paracentral lobule, left SMA and right SMA, and right SFG and right Orbital Middle Frontal gyrus, and increased FC between right SFG and right putamen. Meanwhile, the FC between right SFG and putamen was positively correlated with SSRT in IDs. CONCLUSIONS: The current study found significantly impaired response inhibition among ID and this impairment may be related to abnormal fronto-striatal FC in ID.
Assuntos
Córtex Motor , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono , Humanos , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/diagnóstico por imagem , Encéfalo , Mapeamento Encefálico , Tempo de Reação , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodosRESUMO
Chitosan stands out as the only known polysaccharide of its kind, second only to cellulose. As the second-largest biopolymer globally, chitosan and its derivatives are extensively used in diverse areas such as metal anti-corrosion prevention, food production, and medical fields. Its benefits include environmental friendliness, non-toxicity, cost-effectiveness, and biodegradability. Notably, the use of chitosan and its derivatives has gained substantial attention and has been extensively researched in the fields of metal anti-corrosion prevention and antibacterial applications. By means of chemical modification or synergistic action, the inherent limitations of chitosan can be substantially improved, thereby enhancing its biological and physicochemical properties to meet a wider range of applications and more demanding application requirements. This article offers a comprehensive review of chitosan and its modified composite materials, focusing on the enhancement of their anticorrosion and antibacterial properties, as well as the mechanisms by which they serve as anticorrosion and antibacterial agents. Additionally, it summarizes the synthesis routes of various modification methods of chitosan and their applications in different fields, aiming to contribute to the interdisciplinary development and potential applications of chitosan in various areas.
Assuntos
Quitosana , Quitosana/química , Quitosana/farmacologia , Corrosão , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/químicaRESUMO
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) mediate important epigenetic regulation in a wide range of biological processes. However, the effect of all dysregulated lncRNAs in myocardial infarction (MI) is not clear. Whole transcriptome sequencing analysis was used to characterize the dynamic changes in lncRNA and mRNA expression. A gene network was constructed, and genes were classified into different modules using WGCNA. In addition, for all dysregulated lncRNAs, gene ontology analysis and cis-regulatory analysis were applied. The results demonstrated that a large number of the differentially co-expressed genes were primarily linked to the immune system process, inflammatory response, and innate immune response. The functional pathway analysis of the MEblue module included immune system process and apoptosis, and MEbrown included the T-cell receptor signal pathway by WGCNA. In addition, through cis-acting analysis of lncRNA regulation, the cis-regulated mRNAs were mainly enriched in immune system processes, innate immune responses, and VEGF signal pathways. We found that lncRNA regulation of mRNAs plays an important role in immune and inflammatory pathways. Our study provides a foundation to further understand the role and potential mechanism of dysregulated lncRNAs in the regulation of MI, in which many of them could be potential targets for MI.