A Strategy for Enhancing Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy in Yttrium Iron Garnet Films.

In future information storage and processing, magnonics is one of the most promising candidates to replace traditional microelectronics. Yttrium iron garnet (YIG) films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) have aroused widespread interest in magnonics. Obtaining strong PMA in a thick YIG film with a small lattice mismatch (η) has been fascinating but challenging. Here, a novel strategy is proposed to reduce the required minimum strain value for producing PMA and increase the maximum thickness for maintaining PMA in YIG films by slight oxygen deficiency. Strong PMA is achieved in the YIG film with an η of only 0.4% and a film thickness up to 60 nm, representing the strongest PMA for such a small η reported so far. Combining transmission electron microscopy analyses, magnetic measurements, and a theoretical model, it is demonstrated that the enhancement of PMA physically originates from the reduction of saturation magnetization and the increase of magnetostriction coefficient induced by oxygen deficiency. The Gilbert damping values of the 60-nm-thick YIG films with PMA are on the order of 10-4. This strategy improves the flexibility for the practical applications of YIG-based magnonic devices and provides promising insights for the theoretical understanding and the experimental enhancement of PMA in garnet films.

Anoikis-related lncRNA signature predicts prognosis and is associated with immune infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Anoikis is a programmed cell death process triggered when cells are dislodged from the extracellular matrix. Numerous long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as significant factors associated with anoikis resistance in various tumor types, including glioma, breast cancer, and bladder cancer. However, the relationship between lncRNAs and the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has received limited research attention. Further research is needed to investigate this potential link and understand the role of lncRNAs in the progression of HCC. We developed a prognostic signature based on the differential expression of lncRNAs implicated in anoikis in HCC. A co-expression network of anoikis-related mRNAs and lncRNAs was established using data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) for HCC. Cox regression analyses were conducted to formulate an anoikis-related lncRNA signature (ARlncSig) in a training cohort, which was subsequently validated in both a testing cohort and a combined dataset comprising the two cohorts. Receiver operating characteristic curves, nomograms, and decision curve analyses based on the ARlncSig score and clinical characteristics demonstrated robust predictive ability. Moreover, gene set enrichment analysis revealed significant enrichment of several immune processes in the high-risk group compared to the low-risk group. Furthermore, significant differences were observed in immune cell subpopulations, expression of immune checkpoint genes, and response to chemotherapy and immunotherapy between the high- and low-risk groups. Lastly, we validated the expression levels of the five lncRNAs included in the signature using quantitative real-time PCR. In conclusion, our ARlncSig model holds substantial predictive value regarding the prognosis of HCC patients and has the potential to provide clinical guidance for individualized immunotherapy. In this study, we obtained 36 genes associated with anoikis from the Gene Ontology and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis databases. We also identified 22 differentially expressed lncRNAs that were correlated with these genes using data from TCGA. Using Cox regression analyses, we developed an ARlncSig in a training cohort, which was then validated in both a testing cohort and a combined cohort comprising data from both cohorts. Additionally, we collected eight pairs of liver cancer tissues and adjacent tissues from the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University for further analysis. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of ARlncSig as a biomarker for liver cancer prognosis. The study developed a risk stratification system called ARlncSig, which uses five lncRNAs to categorize liver cancer patients into low- and high-risk groups. Patients in the high-risk group exhibited significantly lower overall survival rates compared to those in the low-risk group. The model's predictive performance was supported by various analyses including the receiver operating characteristic curve, nomogram calibration, clinical correlation analysis, and clinical decision curve. Additionally, differential analysis of immune function, immune checkpoint, response to chemotherapy, and immune cell subpopulations revealed significant differences between the high- and low-risk groups. Finally, quantitative real-time PCR validated the expression levels of the five lncRNAs. In conclusion, the ARlncSig model demonstrates critical predictive value in the prognosis of HCC patients and may provide clinical guidance for personalized immunotherapy.

Osa-miR1320 targets the ERF transcription factor OsERF096 to regulate cold tolerance via JA-mediated signaling.

