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MXene possesses high conductivity, excellent hydrophilicity, rich surface chemistry, hence holds great potential in various applications. However, MXene materials have low surface area utilization due to the agglomeration of ultrathin nanosheets. Assembling 2D MXene nanosheets into 3D multi-level architectures is an effective way to circumvent this issue. Incorporation of MXene with other nanomaterials during the assembly process could rationally tune and tailor the specific surface area, porosity and surface chemistry of the MXene assemblies. The complementary and synergistic effect between MXene and nanomaterials could expand their advantages and make up for their disadvantages, thus boost the performance of 3D porous MXene composites. Herein, we summarize the recent progress in fabrication of porous MXene architectures from 2D to 3D, and also discuss the potential applications of MXene nanostructures in energy harvesting systems, sensing, electromagnetic interference shielding, water purification and photocatalysis.
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Tunnel-structured MnO2 represents open-framed electrode materials for reversible energy storage. Its wide application is limited by its poor cycling stability, whose structural origin is unclear. We tracked the structure evolution of ß-MnO2 upon Li+ ion insertion/extraction by combining advanced inâ situ diagnostic tools at both electrode level (synchrotron X-ray scattering) and single-particle level (transmission electron microscopy). The instability is found to originate from a partially reversible phase transition between ß-MnO2 and orthorhombic LiMnO2 upon lithiation, causing cycling capacity decay. Moreover, the MnO2 /LiMnO2 interface exhibits multiple arrow-headed disordered regions, which severely chop into the host and undermine its structural integrity. Our findings could account for the cycling instability of tunnel-structured materials, based on which future strategies should focus on tuning the charge transport kinetics toward performance enhancement.
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Battery materials, which store energy by combining mechanisms of intercalation, conversion, and alloying, provide promisingly high energy density but usually suffer from fast capacity decay due to the drastic volume change upon cycling. Particularly, the significant volume shrinkage upon mass (Li+, Na+, etc.) extraction inevitably leads to the formation of pores in materials and their final pulverization after cycling. It is necessary to explore the failure mechanism of such battery materials from the microscopic level in order to understand the evolution of porous structures. Here, prototyped Sb2Se3 nanowires are targeted to understand the structural failures during repetitive (de)sodiation, which exhibits mainly alloying and conversion mechanisms. The fast growing nanosized pores embedded in the nanowire during desodiation are identified to be the key factor that weakens the mechanical strength of the material and thus cause a rapid capacity decrease. To suppress the pore development, we further limit the cutoff charge voltage in a half-cell against Na below a critical value where the conversion reaction of such a material system is yet happening, the result of which demonstrates significantly improved battery performance with well-maintained structural integrity. These findings may shed some light on electrode failure investigation and rational design of advanced electrode materials with long cycling life.
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In lithium-oxygen batteries, the solubility of LiO2 intermediates in the electrolyte regulates the formation routes of the Li2O2 discharge product. High-donor-number electrolytes with a high solubility of LiO2 tend to promote the formation of Li2O2 large particles following the solution route, which eventually benefits the cell capacity and cycle life. Here, we propose that facet engineering of cathode catalysts could be another direction in tuning the formation routes of Li2O2. In this work, ß-MnO2 crystals with high occupancies of {111} or {100} facets were adopted as cathode catalysts in Li-O2 batteries with a tetra(ethylene)glycol dimethyl ether electrolyte. The {111}-dominated ß-MnO2 catalyzed the formation of the Li2O2 discharge product into large toroids following the solution routes, while {100}-dominated ß-MnO2 facilitated the formation of Li2O2 thin films through the surface routes. Further computational studies indicate that the different formation routes of Li2O2 could be related to different adsorption energies of LiO2 on the two facets of ß-MnO2. Our results demonstrate that facet engineering of cathode catalysts could be a new way to tune the formation route of Li2O2 in a low-donor-number electrolyte. We anticipate that this new finding would offer more choices for the design of lithium-oxygen batteries with high capacities and ultimately a long cycle life.
