Aquaporins: Important players in the cardiovascular pathophysiology.

Aquaporin is a membrane channel protein widely expressed in body tissues, which can control the input and output of water in cells. AQPs are differentially expressed in different cardiovascular tissues and participate in water transmembrane transport, cell migration, metabolism, inflammatory response, etc. The aberrant expression of AQPs highly correlates with the onset of ischemic heart disease, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, heart failure, etc. Despite much attention to the regulatory role of AQPs in the cardiovascular system, the translation of AQPs into clinical application still faces many challenges, including clarification of the localization of AQPs in the cardiovascular system and mechanisms mediating cardiovascular pathophysiology, as well as the development of cardiovascular-specific AQPs modulators.Therefore, in this study, we comprehensively reviewed the critical roles of AQP family proteins in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis and described the underlying mechanisms by which AQPs mediated the outcomes of cardiovascular diseases. Meanwhile, AQPs serve as important therapeutic targets, which provide a wide range of opportunities to investigate the mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases and the treatment of those diseases.

The effect of row structure on soil moisture retrieval accuracy from passive microwave data.

Row structure causes the anisotropy of microwave brightness temperature (TB) of soil surface, and it also can affect soil moisture retrieval accuracy when its influence is ignored in the inversion model. To study the effect of typical row structure on the retrieved soil moisture and evaluate if there is a need to introduce this effect into the inversion model, two ground-based experiments were carried out in 2011. Based on the observed C-band TB, field soil and vegetation parameters, row structure rough surface assumption (Q p model and discrete model), including the effect of row structure, and flat rough surface assumption (Q p model), ignoring the effect of row structure, are used to model microwave TB of soil surface. Then, soil moisture can be retrieved, respectively, by minimizing the difference of the measured and modeled TB. The results show that soil moisture retrieval accuracy based on the row structure rough surface assumption is approximately 0.02 cm(3)/cm(3) better than the flat rough surface assumption for vegetated soil, as well as 0.015 cm(3)/cm(3) better for bare and wet soil. This result indicates that the effect of row structure cannot be ignored for accurately retrieving soil moisture of farmland surface when C-band is used.

Association of pregnancy factors with cow's milk protein allergy in infants / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To preliminarily explore the association of pregnancy factors with cow's milk protein allergy in infants.Methods:This study was based on data from a subcohort of a study called ge-netic susceptibility to cow's milk allergy in Chinese children,including infants born in Peking University People's Hospital between March 1,2020,and December 31,2020.The infants were divided into a cow's milk protein allergy(CMPA)group and a control group according to whether they had developed cow's milk protein allergy at the age of 1 year.We retrospectively collected the clinical data of infants and their mothers before and during pregnancy,and analyzed the association of multiple factors during pregnancy with cow's milk protein allergy in infants.Results:A total of 278 infants were enrolled in this study,including 52 infants with CMPA and 226 infants without CMPA.Among them,there were 143 boys and 135 girls.The proportion of male infants in the CMPA group(69.2％)was higher than that in the control group(47.3％),and the difference was statistically significant(P=0.004).There were no significant differences in the distribution of birth weight,gestational age at birth,low-birth-weight in-fants,premature,umbilical cord entangle neck,and neonatal asphyxia between the CMPA group and the control group(P＞0.05).The proportion of mothers complicated with autoimmune diseases,anemia or antibiotics exposure during pregnancy in the CMPA group was higher than that in the control group,and there were statistical differences between the two groups(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the distribution of other pregnancy complications between the two groups(P＞0.05),such as eclamp-sia/preeclampsia,chronic hypertension/gestational hypertension,diabetes/gestational diabetes,thyroid diseases,and so on.There was no significant difference in the overall distribution of some blood routine indexes during pregnancy between the CMPA group and the control group(P＞0.05).Multivariate Lo-gistic regression analysis showed that male infant,mothers complicated with autoimmune diseases or ane-mia,antibiotic exposure during pregnancy were independent risk factors for cow's milk protein allergy.Conclusion:Male infant,mothers complicated with autoimmune diseases or anemia,antibiotic exposure during pregnancy were independent risk factors for cow's milk protein allergy.

