Hereditary Severe Insulin-resistance Syndrome and Acanthosis Nigricans Caused by Novel Mutations in the INSR Gene.

Most cases associated with Hereditary Severe Insulin Resistance Syndrome (H-SIRS) are linked to mutations in the insulin receptor (INSR) gene. Patients with H-SIRS typically manifest symptoms of hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus. Other symptoms include impaired glucose regulation, hyperandrogenism, and the presence of acanthosis nigricans (AN). In this report, we present two cases of H-SIRS in female children exhibiting various symptoms, such as hyperinsulinemia, fasting hypoglycemia, postprandial hyperglycemia, overweight, fatty liver, hyperandrogenism, and varying degrees of AN. One patient also presented with mental retardation. Gene sequencing identified specific mutations in the INSR gene for both patients: c.2663A > G (p.Tyr888Cys) and c.38_61del (p.Pro13_Ala20del). These mutations have the potential to disrupt the interaction between INSR and insulin, leading to abnormal insulin signaling, insulin resistance, and various clinical manifestations.

Modified Gexiazhuyu decoction alleviates chronic salpingitis p38 signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate pharmacodynamic effects of modified Gexiazhuyu decoction (MGXZYD) and explore the underlying mechanism in the treatment of chronic salpingitis METHODS: Chronic salpingitis model rats were firstly constructed and the blood was collected to detect the whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity. Rat oviduct were collected to evaluate the macroscopic damage and the pathological injury and fibrosis of oviduct by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson staining. Elisa assay was to detect the production interleukin-1 ß (IL-1ß) in serum and collagen I (COL-1), matrix metalloprotein 9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) in oviduct tissue. And immunohistochemical staining with MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in oviduct tissue were examined. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38MAPK), phospho-p38MPAK (p-p38MPAK), transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1) in oviduct. The expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), p-p38MPAK, in oviduct tissue were detected by immunofluorescence method. The mRNA of p-p38MAPK, α -SMA, COL-1, MMP-9, TIMP-1 was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Rats administrated with MGXZYD demonstrated decreased the whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity. MGXZYD obviously improved the tubal wall thickening, swelling and pelvic adhesion. And HE and Masson staining showed MGXZYD improved the pathological injury and fibrosis of oviduct. The results of MTT assay and flow cytometry indicated that MGXZYD could decreased the NIN-3T3 cells viability and improved the apoptosis. Besides, MGXZYD inhibited the protein and / or mRNA of TGF-ß1, IL-1ß, COL-1, α-SMA, p-p38MAPK expressions and increased the production of MMP-9/TIMP-1. CONCLUSION: MGXZYD could prevent the progression of chronic salpingitis by inhibited the fibrocyte and inflammation which inhibited the p38 MAPK signaling pathway.

Electroacupuncture attenuates chronic salpingitis transforming growth factor-ß1/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on rats with chronic fallopian tube inflammation and its potential mechanisms. METHODS: Thirty-six female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into Control, Model and EA groups. The pathological morphology of the fallopian tubes was observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson staining. The results of transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1), P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphorylation (p)-p38MAPK in rat oviduct tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results of P38MAPK, p-P38MAPK and TGF-ß1 in rat oviduct tissues were detected by immunofluorescence. The expression level of p38MAPK, p-P38MAPK, TGF-ß1 protein in rats was detected by Western blot. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect mRNA expression levels of TGF-ß1. RESULTS: It found that collagen fibers counts decreased significantly in EA group compared to Model group. The phosphorylation of P38MAPK in EA group was significantly reduced compared to Model group. The serum TGF-ß1 expressions in EA group increased decreased significantly. CONCLUSION: Electroacupuncture was able to attenuate chronic salpingitis through down-regulating TGF-ß1/MAPK signaling pathway.

Construction and Application of the Big Data Research Platform for Biological Sample Information Resources in a Large Com-prehensive Hospital / 医学信息学杂志

Purpose/Significance By integrating clinical and biological sample information,a big data research platform for biologi-cal sample information resources is built to provide one-stop data retrieval,integration and analysis services for researchers,and a data governance system is established,so as to improve the level of hospital clinical research infrastructure construction.Method/Process Common data model and data governance technology are adopted to integrate data sources from different vendors through extraction,trans-formation,loading and other steps to provide a unified data access portal.Result/Conclusion The big data research platform for biologi-cal sample information resources has the advantages of multi-dimensional data screening and rapid integrated analysis,which can pro-vide support for clinical research.