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Síndrome Metabólica , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Obesidade , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Incontinência Urinária , Humanos , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Síndrome Metabólica/complicações , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Obesidade/complicações , Incontinência Urinária/epidemiologia , Incontinência Urinária/etiologia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Feminino , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Masculino , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Acute rejection (AR) is a major complication post renal transplantation, with no widely-accepted non-invasive biomarker. This study aimed to explore the expression profiles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the peripheral blood (PB) of renal transplant recipients and their potential diagnostic values. METHODS: The genome-wide lncRNA expression profiles were analyzed in 150 PB samples from pediatric and adult renal transplant (PRTx and ARTx) cohorts. The diagnostic performance of differentially expressed lncRNA was determined using receiver operator characteristic curve, with area under the curve (AUC) and 95% confidential interval (CI). Finally, a risk score was constructed with logistical regression model. RESULTS: A total of 162 lncRNAs were found differentially expressed in PRTx cohort, while 163 in ARTx cohort. Among these identified lncRNAs, 23 deregulated accordingly in both cohorts, and could distinguish AR recipients from those without AR. Finally, a risk score with two most significant lncRNAs (AF264622 and AB209021) was generated and exhibited excellent diagnostic performance in both PRTx (AUC:0.829, 95% CI:0.735-0.922) and ARTx cohorts (AUC: 0.889, 95% CI: 0.817-0.960). CONCLUSION: A molecular signature of two lncRNAs in PB could serve as a novel non-invasive biomarker for the diagnosis of AR in both pediatric and adult renal transplant recipients.
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Rejeição de Enxerto/patologia , Transplante de Rim , RNA Longo não Codificante/sangue , Doença Aguda , Área Sob a Curva , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos de Coortes , Rejeição de Enxerto/genética , Rejeição de Enxerto/metabolismo , Humanos , Curva ROC , Transcriptoma , Transplante HomólogoRESUMO
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process by which epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal cell characteristics, is well recognized for its critical role in development, wound healing, tissue fibrosis, and cancer progression. During wound healing, keratinocytes undergo a partially reversible EMT process to promote migration and re-epithelialization. In this paper, we review the regulatory roles of key signaling pathways (TGF-ß, Wnt/ß-catenin, Notch) and core transcription factors (Snail, Slug, Twist) in EMT, explore the parallels between re-epithelialization and EMT, and outline recent therapeutic advances and future developments targeting EMT in wound healing. In addition, we call for the adoption of the term "epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity" (EMP) to more accurately describe the dynamic processes that occur during keratinocyte migration and re-epithelialization.
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ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation plays a crucial role in wound healing disorders, including chronic skin ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Over the years, traditional Chinese topical medications, such as Cinnabar (composed of HgS and soluble mercury salt) and hydrargyria oxydum rubrum (containing HgO and soluble mercury salt), have been utilized for treating these ailments. Nevertheless, the fundamental processes remain mostly ambiguous. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study sought to investigate the potential effects of topical mercury-containing preparations on the process of NET formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Neutrophils isolated from healthy individuals and mouse models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes were cultured with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), both with and without the mercury-containing preparations (MCP). The formation of NETs was monitored using confocal and scanning electron microscopes. Immunofluorescence and fluorescent probes were employed to assess the levels of citrulline histone H3 (Cit-H3) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), respectively. The impact of MCP extracts on cytokine expression, peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) was measured through Luminex and ELISA assays. Phagocytosis of human neutrophils was analyzed using Flow Cytometry. Finally, the phosphorylation levels of ERK were detected by western blotting. RESULTS: Treatment with MCP led to a reduction in PAD4, Cit-H3, and MPO expressions in neutrophils, consequently inhibiting PMA-induced NET formation. MCP treatment also dampened ERK1/2 activation in neutrophils. Furthermore, MCP exhibited inhibitory effects on the secretion of the cytokine IL-8 and ROS production while enhancing neutrophil phagocytosis. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that MCP can mitigate the release of NETs, likely by suppressing the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Armadilhas Extracelulares , Mercúrio , Humanos , Animais , Camundongos , Armadilhas Extracelulares/metabolismo , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Neutrófilos , Citocinas/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) provides convincing evaluation of systemic immune and inflammatory condition in human body. Its correlation with prostate cancer (PCa) risk remains uncharted. The principal objective of this investigation was to elucidate the association between SII and the risk for PCa in middle-aged and elderly males. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analysis entailed multivariate linear and logistic regression, generalized additive model, and smoothing curve fitting using resource from 2007 to 2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). To ascertain robustness and consistency of this association across different demographic strata, we conducted rigorous subgroup analyses and interaction tests. RESULTS: Among 3359 participants, those with elevated SII displayed higher total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) levels, higher risk for PCa, and lower free/total PSA (f/t PSA) ratio. Specifically, each unit increase of log2 (SII) was associated with a 0.22 ng/mL increase in tPSA (ß: 0.22, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.05-0.38), a 2.22% decline in f/t PSA ratio (ß: -2.22, 95% CI -3.20 to -1.23), and a 52% increased odds of being at high risk for PCa (odds ratio [OR]: 1.52, 95% CI 1.13-2.04). People in the top quartile of log2 (SII) exhibited 0.55 ng/mL increased tPSA (ß: 0.55, 95% CI 0.19-0.90), 4.39% reduced f/t PSA ratio (ß: -4.39, 95% CI -6.50 to -2.27), and 168% increased odds of being at high risk for PCa (OR: 2.68, 95% CI 1.32-5.46) compared to those in the bottom quartile. CONCLUSION: Systemic immune and inflammatory condition, as represented by SII, is independently and positively associated with tPSA levels and the risk for PCa, as well as independently and negatively associated with f/t PSA ratio among middle-aged and older US males. These findings may enhance the effectiveness of PCa screening in predicting positive biopsy results.
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Inflamação , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Antígeno Prostático Específico , Neoplasias da Próstata , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias da Próstata/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/imunologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/sangue , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Inflamação/sangue , Inflamação/imunologia , Inflamação/epidemiologia , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Antígeno Prostático Específico/sangue , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Metastasis remains a pivotal characteristic of cancer and is the primary contributor to cancer-associated mortality. Despite its significance, the mechanisms governing metastasis are not fully elucidated. Contemporary findings in the domain of cancer biology have shed light on the molecular aspects of this intricate process. Tumor cells undergoing invasion engage with other cellular entities and proteins en route to their destination. Insights into these engagements have enhanced our comprehension of the principles directing the movement and adaptability of metastatic cells. The tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in facilitating the invasion and proliferation of cancer cells by enabling tumor cells to navigate through stromal barriers. Such attributes are influenced by genetic and epigenetic changes occurring in the tumor cells and their surrounding milieu. A profound understanding of the metastatic process's biological mechanisms is indispensable for devising efficacious therapeutic strategies. This review delves into recent developments concerning metastasis-associated genes, important signaling pathways, tumor microenvironment, metabolic processes, peripheral immunity, and mechanical forces and cancer metastasis. In addition, we combine recent advances with a particular emphasis on the prospect of developing effective interventions including the most popular cancer immunotherapies and nanotechnology to combat metastasis. We have also identified the limitations of current research on tumor metastasis, encompassing drug resistance, restricted animal models, inadequate biomarkers and early detection methods, as well as heterogeneity among others. It is anticipated that this comprehensive review will significantly contribute to the advancement of cancer metastasis research.
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Metástase Neoplásica , Neoplasias , Microambiente Tumoral , Humanos , Microambiente Tumoral/genética , Microambiente Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/patologia , Neoplasias/terapia , Animais , Imunoterapia , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
With the development of science and technology, efficient, fast and green methods are increasingly being pursued. The production of nanocellulose by green methods, such as bio-enzymes-assisted ultrasound treatment, has been the focus of many studies. However, the yield of cellulose nanocrystals prepared by this method is very low. In this paper, by pretreatment of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), nanocellulose was prepared by heating and stirring + pectinase/cellulase + ultrasonic treatment (HSt - P/C - Ultr). The effects of the ratios of pectinase and cellulase and the hydrolysis time on the yield of nanocellulose were studied. FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM and TG were used to determine the structure, crystallinity, morphology and thermal stability of nanocellulose. The results showed that optimal hydrolysis conditions were determined as a pectinase : cellulase ratio of 1 : 1, 90 min and 50 °C. The yield of nanocellulose was about 32.0%. The yield of pectinase cellulase = 1 : 1 was higher than that of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) treated by a single bio-enzyme. This indicated that the synergistic effects of pectinase and cellulase have a certain effect on the formation of nanocellulose. During the preparation, the crystalline form of cellulose did not change. It was still cellulose I with a crystallinity of 73.5%, which is 9.50% higher than that of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), a width of 20-50 nm, a high aspect ratio and a winding network structure. Therefore, nanocellulose prepared by this method is an ideal toughening material for manufacturing composite materials.