Outcomes in pregnant women with leukemia and their offsprings / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective:To analyze the maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with leukemia.Methods:This retrospective study analyzed the clinical data of singleton pregnant women with leukemia and their neonates at the Obstetrics Department of Peking University People's Hospital from June 2009 to May 2021. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-sample t-test, the Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney rank sum test, and the Chi-square test (or Fisher's exact test). Results:(1) Ninety-one pregnant women were enrolled in this study, accounting for 2.8‰ of all deliveries during the same period. Among them, there were 15 (16.5%) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 38 (41.8%) with acute myeloid leukemia, and 38 (41.8%) with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Twenty-nine of the 91 pregnancies (31.9%) were terminated in the second or third trimester, and 62 babies (68.1%) were born through spontaneous delivery or cesarean section. The 62 parturients were (30.1±5.0) years old, of whom two died of complications of leukemia within 7 d after delivery, and five were transferred to the intensive care unit after delivery. Of the 62 cases, 18 (29.0%) received a blood transfusion and 12 (19.3%) received chemotherapy during pregnancy. (2) The proportion of patients with unremitted leukemia during pregnancy or newly developed leukemia was higher in women with terminated pregnancy than in those who continued the pregnancy [96.6% (28/29) vs 54.8% (34/62), χ2=15.83, P<0.001]. (3) The gestational age of the 62 newborns was (37.7±2.7) weeks. Premature, low birth weight and small-for-gestational-age infants accounted for 29.0% (18/62), 25.8% (16/62), and 12.9% (8/62), respectively. Hyperbilirubinemia occurred in 10 neonates (16.1%) and hypoglycemia in two (3.2%). Perinatal anoxia and asphyxia were reported in 13 cases (21.0%). Appearance, organ malformations, or chromosomal abnormalities were found in four neonates (6.4%) whose mothers did not receive chemotherapy during pregnancy. Fifty-nine infants underwent routine blood tests within 3 d after birth. The results showed that the mean white blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, and platelet count were (16.1±7.0)×10 9/L, (181.5±20.0) g/L and (266.2±63.7)×10 9/L, respectively, and no juvenile cells were detected in their peripheral blood samples. Twenty children were followed up to 4 years and 4 months (9 months to 10 years and 3 months). No abnormalities in physical or mental development, motor function, or hematological system were reported. Conclusions:Pregnancy complicated by leukemia is rare and dangerous, which requires an individualized management strategy besides therapy for leukemia. A good prognosis is still expected with appropriate treatment.

Clinicopathological characteristics of NTRK gene fusion-positive patients in papillary thyroid carcinoma / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To analyze the morphological charac-teristics of papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC)patients with NTRK gene fusion in order to provide more important morpholog-ic evidences for molecular detection.Methods A retrospective collection of 790 cases PTC was conducted.Then the patients with NTRK gene fusion were selected.The histopathological fea-tures of PTC patients with NTRK gene fusion were compared with those of classical PTC.Results Nine cases(1.1%)of NTRK fusion positive PTC were detected,including 2 cases of NTRK1 and 7 cases of NTRK3 gene fusion.The main his-topathological features were follicular subtypes,with tumors ex-hibiting multinodular infiltration or"jumping"infiltration.The cytoplasm was associated with hyaline change.The cell morphol-ogy was slight irregularity.Conclusion The incidence of NTRK fusion is low in PTC and it tends to occur in the young group.Follicular subtype is the main characteristic histopatholo-gy,with mild tumor cells.But the ability of the invasion and metastasis is strong.Therefore,NGS detection should be per-formed for early intervention and prolonging the survival of PTC patients.

Clinical application of excimer laser ablation in lower extremity arterial ischemic diseases / 国际外科学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of excimer laser ablation (ELA) in the treatment of lower extremity arterial ischemic diseases.Methods:The clinical data of 44 patients with lower extremity ischemic diseases treated with ELA in the People′s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from December 2020 to April 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. Among the 44 patients, there were 29 patients in lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO), including 3 patients with femoral artery stent occlusion. 8 patients of diabetes foot (DF) and 7 patients of thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO). Observation indicators include target vascular patency rate, amputation rate, vascular reintervention rate and mortality rate. The measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation ( ± s), one-way analysis of variance was used for inter-group comparison, and paired sample t-test was used for intra-group comparison. The Chi-square test was used for comparison between count data. Results:The success rate of operation was 100% in 44 patients. The rate of major amputation in ASO group was 10.3%, while the other two groups had a major amputation rate of 0. The minor amputation rates of the three groups were 6.9%, 25.0% and 28.6%, respectively. The vascular reintervention rate was 10.3% in ASO group, 12.5% in DF group and 0 in TAO group. The 1-year mortality rate in the ASO group was 10.3%, while the other two groups had a mortality rate of 0. The 2-year mortality rate of the three group were 31.0%, 12.5% and 0, respectively.Conclusion:For the treatment of lower extremity arterial ischemic diseases, ELA is safe and effective, but the curative effect need to further clarify by large sample and long-term clinical follow-up observation.