Tricuspid Valve Geometry of Idiopathic Pulmonary Hypertension:a Three-dimensional Transthoracic Echocardiography Study / 中国循环杂志

Objectives:To evaluate the tricuspid valve(TV)geometric remodeling in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension(IPAH)by three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography. Methods:Two-dimensional and three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography were performed in 30 IPAH patients and 15 healthy controls,and the geometry parameters of TV were obtained by four-dimensional auto tricuspid valve quantitative(4D Auto-TVQ)in the right ventricular-focused apical view.Pulmonary arterial hypertension was determined by right heart catheterization within 48 hours of echocardiography. Results:The 4-chamber diameter,tricuspid annular(TA)perimeter,TA area,maximal tenting height,coaptation point height and tenting volume were larger in IPAH patients than those in healthy controls(all P＜0.05),2-chamber diameter was similar between two groups.In IPAH group,maximal tenting height and coaptation point height were moderately correlated with right ventricular end-diastolic volume(r=0.710,r=0.515,both P＜0.05),while TA perimeter,4-chamber diameter and TA area were moderately correlated with right atrial end-systolic volume(r=0.712,r=0.558,r=0.545,all P＜0.05). Conclusions:IPAH patients have larger maximal tenting height,coaptation point height and tenting volume,TA enlargement is mainly visible in 4-chamber diameter.TV tenting height is associated with right ventricular volume,but TA size is associated with right atrial volume in IPAH patients.

Application value of CT radiomics in differentiating malignant and benign sub-centimeter solid pulmonary nodules / 中国辐射卫生

Objective To investigate the application efficiency and potential of CT radiomics in differentiating malignant and benign sub-centimeter solid pulmonary nodules. Methods A retrospective study was performed on the sub-centimeter ( ≤ 10 mm) solid pulmonary nodules detected by enhanced CT in our hospital from March 2020 to January 2023. Malignancy was confirmed by surgical pathology, and benignity was confirmed by surgical pathology or follow-up. Lesions were manually segmented and radiomic features were extracted. The feature dimension was reduced via feature correlation analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). The 5-fold cross validation was used to validate the model. Support vector machine, logistic regression, linear classification support vector machine, gradient boosting, and random forest models were established for CT radiomics. Receiver operating characteristic curves were drawn. Delong test was used to compare the diagnostic performance of the five classifiers. The optimal model was selected and compared to radiologists with medium and high seniority. Results A total of 303 nodules, 136 of which were malignant, were examined. Radiomics models were established after feature extraction and selection. On test set, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of support vector machine, logistic regression, linear classification support vector machine, random forest, and gradient boosting models were 0.922 (95%CI: 0.893, 0.950), 0.910 (95%CI: 0.878, 0.942), 0.905 (95%CI: 0.872, 0.938), 0.899 (95%CI: 0.865, 0.933), and 0.896 (95%CI: 0.862, 0.930), respectively. Delong test indicated no significant differences in the performance of the five radiomics models, and the support vector machine model showed the highest accuracy and F1 score. The support vector machine model showed significantly higher diagnostic accuracy as compared to radiologists (83.8% vs. 55.4%, P < 0.001). Conclusion The radiomics models achieved high diagnostic efficiency and may help to reduce the uncertainty in diagnosis of malignant and benign sub-centimeter solid nodules by radiologists.

Postoperative symptoms of patients with plastic surgery: a clinical study based on SCL-90 / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective:To investigate the mental health status of plastic surgery patients.Methods:A total of 487 plastic surgery patients [4 males and 475 females, aged 17-66 (30±10) years)] from Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine were investigated by symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90).Results:In a sample of 479 cases, 111 were positive for SCL-90, accounting for 23.1%. Among non-reconstructive surgeries, 92 out of 439 cases were positive, representing 21.0%, while in reconstructive surgeries, 19 out of 40 cases were positive, amounting to 47.5%. The positive detection rate of SCL-90 in reconstructive surgeries was significantly higher than that in non-reconstructive surgeries (χ 2=21.20, P<0.05). Compared with the national norm, the overall mental health status of patients with plastic surgery and cosmetic surgery showed that the average scores of obsessive-compulsive state (1.91±0.43), anxiety (1.46±0.31), hostility (1.60±0.36), and terror (1.28±0.24) were statistically significant higher than the norm ( t=10.03, P<0.05; t=3.27, P<0.05; t=5.20, P<0.05; t=2.50, P<0.05). The average score of obsessive-compulsive state (2.11±0.54), interpersonal sensitivity (1.82±0.39), depression (1.68±0.50), hostility (1.74±0.45), terror (1.39±0.28), paranoia (1.49±0.34), and psychotic (1.35±0.28) in patients undergoing reconstructive surgeries were all higher than those without reconstructive surgeries ( t=2.97, P<0.05; t=2.10, P<0.05; t=2.18, P<0.05; t=2.18, P<0.05; t=2.80, P<0.05; t=2.20, P<0.05; t=2.10, P<0.05). Conclusions:The results of SCL-90 show that the mental health level of plastic surgery patients (especially repair surgery patients) is lower than that of the normal population, which suggests that we should pay attention to the psychological evaluation and care about the physical and mental health of these patients.