MicroRNAs play key roles in abiotic stress response. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) miR1320 is a species-specific miRNA that contributes to miR168-regulated immunity. However, it is still unknown whether miR1320 is involved in rice response to abiotic stress. In this study, we illustrated that the miR1320 precursor generated two mature miR1320s, miR1320-3p, and miR1320-5p, and they both displayed decreased expression under cold stress. Genetic evidence showed that miR1320 overexpression resulted in increased cold tolerance, while miR1320 knock down (KD) reduced cold tolerance. Furthermore, an APETALA2/ethylene-responsive factor (ERF) transcription factor OsERF096 was identified as a target of miR1320 via 5'-RACE and dual luciferase assays. OsERF096 expression was altered by miR1320 overexpression and KD and exhibited an opposite pattern to that of miR1320 in different tissues and under cold stress. Consistently, OsERF096 negatively regulated cold stress tolerance. Furthermore, we suggested that OsERF096 could bind to the GCC and DRE cis-elements and act as a transcriptional activator in the nucleus. Based on RNA-sequencing and targeted metabolomics assays, we found that OsERF096 modified hormone content and signaling pathways. Finally, phenotypic and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR assays showed that jasmonic acid (JA) methyl ester application recovered the cold-sensitive phenotype and JA-activated expression of three Dehydration Responsive Element Binding genes in the OsERF096-OE line. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that the miR1320-OsERF096 module regulates cold tolerance by repressing the JA-mediated cold signaling pathway.

A comprehensive investigation of the regulatory roles of OsERF096, an AP2/ERF transcription factor, in rice cold stress response.

KEY MESSAGE: OsERF096 negatively regulates rice cold tolerance and mediates IAA biosynthesis and signaling under cold stress. The APETALA2/ethylene-responsive factor (AP2/ERF) transcription factors play important roles in regulating plant tolerance to abiotic stress. OsERF096 was previously identified as a direct target of miR1320, and was suggested to negatively regulate rice cold tolerance. In this study, we performed RNA-sequencing and targeted metabolomics assays to reveal the regulatory roles of OsERF096 in cold stress response. GO and KEGG analysis of differentially expressed genes showed that the starch and sucrose metabolism, plant-pathogen interaction, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways were significantly enriched. Quantification analysis confirmed a significant difference in sugar contents among WT and OsERF096 transgenic lines under cold treatment. Targeted metabolomics analysis uncovered that IAA accumulation and signaling were modified by OsERF096 in response to cold stress. Expectedly, qRT-PCR assays confirmed significant OsIAAs and OsARFs expression changes in OsERF096 transgenic lines. Finally, we identified three targets of OsERF096 based on RNA-seq, qRT-PCR, and dual-LUC assays. In summary, these results revealed the multiple regulatory roles of OsERF096 in cold stress response.

Several factors influencing energy-loss near-edge structure calculations using Wien2k.

Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) is widely applied combining with transmission electron microscopes with high spatial resolution, but its interpretation is a challenging task. One of the reasons is that the factors affecting EELS are very complicated. In this paper, we focus on the several factors involved in density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The sensitivity of calculated energy-loss near-edge structure (ELNES) to spin order, pressure and on-site Coulomb energy U has been discussed. Since EELS technique detects the local environment of atoms, the influence of spin order cannot be ignored. The chemical shifts and peak intensity of ELNES are also closely related to corresponding pressure. The correlation effects are very important for transition metal compounds and play a key role in EELS simulations. An overview of the effects of these factors on the ELNES is presented with the help of Wien2k code. The antiferromagnetic order results in the decreasing of intensities of related peaks and the moving of the peaks to high energy loss. The decreasing of lattice parameters causes the ELNES peaks to shift to high energy loss, and the peak shifts at the higher energy loss are more significant. The increase of correlation effect leads to the ELNES peaks to shift to high energy loss accompanied by the increase of the relative intensity of the peaks which locate at higher energy loss. Our work helps to understand how these factors affect EELS and to explain and predict the experimental EELS spectra. Through the discussion of these factors, we propose that some factors could not be ignored in EELS simulations.

Effects of experienced regret on risky decision making are dependent on risky degree.

We investigated whether experienced regret influences risky decision making in future dissimilar situations and whether this effect is affected by risky degree. Therefore, participants (N = 39 and 54 in Experiment 1 and 2, respectively) were asked to select one of the two options. In the experienced regret condition, the selected option was worse than the unselected option; in the control condition, the information about the unselected option was unknown to the participants. Subsequently, participants were required to either keep the selected option or to gamble. Additionally, Experiment 2 varied in risky degree of the gamble from low to high. Results showed that experienced regret enhanced possibilities of gamble under low risk (Experiment 1 and 2). Under high risk, however, the effect of experienced regret was reversed (Experiment 2). The findings might suggest that experienced regret affects risky decision making in future dissimilar situations dependently on risky degree.