Clinical analysis and death warning identification for acute cholangitis patients / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with acute cholangitis and analyze the early warning factors of death.Methods:The clinical data of patients with acute cholangitis treated in the emergency department of Beijing Friendship Hospital from May 1, 2019 to December 5, 2020 were prospectively selected. The age, gender, vital signs, basic diseases, inflammatory indexes, organ function indexes, coagulation indexes, etiology, emergency drainage and prognosis of cholangitis were analyzed to understand the clinical characteristics of acute cholangitis and find out the strongest early warning factor of 28 day death.Results:A total of 274 patients with acute cholangitis attending the emergency department were examined, which included 265 survival patients (survival group) and 9 deaths (death group). In the death group, the proportion of diabetic patients, white blood cell counts, C-reactive protein, creatinine, international standardized ratio, D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase, fibrinogen degradation products, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score were significantly higher than those in the survival group, while the albumin level and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score were significantly lower than those in the survival group (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that GCS score, creatinine level, white blood cell counts and international standardized ratio were the risk factors of death in patients with acute cholangitis (all P<0.05). Conclusions:GCS score, creatinine level, white blood cell counts and international standardized ratio are early warning factors to judge the death of patients with acute cholangitis. GCS score is the strongest predictor of death in patients with cholangitis.

Interleukin-1 alpha induces osteoclast activation and bone loss / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Interleukin-1 is an important pro-inflammatory cytokine that has been documented in the regulation of bone inflammation and bone remodeling. A previous study has demonstrated that interleukin-1α can induce apoptosis while inhibiting osteoblast differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role and mechanism of interleukin-1α on osteoclast activation and bone loss in mice. METHODS: (1) Cell test: RAW264.7 cells were either treated with interleukin-1α alone or with receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) for 1 and 4 days. Cell viability was tested by cell counting kit-8 assay. The number of multinuclear osteoclasts was detected by tartrate resistant acid phosphatase assay. The mRNA and protein levels of osteoclast-specific genes and genes related to nuclear factor-κB pathway and Wnt/β-catenin pathway were tested by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence staining or western blot. Bone marrow-derived macrophages were either treated with interleukin-1α alone or with RANKL and macrophage colony-stimulating factor for 7 days. The number of multinuclear osteoclasts was detected by tartrate resistant acid phosphatase assay. The protein levels of osteoclast-specific genes were tested by western blot. (2) Animal test: Twenty-four male C57BL/6J mice (6-8 weeks old) were assigned into two groups at random: control group and test group. Mice were subsequently treated with interleukin-1α solution or PBS by intraperitoneal injection twice a week for 5 weeks. Bone tissues from the femurs were performed with micro-computed tomography analysis and hematoxylin-eosin staining, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase, and immunofluorescence analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Cell test: Interleukin-1α alone significantly increased RAW264.7 cell proliferation, but stimulated cell differentiation into osteoclasts in combination with RANKL (P < 0.05). Interleukin-1α significantly increased the expression of osteoclast-related markers and the number of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinuclear cells in RAW264.7 cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages in the existence of RANKL or RANKL+macrophage colony-stimulating factor (both P < 0.05). Interleukin-1α was found to significantly enhance the nuclear factor-κB and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in RAW264.7 cells (P < 0.05). Blocking of nuclear factor-κB or Wnt3 signaling not only reversed the activation of nuclear factor-κB and Wnt3 signaling but also weakened the enhanced expression of osteoclast-specific genes induced by interleukin-1α in RAW264.7 cells (P < 0.05). Animal test: interleukin-1α induced bone loss in mice while also upregulating the expression of osteoclast-specific markers, RANK, TRAF6 and p65, and Wnt3 in vivo (P < 0.05). The findings indicate that interleukin-1α can induce osteoclast activation and bone loss by promoting the nuclear factor-κB and Wnt signaling pathways.