Diagnostic value of ATP stress myocardial perfusion imaging in detecting coronary artery disease with quantitative coronary angiography as the gold standard / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective:To assess the diagnostic value of ATP stress myocardial perfusion imaging(MPI) in detecting coronary heart disease (CAD) with quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) as the gold standard.Methods:A total of 95 consecutive patients (65 males, 30 females, age (56.2±8.5) years) who underwent ATP stress/rest MPI and coronary angiography (CAG) within one month in Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from May 2018 to December 2018 were enrolled prospectively. The adverse reactions of ATP stress test were observed. Semi-quantitative analysis was performed on MPI results, and the summed stress score (SSS), summed rest score (SRS) and summed difference score (SDS) were obtained. Quantitative analysis was performed on CAG images, and the degree of QCA coronary artery stenosis was analyzed. Using QCA as the gold standard, the diagnostic efficiency of ATP stress MPI was calculated. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to analyzed the relationship between SSS and the degree of QCA coronary artery stenosis.Results:In 95 cases, the incidence of adverse reactions in ATP stress test was 73.7%(70/95), which could be relieved automatically after drug withdrawal. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of ATP stress MPI in diagnosing coronary artery stenosis ≥50% were 45.3%(24/53), 81.0%(34/42), 75.0%(24/32), 54.0%(34/63) and 61.1%(58/95) respectively, which were 15/16, 78.5%(62/79), 46.9%(15/32), 98.4%(62/63), and 81.1%(77/95) respectively in diagnosing coronary artery stenosis ≥70%. There was moderate correlation between SSS and the degree of QCA coronary artery stenosis ( r=0.418, P=0.017). Conclusion:ATP stress MPI has a clinical value in the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia in CAD.

Application of autogenous cartilage transplantation in correction of nasal soft-tissue triangle deformities aided by 3D technology / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective:To evaluate the curative effect of autogenous cartilage transplantation in the correction of nasal soft-tissue triangle deformities aided by 3D technology.Methods:From January 2016 to January 2018, 32 patients with nasal soft-tissue triangle deformities were collected, with 7 males and 25 females, aged from 18 to 32 years (mean 28.5±6.8 years). A part of the costal cartilage/nasal septum cartilage or auricular cartilage was cut as repair material, which was carved into strips, and used as nasal alar rim grafts to reconstruct the dome shape and correct the nasal soft triangle deformities. The costal cartilage or nasal septum cartilage was used to strengthen the support of the columella nasi and augmentation rhinoplasty was performed with prosthesis, and the fascia was placed on nose tip to relieve tension. The surgical results were evaluated by comparing the pre- and post-operative images; statistical analysis was conducted to compare the difference of alar cartilage angle along inside and outside implants before and after the fornix reconstruction, and the difference of maximum distance from the nostrils long shaft to the nose flange between pre- and post-operation, and so the effect of nasal soft triangular deformity correction was evaluated.Results:The alar cartilage angle of the 32 patients was (51.5±10.9)° before surgery, and decreased to (37.2±5.9)° after surgery; the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The maximum distance from the nostrils long shaft to the nose flange was (3.3±0.6) mm before surgery, and it reduced to (1.9±0.7) mm after surgery; the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The patients were followed up for 6 to 18 months, and the result showed that the curative effect was significant, with good appearance and natural feeling, and there were no serious complications, and the satisfactory rate was 87.5%. Conclusions:Autogenous cartilage is used to repair nasal soft-tissue triangle deformities aided by 3D technology; the nasal morphology is improved delicately, and the postoperative satisfaction of curative effect is high, which is an ideal surgical method.