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BACKGROUND: Tandem occlusion accounts for 10%-20% of all large vessel occlusion strokes and often yields a poor recanalization rate. The endovascular treatment of tandem lesions is still controversial. This study uses an endovascular treatment strategy, "guided catheter recovery balloon (GRB)" for the treatment of acute anterior circulation tandem occlusion. METHODS: A retrospective design was adopted. The population included patients with acute tandem occlusion who received emergency GRB endovascular treatment. And the choice of stenting was made based on intraoperative radiography imaging. Recanalization was evaluated by the thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score after the operation. Three-month modified Rankin Scale follow-up results were recorded, and modified Rankin Scale ≤2 was considered favorable recovery. RESULTS: A total of 55 patients aged 66.9 ± 8.5 years were enrolled, 37 of whom received stenting. The mean overall recanalization time was 46 minutes. Fifty (90.9%) patients achieved successful recanalization with a thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score of 2b-3. At the 3-month follow-up, the number of patients with favorable functional recovery was 28 (50.9%). The presence of hypertension was correlated with a favorable recovery outcome: 82.1% of the favorable recovery population had hypertension, and 55.6% of the unfavorable outcome population had hypertension (P = 0.033). There was no statistically significant association between stent application and favorable recovery outcomes (P = 0.504). CONCLUSIONS: GRB technique showed a high recanalization rate when applied to the treatment of acute anterior circulation tandem occlusion.
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Procedimentos Endovasculares , Hipertensão , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Procedimentos Endovasculares/métodos , Trombectomia/métodos , Infarto Cerebral , Catéteres , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/cirurgia , StentsRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The safety and efficacy of drug-eluting balloon on the treatment of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) remain unclear. Here, we present our observation in a cohort study on the safety and efficacy of rapamycin-eluting balloon for patients with ICAS. METHODS: A total of 80 ICAS patients with stenosis degree of 70-99% were included. All patients were treated with rapamycin-eluting balloon and were followed up for 12 months after operation. RESULTS: All patients were successfully treated, where the mean stenosis severity reduced from 85.1 ± 7.6 to 6 ± 4.9%. 8 patients experienced immediate post-operational complications. Two patients passed away during the first month of the follow-up period. Recurrent ischemic syndrome and angiographic restenosis only appeared 7 days after operation. During later follow-up period, none of the patients had clinical angiographic restenosis or needed target vessel revascularization. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that intracranial stenting with rapamycin-eluting balloon seems to be safe and effective, although more clinical data are needed to support this notion.