Mediating effect of serum BDNF level on association of occupational PAHs exposure with cognitive impairment in coke oven workers / 环境与职业医学

Background Long-term occupational polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure is an important risk factor for cognitive impairment. At the same time, it can also cause a decrease of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). However, it is not clear whether BDNF plays a key role in the cognitive impairment of workers caused by occupational PAHs exposure. Objective To analyze the correlation between the levels of PAHs in the plasma of coke oven workers and cognitive impairment, and to explore the possible mediating effect of plasma BDNF level on the relationship between PAHs and cognitive impairment. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out to select 138 pairs of workers from a coking plant (exposure group) and an energy plant (control group) in a large enterprise in Taiyuan, and the matching variables included age, education level and smoking status. The basic data of the workers were collected by questionnaire. The cognitive function of the workers was assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale. Fasting elbow venous blood was collected, the plasma concentrations of 16 PAHs were determined by high performance gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the plasma concentration of BDNF was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the relationship between 12 PAHs levels in plasma and MoCA scores, and Bootstrap method was used to analyze the mediating effect of BDNF in the relationship between these two indicators. Results The average (\begin{document}$\bar x \pm s $\end{document}) age of workers in the two groups was (48.46±5.04) years, the length of service was (21.45±9.78) years, and 58.7% of the participants reported their education level at secondary vocational school, high school, and above. The median level (25th and 75th percentiles) [M(P25, P75)] of plasma Σ12PAHs concentration of workers in the exposure group [20.937 (9.454, 38.387) μg·L−1] was significantly higher than that of the control group [9.997 (4.952, 23.770)μg·L−1] and the MoCA score (22.82±2.38) of the exposure group was significantly lower than that of the control group (24.60±5.67) (P<0.05). The plasma BDNF showed no significant difference between the exposure group [(29.99±9.80) μg·L−1] and the control group [(31.48±9.09) μg·L−1](P>0.05). Taking plasma PAHs as independent variable and MoCA score as dependent variable, after adjusting selected covariates, the results of multiple linear regression model showed that the MoCA score changed by −0.020 (95%CI: −0.035 - −0.005) for every 1 μg·L−1 increase of plasma Σ12PAHs. Low (<P33), medium ( P33~P66) and high (>P66) dummy variables were set according to the intertertile boundaries (8.31, 23.76) μg·L−1 of the plasma level of Σ12PAH of the workers. The change of MoCA score in the high concentration group versus the low concentration group was −1.167 (95%CI: −1.866 - −0.467). The MoCA score changed by 0.066 (95%CI: 0.012 - 0.119) for each 1 μg·L−1 increase in plasma BDNF level. The results of dichotomous logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of cognitive impairment in the high concentration group was 2.635 (95% CI: 1.085 - 6.398) times higher than that in the low concentration group. The results of mediating effect analysis showed that plasma BDNF level was an intermediate variable between PAHs and cognitive impairment, and 45.50% of PAHs-induced cognitive impairment risk was mediated by reduced BDNF level. Conclusion The level of plasma PAHs in coke oven workers is negatively correlated with MoCA score, and PAHs may mediate cognitive impairment by reducing plasma BDNF level.

Advances in the etiology and treatment of non-obese nonalcoholic fatty liver disease / 临床肝胆病杂志

With the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the non-obese population, more and more studies have explored the significance of NAFLD in such population. Compared with the patients with obese NAFLD, the patients with non-obese NAFLD lack the phenotype of obesity, but they still have metabolic disorders and higher risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. At present, there are no effective drugs for the treatment of non-obese NAFLD, and the existing treatment methods have their own advantages and limitations in clinical practice. This article reviews the advances in the etiology and treatment of non-obese NAFLD, in order to provide a reference for guiding the clinical treatment of non-obese NAFLD.