Tapping ahead of time: its association with timing variability.

Researchers have puzzled over the phenomenon in sensorimotor timing that people tend to tap ahead of time. When synchronizing movements (e.g., finger taps) with an external sequence (e.g., a metronome), humans typically tap tens of milliseconds before event onsets, producing the elusive negative asynchrony. Here, we present 24 metronome-tapping data sets from 8 experiments with different experimental settings, showing that less negative asynchrony is associated with lower tapping variability. Further analyses reveal that this negative mean-SD correlation of asynchrony is likely to be observed for sequence types appropriate for synchronization, as indicated by the statistically negative lag 1 autocorrelation of inter-response intervals. The reported findings indicate an association between negative asynchrony and timing variability.

Correction to: A Glycine soja group S2 bZIP transcription factor GsbZIP67 conferred bicarbonate alkaline tolerance in Medicago sativa.

Following publication of the original article [1], the author reported that their given name was misspelled.

A Glycine soja group S2 bZIP transcription factor GsbZIP67 conferred bicarbonate alkaline tolerance in Medicago sativa.

BACKGROUND: Even though bicarbonate alkaline stress is a serious threat to crop growth and yields, it attracts much fewer researches than high salinity stress. The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors have been well demonstrated to function in diverse abiotic stresses; however, their biological role in alkaline tolerance still remains elusive. In this study, we functionally characterized a bZIP gene from Glycine soja GsbZIP67 in bicarbonate alkaline stress responses. RESULTS: GsbZIP67 was initially identified as a putative bicarbonate responsive gene, on the basis of previous RNA-seq data of 50 mM NaHCO3-treated Glycine soja roots. GsbZIP67 protein possessed a conserved bZIP domain, and belonged to the group S2 bZIP, which is yet less well-studied. Our studies showed that GsbZIP67 targeted to nucleus in Arabidopsis protoplasts, and displayed transcriptional activation activity in yeast cells. The quantitative real-time PCR analyses unraveled the bicarbonate stress responsive expression and tissue specific expression of GsbZIP67 in wild soybean. Further phenotypic analysis illustrated that GsbZIP67 overexpression in alfalfa promoted plant growth under bicarbonate alkaline stress, as evidenced by longer roots and shoots. Furthermore, GsbZIP67 overexpression also modified the physiological indices of transgenic alfalfa under bicarbonate alkaline stress. In addition, the expression levels of several stress responsive genes were also augmented by GsbZIP67 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, in this study, we demonstrated that GsbZIP67 acted as a positive regulator of plant tolerance to bicarbonate alkaline stress. These results provide direct genetic evidence of group S2 bZIPs in bicarbonate alkaline stress, and will facilitate further studies concerning the cis-elements and/or downstream genes targeted by GsbZIP67 in stress responses.

Genome-Wide Identification of the PHD-Finger Family Genes and Their Responses to Environmental Stresses in Oryza sativa L.

The PHD-finger family has been demonstrated to be involved in regulating plant growth and development. However, little information is given for its role in environmental stress responses. Here, we identified a total of 59 PHD family genes in the rice genome. These OsPHDs genes were located on eleven chromosomes and synteny analysis only revealed nine duplicated pairs within the rice PHD family. Phylogenetic analysis of all OsPHDs and PHDs from other species revealed that they could be grouped into two major clusters. Furthermore, OsPHDs were clustered into eight groups and members from different groups displayed a great divergence in terms of gene structure, functional domains and conserved motifs. We also found that with the exception of OsPHD6, all OsPHDs were expressed in at least one of the ten tested tissues and OsPHDs from certain groups were expressed in specific tissues. Moreover, our results also uncovered differential responses of OsPHDs expression to environmental stresses, including ABA (abscisic acid), water deficit, cold and high Cd. By using quantitative real-time PCR, we further confirmed the differential expression of OsPHDs under these stresses. OsPHD1/7/8/13/33 were differentially expressed under water deficit and Cd stresses, while OsPHD5/17 showed altered expression under water deficit and cold stresses. Moreover, OsPHD3/44/28 displayed differential expression under ABA and Cd stresses. In conclusion, our results provide valuable information on the rice PHD family in plant responses to environmental stress, which will be helpful for further characterizing their biological roles in responding to environmental stresses.