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Reestenose Coronária , Stents Farmacológicos , Arteriosclerose Intracraniana , Humanos , Estudos de Coortes , Sirolimo/farmacologia , Stents Farmacológicos/efeitos adversos , Constrição Patológica , Stents , Arteriosclerose Intracraniana/cirurgia , Resultado do Tratamento , Angiografia CoronáriaRESUMO
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a multifunctional protein involved in lipid transport and lipoprotein metabolism, mediating lipid distribution/redistribution in tissues and cells. It can also regulate inflammation and immune function, maintain cytoskeleton stability, and improve neural tissue Function. Due to genetic polymorphisms of ApoE (ε2, ε3, and ε4), its three common structural isoforms (ApoE2, ApoE3, ApoE4) are also associated with the risk of many diseases, especially degenerative diseases, such as vascular degenerative diseases including atherosclerosis (AS), coronary heart disease (CHD), and neurodegenerative disease like Alzheimer's disease (AD). The frequency of the ε4 allele and APOE variants were significantly higher than that of the ε2 and ε3 alleles in the patients with CHD or AD. In recent years, ApoE has frequently appeared in tumor research and become a tumor biomarker gradually. It has been found that ApoE is highly expressed in most solid tumor tissues, such as glioblastoma, gastric cancer, pancreatic ductal cell carcinoma, etc. Studies illustrated that ApoE could regulate the polarization changes of macrophages, participate in the construction of tumor immune microenvironment, regulate tumor inflammation and immune response and play a role in tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis. Of course, many functions of ApoE and its relationship with diseases are still under research. By reviewing the structure and function of ApoE from degeneration diseases to tumor neoplasms, we hope to better understand such a biomarker and further explore the value of ApoE in later studies.
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Doença de Alzheimer , Neoplasias , Doenças Neurodegenerativas , Humanos , Apolipoproteínas E/genética , Apolipoproteínas E/metabolismo , Apolipoproteína E4/genética , Neoplasias/genética , Inflamação/genética , Doença de Alzheimer/genética , Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Genótipo , Microambiente Tumoral/genéticaRESUMO
Traditional wood adhesives have the problems of excessive dependence on fossil resources and environmental pollution. Cellulose, a renewable biomass resource with a low price and huge output, provides a basis for preparing biomass wood adhesives. In this study, a new type of polyamide resin was prepared by modifying microcrystalline cellulose and reacting with natural citric acid. Specifically, toluenesulfonyl cellulose (TS) was synthesized, and functional amino cellulose (AC) was prepared by a nucleophilic substitution reaction with hyperbranched polyamide (HP). Then cellulose-based hyperbranched polyamide resin (CHP) was prepared by polycondensation with citric acid. The structure of CHP resin was investigated by FTIR, XPS, 13C NMR and GPC, and plywood was prepared to study its mechanical properties. Due to the formation of hyperbranched cross-linked network structure inside the resin, the prepared plywood has excellent properties. The dry shear strength reaches 2.24 MPa, and the strength reaches 1.25 and 1.31 MPa after soaking in water at 63 °C and 93 °C for 3 h. The resin in this study has a simple preparation process and excellent performance, which provides a solid foundation for developing high-performance cellulose-based wood adhesives.
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Adesivos , Nylons , Adesivos/química , Madeira/química , Biomassa , Celulose/químicaRESUMO
Background: Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is a representative histologic subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). RCC exhibits a strong immunogenicity with a prominent dysfunctional immune infiltration. Complement C1q C chain (C1QC) is a polypeptide in serum complement system and is involved in tumorigenesis and the modulation of tumor microenvironment (TME). However, researches have not explored the effect of C1QC expression on prognosis and tumor immunity of KIRC. Methods: The difference in a wide variety of tumor tissues and normal tissues in terms of the C1QC expression was detected using TIMER and TCGA portal databases, and further validation of protein expression of C1QC was conducted via Human Protein Atlas. Then, the associations of C1QC expression with clinicopathological data and other genes were studied with the use of UALCAN database. Subsequently, the association of C1QC expression with prognosis was predicted by searching the Kaplan-Meier plotter database. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network with the Metascape database was built using STRING software, such that the mechanism underlying the C1QC function can be studied in depth. The TISCH database assisted in the evaluation of C1QC expression in different cell types in KIRC at the single-cell level. Moreover, the association of C1QC and the infiltration level of tumor immune cell was assessed using TIMER platform. The TISIDB website was selected to deeply investigate the Spearman correlation between C1QC and immune-modulator expression. Lastly, how C1QC affected the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro was assessed using knockdown strategies. Results: KIRC tissues had notably upregulated C1QC level in comparison with adjacent normal tissues, with showed a positive relevance to clinicopathological features including tumor stage, grade, and nodal metastasis, and a negative relevance to clinical prognosis in KIRC. C1QC knockdown inhibited KIRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, as indicated by the results of the in vitro experiment. Furthermore, functional and pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that C1QC was involved in immune system-related biological processes. According to single-cell RNA analysis, C1QC exhibited a specific upregulation in macrophages cluster. Additionally, there was an obvious association of C1QC and a wide variety of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in KIRC. Also, high C1QC expression presented inconsistent prognosis in different enriched immune cells subgroups in KIRC. Immune factors might contribute to C1QC function in KIRC. Conclusion: C1QC is qualified to predict KIRC prognosis and immune infiltration biologically. Targeting C1QC may bring new hope for the treatment of KIRC.