Study on the relationship between pre-pregnancy vitamin D level and pregnancy outcome in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To investigate the pre-pregnancy vitamin D level and pregnancy outcome in patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA).Methods:A prospective study was performed in 4 534 patients with URSA from May 2017 to April 2019 at Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Health Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University. The serum Vitamin D levels was obtained before pregnancy. Pregnancy complications and newborns outcomes were recorded after pregnancy.Results:The serum vitamin D level of patients with URSA before pregnancy was (42.22±16.27)nmol/L, and the proportions of vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency and sufficiency were 72.3%, 24.0 %, and 3.7%, respectively. The Vitamin D level was positively correlated with age ( P<0.05); The age of vitamin D<50 nmol/L group was lower than that of vitamin D≥50 nmol/L group ( P<0.05); patients with vitamin D<50 nmol/L had higher proportion of spontaneous abortions ≥3 times than those with the vitamin D≥50 nmol/L ( P<0.05); The level of vitamin D was negatively correlated with the ratio of CD3 + CD4 + T cells in peripheral blood ( P<0.05); In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the final model adjusted for age, abortion frequency and season. The risk of pregnancy failure was increased in vitamin D <50 nmol/L group [30.6%(76/248) vs 17.9%(12/67), χ 2=3.67, P=0.02], OR=2.02(95% CI: 1.02-3.9); In the group of vitamin D<50 nmol/L before pregnancy, the risk of newborns entering NICU was increased, OR=3.16(95% CI: 1.15-8.65). Conclusions:Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in URSA patients before pregnancy, which correlates with the times of previous spontaneous abortions and recurrent pregnancy failure. Vitamin D deficiency before pregnancy is one of the high-risk factors for URSA.

In vitro test of slow-release magnesium chloride of anti-calcification small caliber tissue engineering blood vessels / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective:To construct tissue engineering small-caliber anti-calcifiction blood vessels with micron slow-release magnesium chloride.Methods:After decellularizing sheep carotid artery by combining Triton X-100+ deoxycholate sodium salt and DNA/RNA ribozyme, tissue engineering small-caliber vascular scaffold was made, HE staining of elastic fiber and collagen were carried out at the same time, and scanning electron microscope was used to observe the decellularization and the performance of vascular stent. The microemulsion anti-calcification slow-release microsphere particles loaded with magnesium chloride(MgCl 2) were prepared by double emulsion method, ultrasonic breaking, high speed stirring and evaporation method. Detected the particle size, encapsulation rate, drug loading(rate) of the sustained-release microspheres and measured the sustained-release curve. After the artificial small-caliber blood vessel was cross-linked with carbodiimide hydrochloride/succinic imine(EDC/NHS), freeze-drying technology was used to combine the micron slow-release microspheres loaded with MgCl 2 with the vascular scaffold. Observed the combination under the electron microscope, and tested the thickness and tensile strength of the specimen blood vessels. Results:After decellularization, the sheep carotid artery could remove all kinds of cells and maintain the original performance of the scaffold. The averaged particle size of micro-calcium-resistant slow-release microspheres loaded with MgCl 2 was(1.31±0.02)μm, which was relatively uniform. The encapsulation rate of microsphere particles was 82.79%, and the drug loading(rate) was 2.98%, which existed within 25 days slow release, the release rate reached 81.08%. The slow-release microsphere particles loaded with chlorinase could be effectively and tightly combined with small-caliber tissue engineering blood vessels. Conclusion:The slow-release microsphere particles loaded with magnesium chloride made of PLGA as a carrier have the effect of slow-release magnesium ions. It laid the foundation for the construction of anti-calcification tissue engineering small-caliber blood vessels.

Expressions and Significance of PDCD4 and Autophagy-related Factors LC3Ⅱ and p62 in Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Specimens of Early Colorectal Cancer / 胃肠病学

Background: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has become the preferred treatment of early colorectal cancer. PDCD4 and autophagy have important clinical significance in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. Aims: To explore the expressions and significance of apoptosis factor PDCD4 and autophagy factors LC3Ⅱ and p62 in colorectal cancer. Methods: Fifty-four early colorectal adenocarcinoma patients treated by ESD from Jan. 2015 to Nov. 2020 at Binzhou Medical University Hospital were collected. The expressions of PDCD4, LC3Ⅱ and p62 were detected by immunohistochemistry, and the correlations with clinicopathological factors were analyzed. The differential expression of PDCD4 in pan-cancer was analyzed by bioinformatics analysis. Results: Expression of PDCD4 was associated with the long-diameter of paracancer adenoma (P<0.05), and expressions of LC3Ⅱ and p62 were associated with the long-diameters of adenocarcinoma and paracancer adenoma (P<0.05). The positive expression of PDCD4 in P-NIMM was located in the nucleus, while the positive expression in adenocarcinoma was located in cytoplasm. The nucleus/cytoplasm ratio of PDCD4 was significantly higher in P-NIMM than in P-LGIN, P-HGIN and adenocarcinoma (P<0.05), and the nucleus/cytoplasm ratio of PDCD4 was significantly higher in P-LGIN, P-HGIN than in adenocarcinoma (P<0.05). The positive expression rates of LC3Ⅱ and p62 were significantly higher in adenocarcinoma than in P-NIMM and P-LGIN (P<0.05). In P-LGIN, P-HGIN and adenocarcinoma, the expression of PDCD4 was negatively correlated with the expressions of LC3Ⅱ and p62 (P<0.05). The bioinformatics analysis showed that expression of PDCD4 was significantly reduced in a variety of malignant tumors including colorectal cancer (P<0.05). Conclusions: The inhibition of apoptosis and activation of autophagy may promote the occurrence of colorectal cancer, and its mechanism may be related to the intracellular transposition of PDCD4 that inhibits cell apoptosis and enhances autophagy, and activating cellular autophagy may further accelerate the degradation of PDCD4 and thus reducing its cancer inhibiting effect.