Independence of the completion effect from the noncompletion effect in illusory contour perception.

Spatially separated object information can be effortlessly completed in the visual system, as demonstrated by the well-known Kanizsa-type illusory contours. The perception of illusory contours is closely associated with the spatial configuration of contour fragments, leading to the long-lasting difficulty in distinguishing the effect of the completion process that interpolates the contour fragments from the effect of the noncompletion process that analyzes the contour fragments. However, a close relationship does not necessarily imply nonindependence, e.g., two people may show similar behaviors in one situation but may not in another situation. Inspired by this simple common sense, we conducted a contour discrimination task (i.e., discriminating between the interpolated contours) and a fragment discrimination task (i.e., discriminating between the physically-specified contour fragments) for Kanizsa squares and Kanizsa circles. The performance difference between the contour and fragment discrimination tasks was much larger for Kanizsa circles than for Kanizsa squares. This independence of the completion effect--as indicated by the performance in the contour task--from the noncompletion effect--as indicated by the performance in the fragment task--provides new insights into the understanding of the mechanism of visual completion.

Ancient DNA provides new insight into the maternal lineages and domestication of Chinese donkeys.

BACKGROUND: The donkey (Equus asinus) is an important domestic animal that provides a reliable source of protein and method of transportation for many human populations. However, the process of domestication and the dispersal routes of the Chinese donkey are still unclear, as donkey remains are sparse in the archaeological record and often confused with horse remains. To explore the maternal origins and dispersal route of Chinese donkeys, both mitochondrial DNA D-loop and cytochrome b gene fragments of 21 suspected donkey remains from four archaeological sites in China were amplified and sequenced. RESULTS: Molecular methods of species identification show that 17 specimens were donkeys and three samples had the maternal genetic signature of horses. One sample that dates to about 20,000 years before present failed to amplify. In this study, the phylogenetic analysis reveals that ancient Chinese donkeys have high mitochondrial DNA diversity and two distinct mitochondrial maternal lineages, known as the Somali and Nubian lineages. These results indicate that the maternal origin of Chinese domestic donkeys was probably related to the African wild ass, which includes the Nubian wild ass (Equus africanus africanus) and the Somali wild ass (Equus africanus somaliensis). Combined with historical records, the results of this study implied that domestic donkeys spread into west and north China before the emergence of the Han dynasty. The number of Chinese domestic donkeys had increased primarily to meet demand for the expansion of trade, and they were likely used as commodities or for shipping goods along the Silk Road during the Tang Dynasty, when the Silk Road reached its golden age. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to provide valuable ancient animal DNA evidence for early trade between African and Asian populations. The ancient DNA analysis of Chinese donkeys also sheds light on the dynamic process of the maternal origin, domestication, and dispersal route of ancient Chinese donkeys.

Design and application of virtual simulation teaching platform for intelligent manufacturing.

Aiming at the practical teaching of intelligent manufacturing majors faced with lack of equipment, tense teachers and other problems such as high equipment investment, high material loss, high teaching risk, difficult to implement internship, difficult to observe production, difficult to reproduce the results, and so on, we take the electrical automation technology, mechatronics technology and industrial robotics technology majors of intelligent manufacturing majors as an example, and design and establish a virtual simulation teaching platform for intelligent manufacturing majors by using the cloud computing platform, edge computing technology, and terminal equipment synergy. The platform includes six major virtual simulation modules, including virtual simulation of electrician electronics and PLC control, virtual and real combination of typical production lines of intelligent manufacturing, dual-axis collaborative robotics workstation, digital twin simulation, virtual disassembly of industrial robots, virtual simulation of magnetic yoke axis flexible production line. The platform covers the virtual simulation teaching content of basic principle experiments, advanced application experiments, and advanced integration experiments in intelligent manufacturing majors. In order to test the effectiveness of this virtual simulation platform for practical teaching in engineering, this paper organizes a teaching practice activity involving 246 students from two parallel classes of three different majors. Through a one-year teaching application, we analyzed the data on the grades of 7 core courses involved in three majors in one academic year, the proportion of participation in competitions and innovative activities, the number of awards and certificates of professional qualifications, and the subjective questionnaires of the testers. The analysis shows that the learners who adopt the virtual simulation teaching platform proposed in this paper for practical teaching are better than the learners under the traditional teaching method in terms of academic performance, proportion of participation in competitions and innovative activities, and proportion of awards and certificates by more than 13%, 37%, 36%, 27% and 22%, respectively. Therefore, the virtual simulation teaching platform of intelligent manufacturing established in this paper has obvious superiority in solving the problem of "three highs and three difficulties" existing in the practical teaching of engineering, and according to the questionnaire feedback from the testers, the platform can effectively alleviate the shortage of practical training equipment, stimulate the interest in learning, and help to broaden and improve the knowledge system of the learners.