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BACKGROUND: Diabetic wounds represent a severe clinical challenge in which impaired M2 macrophage polarization and continuous macrophage glycolysis play crucial roles. Calycosin-7-glucoside (CG) is an isoflavone component in Astragali Radix (AR), which has become a research focus for treating diabetic wounds following reports indicating that it has anti-inflammatory effects. However, the mechanism through which CG can treat diabetic wounds is yet to be deciphered. PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of CG on diabetic wounds and its underlying mechanism. METHODS: The potential mechanism underlying the treatment of diabetic wounds by CG was screened using bioinformatics. The therapeutic effects of CG were then investigated using a db/db diabetic wound model. Moreover, an LPS- and IFN-γ-induced RAW264.7 cell inflammation model was used to elucidate the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effects of CG against diabetic wounds. RESULTS: Network pharmacology predicted that the AMPK pathway could be the main target through which CG treats diabetic wounds. In db/db diabetic mice, CG could accelerate wound healing and promote granulation tissue regeneration. Protein chip technology revealed that CG increased the production of M-CSF, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-10, IL-13, and IL-4 but not that of MCP-1, IL-1ß, IL-1α, TNF-α, and TNF-RII. Moreover, CG elevated the proportion of Ly6CLo/- anti-inflammatory monocytes in peripheral blood and M2 macrophages in the wound. The ELISA and flow cytometry analyses revealed that CG enhanced the levels of IL-10, VEGF, CD206, and Arg-1 expression whereas it considerably reduced the levels of IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, CD86, and iNOS expression. Meanwhile, CG increased the macrophage mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased the mitochondrial ADP/ATP ratio and glycolysis rate of M1 macrophages through the ROS/AMPK/STAT6 pathway. CONCLUSIONS: The network pharmacology and molecular dockin identified the AMPK pathway as a critical pathway for treating diabetic wounds using topical CG application. CG was found to promote anti-inflammatory monocyte recruitment and decrease the mitochondrial glycolysis rate to induce M2 macrophage polarization via the ROS/AMPK/STAT6 pathway. These results suggest that CG might be a promising therapeutic agent for diabetic wounds.
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Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Isoflavonas , Camundongos , Animais , Interleucina-10 , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Glicosídeos , Farmacologia em Rede , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por AMP , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Cicatrização , Anti-InflamatóriosRESUMO
To achieve real-time monitoring of Au3+, a corn bract cellulose-based fluorescent probe MAC-1 for was synthesized. MAC-1 showed good fluorescence properties in DMF-H2O (1:9, v/v, pH = 7.4) solution, showed a fluorescence emission peak at 520 nm with quenching fluorescence properties for Au3+. The structure of MAC-1 was analyzed by SEM (Sample microstructure images), XRD (X-ray diffraction), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), 1H NMR, Elemental analysis, EDS, Mapping and TG (Thermogravimetry) were analyzed. The fluorescence properties of the probe were also characterized by UV spectrophotometer and fluorescence spectrophotometer. The results showed that the recognition of Au3+ by the probe MAC-1 exhibited high selectivity and high sensitivity. Moreover, it is highly resistant to interference and has a short response time, which can be rapidly responded within 1 min. In addition, to improve the practical application of the probe, the probe was prepared as a fluorescent composite film and the fluorescence effect shown by the fluorescent composite film is consistent with the fluorescence change of the probe MAC-1 itself. The fluorescent composite film also has excellent selectivity and good overall physical and mechanical properties. This study provides a meaningful reference for the detection of Au3+ and further expands the application field of agroforestry waste.