Construction and clinical practice of enteral nutrition nursing quality control system for critically ill patients / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To establish a quality control system of enteral nutrition nursing for critically ill patients, and to apply this system in clinical practice and evaluate its effect.Methods:Delphi method was used to construct the quality control system. By training nurses in this system, through the training of the system for nurses and clinical quality control, enteral nutrition complications of patients before and after the training and nurses' knowledge of enteral nutrition were compared.Results:after the system applied in the nursing clinic, the incidence of enteral nutrition gastrointestinal complications, infectious complications, metabolic complications and mechanical complications in patients with critical illness decreased from 11.3% (18/160), 1.9% (3/160), 5.6% (9/160), 6.9% (11/160) to 3.9% (6/152), 0.7% (1/152), 1.3% (2/152), 1.9% (3/152) respectively, with statistically significant differences ( χ 2 values were 6.35-91.33, P <0.01). ICU nurses' awareness of enteral nutrition theory was significantly improved, and the questionnaire score increased from (70.22±8.78) points to (95.25±4.18) points, with statistically significant difference ( t value was 18.792, P<0.01). Conclusion:The enteral nutrition nursing quality control system developed in this study can effectively guide nursing staff to implement enteral nutrition during nursing behavior, reduce the occurrence of enteral nutrition complications in patients with critical illness, to ensure the safety of patients, and is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Characteristics of primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma in 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective@#To investigate the characteristics of primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBL) in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT imaging.@*Methods@#From July 2010 to April 2019, 18F-FDG PET/CT images of 27 patients (10 males, 17 females, median age 31 (19-57) years) with pathologically confirmed PMBL from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. The location, shape, density, presence of necrosis and calcification, and invasion around or beyond the lesions were observed. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were measured by automatic segmentation algorithm method. Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between SUVmax or MTV or TLG and the maximum diameter or Ann Arbor staging.@*Results@#The lesions appeared as anterior mediastinal huge masses in 27 patients, and grew in the anterior mediastinal cross-regionally in 25 patients, lobulated at the edge in 24 patients. Low-density necrosis lesions were found in 18 patients. The lesions were surrounded by large blood vessels in 15 patients and tracheae were compressed in 12 patients. Lung tissues were invaded in 3 patients, abdominal lymph nodes and bone marrow were invaded in 1 patient, and no splenomegaly was found in 27 patients. The maximum diameter, SUVmax, MTV and TLG were (11.6±3.7) cm, 21.07 (15.78, 25.09), 190.43 (130.14, 350.75) cm3 and 2 165.54 (1 465.86, 4 185.21) g, respectively. There was no correlation between SUVmax and the maximum diameter of lesions (rs=-0.305, P=0.122), while MTV and TLG were positively correlated with the maximum diameter (rs values: 0.741, 0.532, both P<0.05). The maximum diameter, MTV and TLG were positively correlated with Ann Arbor staging (rs values: 0.394, 0.413, 0.422, all P<0.05), while SUVmax was not (rs=0.031, P>0.05).@*Conclusions@#PMBL mostly presents as large anterior mediastinal mass with the high 18F-FDG uptake in 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging, and the focal necrosis is common, while abdominal lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow invasion are rare. MTV and TLG of lesions positively correlate with Ann Arbor staging.