MicroRNA-195 liposomes for therapy of Alzheimer's disease.

The complex etiologies and mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) underscore the importance for devising multitarget drugs to achieve effective therapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are capable of concurrently regulating the expression of multiple proteins by selectively targeting disease- associated genes in a sequence-specific fashion. Nonetheless, as RNA-based drugs, their stability in the circulation and capacity of traversing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is largely compromised, thereby limiting their potential clinical applications. In this study, we formulated the nanoliposomes encapsulating polyethyleneimine (PEI)/miR-195 complex (DPMT@PEI/miR-195) that was engineered through dual modifications to contain P-aminophenyl-alpha-d-mannopyranoside (MAN) and cationic cell-penetrating peptide (TAT). DPMT@PEI/miR-195 exhibited the enhanced BBB- and cell membrane penetrating capability. As expected, we observed that DPMT@PEI/miR-195 administered through intravenous tail injection of produced greater effectiveness than donepezil and the same range of effect as aducanumab in alleviating the cognitive decline in 7-month-old APP/PS1 mice. Moreover, the combination treatment with DPMT@PEI/miR-195 and donepezil effectively ameliorated the deterioration of cognition in 16-month-old APP/PS1 mice, with enhanced effects than either DPMT@PEI/miR-195 or donepezil alone. Furthermore, DPMT@PEI/miR-195 effectively attenuated the positive signals of Aß, AT8, and CD68 in APP/PS1 mice without notable side effects. Our findings indicate DPMT@PEI/miR-195 as a promising potentially new agent or approach for the prophylaxis and treatment of early and advanced stages of Alzheimer's disease.

High-Performance Poly(1-naphthylamine)/Mesoporous Carbon Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries with Ultralong Cycle Life of 45000 Cycles at -15 °C.

Organic electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries have attracted significant attention in recent years. Polymer electrode materials, as compared to small-molecule electrode materials, have the advantage of poor solubility, which is beneficial for achieving high cycling stability. However, the severe entanglement of polymer chains often leads to difficulties in preparing nanostructured polymer electrodes, which is vital for achieving fast reaction kinetics and high utilization of active sites. This study demonstrates that these problems can be solved by the in situ electropolymerization of electrochemically active monomers in nanopores of ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK-3), combining the advantages of the nano-dispersion and nano-confinement effects of CMK-3 and the insolubility of the polymer materials. The as-prepared nanostructured poly(1-naphthylamine)/CMK-3 cathode exhibits a high active site utilization of 93.7%, ultrafast rate capability of 60 A g-1 (≈320 C), and an ultralong cycle life of 10000 cycles at room temperature and 45000 cycles at -15 °C. The study herein provides a facile and effective method that can simultaneously solve both the dissolution problem of small-molecule electrode materials and the inhomogeneous dispersion issue of polymer electrode materials.

Activity determination of 56Mn using extended TDCR-Cerenkov method.

The accuracy of activity determination for activated nuclide 56Mn is the key to the manganese bath method applying to the characterization of radionuclide neutron source. As an alternative to the 4π(C)-γ method, TDCR-Cerenkov method could also be applied to the measurement of 56Mn in the manganese bath device, if the existing calculation model is extended. There are two difficulties when the existing TDCR-Cerenkov method is applied to the activity determination of 56Mn. One is that the efficiency computation of gamma transitions, and the other is the interference contributed by Cerenkov photons emitted in the photomultiplier windows induced by Compton scattering. In this study, the above two difficulties are solved by extending the calculation model. For efficiency computation, the decay scheme of 56Mn is taken into account in the calculation of efficiency. Among them, the efficiency of gamma transition is calculated from the simulated secondary electronic spectra. In addition, Cerenkov photons emitted in photomultiplier windows are corrected by additional light proof experiment and improved calculation model. The results derived from this extended method are in good agreement with other standardization technique.

Assessing Cellular and Transcriptional Diversity of Ileal Mucosa Among Treatment-Naïve and Treated Crohn's Disease.