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Celulose , Corantes Fluorescentes , Corantes Fluorescentes/química , Celulose/química , Zea maysRESUMO
Objective: To observe the safety and efficacy of warfarin and rivaroxaban in anticoagulation therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: A total of 96 patients with AF treated in our hospital from June 2019 to February 2021 were enrolled in this study. According to the different modes of drug administration, the patients were divided into the warfarin group and rivaroxaban group. Demographic and clinical data such as age, body weight, and previous drug use were collected. The blood routine, liver and kidney function, blood coagulation routine, and cardiac color ultrasound were accessed. The valvular atrial fibrillation and anticoagulant taboos were excluded, and the risk of embolism and bleeding was evaluated. Among them, 48 patients in the warfarin group were given warfarin once a day, and the international ratio (INR) was used to adjust the dose, and the INR was controlled between 2.0 and 3.0. In contrast, 48 patients in the rivaroxaban group received a fixed dose of rivaroxaban 20 mg or 15 mg once a day. After administration, regular telephone or outpatient follow-up was given once a month, to monitor patients' drug compliance and ask if there was bleeding, and to detect blood routine, urine routine, fecal routine+occult blood, and liver and kidney function. In addition, at the beginning of 3, 6, and 12 months of follow-up, each patient was given cardiac color Doppler ultrasound, peripheral vascular color ultrasound, and brain CT to determine whether there were mural thrombosis, stroke, and peripheral arterial thromboembolism. The INR attainment rate, coagulation index, thromboembolism, bleeding, and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results: There was no significant difference in serum Dmurd and NT-proBNP levels between the two groups before treatment and 3, 6, and 9 months after treatment. There was no significant difference in the number of venous embolism, pulmonary embolism, cerebral embolism, and total embolism between the two groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the number of mild, moderate, and severe bleeding between the two groups (P > 0.05), but the total number of bleeding in the rivaroxaban group was lower than that in the warfarin group (P < 0.05). During the treatment, side effects such as nausea and vomiting, elevated transaminase, glutamyl transpeptidase, and diarrhea occurred between the two groups, and there was no significant difference in the number of adverse reactions between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Compared with warfarin, rivaroxaban anticoagulant therapy has the same advantage in tolerance and prevention of thromboembolism in patients with AF, but rivaroxaban can effectively reduce the risk of bleeding in patients with AF.
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Fibrilação Atrial , Embolia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Tromboembolia , Anticoagulantes/efeitos adversos , Fibrilação Atrial/complicações , Fibrilação Atrial/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos de Coortes , Embolia/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores do Fator Xa/uso terapêutico , Hemorragia/induzido quimicamente , Hemorragia/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Rivaroxabana/efeitos adversos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/tratamento farmacológico , Tromboembolia/tratamento farmacológico , Tromboembolia/prevenção & controle , Resultado do Tratamento , Varfarina/efeitos adversosRESUMO
This study explored a green and efficient method for cellulose extraction from corn bract. The cellulose extraction by the CHB (CH3COOH/H2O2/Bio-enzyme) method and the N-CHB (NH3·H2O-CH3COOH/H2O2/Bio-enzyme) method were compared and analyzed. The effect of ammonia pretreatment on cellulose extraction by bio-enzymatic methods was discussed. The results showed that ammonia promoted the subsequent bio-enzymatic reaction and had a positive effect on the extraction of cellulose. Sample microstructure images (SEM) showed that the cellulose extracted by this method was in the form of fibrous bundles with smooth surfaces. The effect of different pretreatment times of ammonia on cellulose was further explored, and cellulose was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The results showed that the N3h-CHB (NH3·H2O 50 °C 3 h, CH3COOH/H2O2 70 °C 11 h, Bio-enzyme 50 °C 4 h) method was the best way to extract cellulose in this study. FTIR showed that most of the lignin and hemicellulose were removed. XRD showed that all the cellulose extracted in this study was type I cellulose. TG analysis showed that the cellulose was significantly more thermally stable, with a maximum degradation temperature of 338.9 °C, close to that of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). This study provides a reference for the utilization of corn bract and offers a new technical route for cellulose extraction.