Characteristics of primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma in 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective To investigate the characteristics of primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBL) in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT imaging.Methods From July 2010 to April 2019,18F-FDG PET/CT images of 27 patients (10 males,17 females,median age 31 (19-57) years)with pathologically confirmed PMBL from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were retrospectively analyzed.The location,shape,density,presence of necrosis and calcification,and invasion around or beyond the lesions were observed.The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax),metabolictumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were measured by automatic segmentation algorithm method.Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between SUVmax or MTV or TLG and the maximum diameter or Ann Arbor staging.Results The lesions appeared as anterior mediastinal huge masses in 27 patients,and grew in the anterior mediastinal cross-regionally in 25 patients,lobulated at the edge in 24 patients.Low-density necrosis lesions were found in 18 patients.The lesions were surrounded by large blood vessels in 15 patients and tracheae were compressed in 12 patients.Lung tissues were invaded in 3 patients,abdominal lymph nodes and bone marrow were invaded in 1 patient,and no splenomegaly was found in 27 patients.The maximum diameter,SUVmax,MTV and TLG were (11.6±3.7) cm,21.07(15.78,25.09),190.43 (130.14,350.75) cm3 and 2165.54 (1465.86,4185.21) g,respectively.There was no correlation between SUVmax and the maximum diameter of lesions (rs =-0.305,P =0.122),while MTV and TLG were positively correlated with the maximum diameter (rs values:0.741,0.532,both P＜0.05).The maximum diameter,MTV and TLG were positively correlated with Ann Arbor staging (rs values:0.394,0.413,0.422,all P＜0.05),while SUVmax was not (rs=0.031,P＞0.05).Conclusions PMBL mostly presents as large anterior mediastinal mass with the high 18F-FDG uptake in 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging,and the focal necrosis is common,while abdominal lymph nodes,spleen and bone marrow invasion are rare.MTV and TLG of lesions positively correlate with Ann Arbor staging.

Autophagy-related genes Raptor, Rictor, and Beclin1 expression and relationship with multidrug resistance in colorectal carcinoma.

UNLABELLED: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between the expressions of autophagy-related genes Raptor, Rictor, and Beclin1 and the expression of multidrug resistance (MDR) gene in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the protein and messenger RNA expressions of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Raptor, Rictor, Beclin1, light chain 3 (LC3), and MDR-1 in 279 CRC specimens. Patients were followed up annually by telephone or at an outpatient clinic. Results revealed that the protein and messenger RNA expressions of Beclin1, LC3, mTOR, Raptor, Rictor, and MDR-1 in CRC are significantly higher than in adjacent tissues. LC3 expression in poorly differentiated CRC is higher than that in well-differentiated CRC, and the expression of mTOR, Raptor, Rictor, and LC3 in lymph node metastasis is higher than that obtained in the absence of lymph node metastasis. The expression of LC3 is positively correlated with those of Beclin1 and Rictor and negatively correlated with Raptor and mTOR in CRC. The expression of Raptor is negatively correlated with Rictor. The expression of MDR-1 is positively correlated with those of Beclin1, LC3, and Rictor and negatively correlated with Raptor and mTOR. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the 5-year survival rate of patients without lymph node metastasis; positive expression of Rictor, Beclin1, and LC3; and negative expression of Raptor and mTOR were higher than those with these characteristics. To conclude, the expressions of Beclin1, Raptor, and Rictor are related to the development and progression of colorectal carcinoma and MDR. ( CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: 2014-009-01.).

Differential Profile of Plasma Circular RNAs in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

BackgroundNo currently available biomarkers or treatment regimens fully meet therapeutic needs of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Circular RNA (circRNA) is a recently identified class of stable noncoding RNA that have been documented as potential biomarkers for various diseases. Our objective was to identify and analyze plasma circRNAs altered in T1DM.MethodsWe used microarray to screen differentially expressed plasma circRNAs in patients with new onset T1DM (n=3) and age-/gender-matched healthy controls (n=3). Then, we selected six candidates with highest fold-change and validated them by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in independent human cohort samples (n=12). Bioinformatic tools were adopted to predict putative microRNAs (miRNAs) sponged by these validated circRNAs and their downstream messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed to gain further insights into T1DM pathogenesis.ResultsWe identified 68 differentially expressed circRNAs, with 61 and seven being up- and downregulated respectively. Four of the six selected candidates were successfully validated. Curations of their predicted interacting miRNAs revealed critical roles in inflammation and pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. Functional relations were visualized by a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network. GO and KEGG analyses identified multiple inflammation-related processes that could be potentially associated with T1DM pathogenesis, including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, inflammatory mediator regulation of transient receptor potential channels and leukocyte activation involved in immune response.ConclusionOur study report, for the first time, a profile of differentially expressed plasma circRNAs in new onset T1DM. Further in silico annotations and bioinformatics analyses supported future application of circRNAs as novel biomarkers of T1DM.