BACKGROUND: Crohn's disease is a lifelong disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Defining the cellular and transcriptional composition of the mucosa at different stages of disease progression is needed for personalized therapy in Crohn's. METHODS: Ileal biopsies were obtained from (1) control subjects (n = 6), (2) treatment-naïve patients (n = 7), and (3) established (n = 14) Crohn's patients along with remission (n = 3) and refractory (n = 11) treatment groups. The biopsies processed using 10x Genomics single cell 5' yielded 139 906 cells. Gene expression count matrices of all samples were analyzed by reciprocal principal component integration, followed by clustering analysis. Manual annotations of the clusters were performed using canonical gene markers. Cell type proportions, differential expression analysis, and gene ontology enrichment were carried out for each cell type. RESULTS: We identified 3 cellular compartments with 9 epithelial, 1 stromal, and 5 immune cell subtypes. We observed differences in the cellular composition between control, treatment-naïve, and established groups, with the significant changes in the epithelial subtypes of the treatment-naïve patients, including microfold, tuft, goblet, enterocyte,s and BEST4+ cells. Surprisingly, fewer changes in the composition of the immune compartment were observed; however, gene expression in the epithelial and immune compartment was different between Crohn's phenotypes, indicating changes in cellular activity. CONCLUSIONS: Our study identified cellular and transcriptional signatures associated with treatment-naïve Crohn's disease that collectively point to dysfunction of the intestinal barrier with an increase in inflammatory cellular activity. Our analysis also highlights the heterogeneity among patients within the same disease phenotype, shining a new light on personalized treatment responses and strategies.

Transcriptional reprogramming of infiltrating neutrophils drives lung pathology in severe COVID-19 despite low viral load.

Troubling disparities in COVID-19-associated mortality emerged early, with nearly 70% of deaths confined to Black/African American (AA) patients in some areas. However, targeted studies on this vulnerable population are scarce. Here, we applied multiomics single-cell analyses of immune profiles from matching airways and blood samples of Black/AA patients during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Transcriptional reprogramming of infiltrating IFITM2+/S100A12+ mature neutrophils, likely recruited via the IL-8/CXCR2 axis, leads to persistent and self-sustaining pulmonary neutrophilia with advanced features of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) despite low viral load in the airways. In addition, exacerbated neutrophil production of IL-8, IL-1ß, IL-6, and CCL3/4, along with elevated levels of neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase, were the hallmarks of transcriptionally active and pathogenic airway neutrophilia. Although our analysis was limited to Black/AA patients and was not designed as a comparative study across different ethnicities, we present an unprecedented in-depth analysis of the immunopathology that leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome in a well-defined patient population disproportionally affected by severe COVID-19.

Construction and application of COVID-19 infectors activity information knowledge graph.

During COVID-19 prevention and control, people need to be aware of the outbreak situation in their area to avoid being inconvenienced by the outbreak and even becoming infected. Thus, this project constructs a knowledge graph with COVID-19 infector activity information, by using the official flow information of the infected people from the provincial and municipal websites. This knowledge graph is the basis of the COVID-19 applications for tracing, visualization and reporting proposes. In the implementation process, we (1) collect a dataset with the information on COVID-19 cases from the prevention and control centers, (2) extract the entity elements with a Bert + BILSTM + CRF-based model, and (3) pre-process the dataset and construct a knowledge graph with manual annotation and human-based review. Finally, we use the knowledge graph to develop a web-based application to implement the question and answer, query, transmission path tracking and the "No.0" tracing infector functions.

Comprehensive multi-omics single-cell data integration reveals greater heterogeneity in the human immune system.

Single-cell transcriptomics enables the definition of diverse human immune cell types across multiple tissues and disease contexts. Further deeper biological understanding requires comprehensive integration of multiple single-cell omics (transcriptomic, proteomic, and cell-receptor repertoire). To improve the identification of diverse cell types and the accuracy of cell-type classification in multi-omics single-cell datasets, we developed SuPERR, a novel analysis workflow to increase the resolution and accuracy of clustering and allow for the discovery of previously hidden cell subsets. In addition, SuPERR accurately removes cell doublets and prevents widespread cell-type misclassification by incorporating information from cell-surface proteins and immunoglobulin transcript counts. This approach uniquely improves the identification of heterogeneous cell types and states in the human immune system, including rare subsets of antibody-secreting cells in the bone marrow.