Comparative Study on the Protective Effects of Different Effective Components of Astragali Radix against Ionizing Radiation-induced BMSCs DNA Damage / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To compare the protective effects of different effective components of Astragali radix against DNA damage of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （BMSCs）induced by ionizing radiation. METHODS ：2 Gy X-rays were used to directly irradiate BMSCs to establish a radiation model. CCK- 8 method was used to detect the effects of different mass concentrations（25，50，75，100 μg/mL）of astragalus polysaccharide ，astragalus saponin and astragalus flavonoids for 1 day before radiation + 1 to 5 days after radiation on the proliferation of BMSCs. The dose concentration and the duration of intervention after radiation were selected. The irradiated BMSCs were divided into radiation group ，astragalus polysaccharide group ，astragalus saponin group and astragalus flavonoids group. The last three groups were treated with appropriate dosage of corresponding drugs before and 2 days after radiation ，and a blank groupwas set for comparison. Cytoplasmic division arrest qq.com micronucleus method was used to detect micronucleus cell rate and cell micronucleus rate after appropriate time of was used to detect th e number of 53BP1 foci in cells after appropriare time of intervention following radiation ；the number of 53BP1 foci were compared among different time points （0.5，2，12，24 h）. RESULTS ：Compared with blank group ，OD values of BMSCs were decreased significantly in radiation group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with radiation group ，the OD values of BMSCs were significantly increased when 50 μ g/mL astragalus polysaccharide，astragalus saponin and astragalus flavonoids continuously intervened radiation for 2-3 days，there was significant difference in other groups at some time point （P＜0.05 or P＜ 0.01）. After consideration ，drug concentration was determined to be 50 μg/mL，and the continuous intervention time was 2 days after radiation. Compared with blank group ，the micronucleus cell rate and cell micronucleus rate of radiation group ，astragalus polysaccharide group ，astragalus saponin group and astragalus flavonoids group increased significantly ，and the number of 53BP1 focus cluster in radiation group and astragalus polysaccharide group increased significantly （P＜0.01）. Compared with radiation group and astragalus flavonoids group ，the micronucleus cell rate ，cell micronucleus rate and the number of 53BP1 focus cluster （continued intervention for 0.5，2，12 h）in the astragalus polysaccharide group and astragalus saponin group were significantly reduced，and the micronucleus cell rate and cell micronucleus rate in the astragalus polysaccharide group were significantly lower than astragalus saponin group （P＜0.05）. 53BP1 focus cluster could not be detected 24 h later （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ： Astragalus polysaccharide and astragalus saponin both have protective effects on BMSCs DNA damage induced by radiation ，and the protective effect of astragalus polysaccharide is better than that of astragalus saponin ；astragalus flavonoids has no protective effect on radiation-induced DNA damage.

Differential Profile of Plasma Circular RNAs in Type 1Diabetes Mellitus

Background@#No currently available biomarkers or treatment regimens fully meet therapeutic needs of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Circular RNA (circRNA) is a recently identified class of stable noncoding RNA that have been documented as potential biomarkers for various diseases. Our objective was to identify and analyze plasma circRNAs altered in T1DM. @*Methods@#We used microarray to screen differentially expressed plasma circRNAs in patients with new onset T1DM (n=3) and age-/gender-matched healthy controls (n=3). Then, we selected six candidates with highest fold-change and validated them by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in independent human cohort samples (n=12). Bioinformatic tools were adopted to predict putative microRNAs (miRNAs) sponged by these validated circRNAs and their downstream messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed to gain further insights into T1DM pathogenesis. @*Results@#We identified 68 differentially expressed circRNAs, with 61 and seven being up- and downregulated respectively. Four of the six selected candidates were successfully validated. Curations of their predicted interacting miRNAs revealed critical roles in inflammation and pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. Functional relations were visualized by a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network. GO and KEGG analyses identified multiple inflammation-related processes that could be potentially associated with T1DM pathogenesis, including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, inflammatory mediator regulation of transient receptor potential channels and leukocyte activation involved in immune response. @*Conclusion@#Our study report, for the first time, a profile of differentially expressed plasma circRNAs in new onset T1DM. Further in silico annotations and bioinformatics analyses supported future application of circRNAs as novel biomarkers of T1DM.