Experimental research of PET imaging with novel 18F-labeled myocardial perfusion imaging tracer: 18F-MyoZone / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective@#To investigate the biodistribution of 4-chloro-2-tert-butyl-5-[2-[[1-[2-[2-18F-fluroethoxy]ethoxymethyl]-1H-1, 2, 3-triazol-4-yl]methyl]phenylmethoxy]-3(2H)-pyridazinone (18F-MyoZone) and evaluate its clinical potential as a PET myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) tracer in mini-swine.@*Methods@#18F-MyoZone was prepared. Twelve Bama mini-swine were intravenously injected with approximately 111 MBq of 18F-MyoZone to evaluate PET imaging characteristics. Whole-body PET scans were performed at the timing of 5, 20, 40, 60 and 120 min postinjection to measure time-dependent mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean) in multiple organs of health animals (n=6). SUVmean ratios of myocardium/liver and myocardium/lung over time were then calculated. Mini-swine with induced acute myocardial infarction (n=3) and chronic myocardial ischemia (n=3) accompanying with health mini-swine (n=3) were utilized to evaluate the diagnostic capability of 18F-MyoZone PET MPI.@*Results@#The typical decay-corrected radiochemical yield of 18F-MyoZone reached (52.0±4.3)%(n=3) with a high radiochemical purity (>98%). In the biodistribution study, high initial myocardial uptake (SUVmean=10.40±2.40 at 5 min postinjection) and remarkable myocardial retention (SUVmean=9.30±2.00 at 120 min postinjection) were observed. The adjacent organs (like the liver and lungs) indicated low tracer uptake and rapid clearance. The heart/liver and heart/lung SUVmean ratios were 4.77±0.91 and 17.14±5.84 respectively at 5 min postinjection, with an increase to 11.16±1.38 and 21.69±7.09 at 120 min postinjection. In the MPI study of mini-swine, normal myocardium demonstrated uniform tracer distribution with clearly visualizable myocardial boundary, infarct myocardium and severe ischemia myocardium performed intense resting perfusion defect, and ischemia myocardium revealed reversible perfusion defect by stress/rest MPI. The myocardial image quality remained stable within 120 min postinjection.@*Conclusions@#MPI with 18F-MyoZone exhibits high initial myocardial uptake and low extracardiac activities in adjacent organs. Advantages in early imaging and wide diagnostic time window make it a promising PET MPI tracer.

Experimental research of PET imaging with novel 18F-labeled myocardial perfusion imaging tracer: 18F-MyoZone / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective To investigate the biodistribution of 4-chloro-2-tert-butyl-5-[2-[[1-[2-[2-18 F-fluroethoxy] ethoxymethyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl] methyl] phenylmethoxy]-3(2H)-pyridazinone (18F-MyoZone) and evaluate its clinical potential as a PET myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) tracer in miniswine.Methods 18F-MyoZone was prepared.Twelve Bama mini-swine were intravenously injected with approximately 111 MBq of 18F-MyoZone to evaluate PET imaging characteristics.Whole-body PET scans were performed at the timing of 5,20,40,60 and 120 min postinjection to measure time-dependent mean stand-ardized uptake value (SUVmean) in multiple organs of health animals (n =6).SUVmean ratios of myocardium/liver and myocardium/lung over time were then calculated.Mini-swine with induced acute myocardial infarction (n =3) and chronic myocardial ischemia (n =3) accompanying with health mini-swine (n =3) were utilized to evaluate the diagnostic capability of 18F-MyoZone PET MPI.Results The typical decay-corrected radiochemical yield of 18 F-MyoZone reached (52.0±4.3)％ (n =3) with a high radiochemical purity (＞98％).In the biodistribution study,high initial myocardial uptake (SUVmean =10.40±2.40 at 5 min postinjection) and remarkable myocardial retention (SUVmean =9.30±2.00 at 120 min postinjection) were observed.The adjacent organs (like the liver and lungs) indicated low tracer uptake and rapid clearance.The heart/liver and heart/lung SUVmean ratios were 4.77±0.91 and 17.14±5.84 respectively at 5 min postinjection,with an increase to 11.16± 1.38 and 21.69±7.09 at 120 min postinjection.In the MPI study of miniswine,normal myocardium demonstrated uniform tracer distribution with clearly visualizable myocardial boundary,infarct myocardium and severe ischemia myocardium performed intense resting perfusion defect,and ischemia myocardium revealed reversible perfusion defect by stress/rest MPI.The myocardial image quality remained stable within 120 min postinjection.Conclusions MPI with 18F-MyoZone exhibits high initial myocardial uptake and low extracardiac activities in adjacent organs.Advantages in early imaging and wide diagnostic time window make it a promising PET MPI tracer.

Rapamycin upregulates autophagy inhibits cell proliferation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells / 安徽医科大学学报

Objective @#To investigate the effect of autophagy activation on cell proliferation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) .@*Methods @#HUVECs were treated with rapamycin (Rapa) . Western blot assay was performed to examine the expression of protein of microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) , Beclin 1 and unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) . Autophagosomes were detected by transmission electron microscopy ( TEM) , and autophagy fluorescence was detected by monodansylcadaverine staining(MDC) assay . The effect of autophagy activation on cell proliferation was assessed by CCK-8 assay and EdU assay . Vascular formation experiments were used to detect vasculogenic ability .@*Results @#After Rapa treatment , LC3 , Beclin1 and ULK1 expressions were en- hanced , while the green autophagy fluorescence expression in the experimental group was stronger than that in the control group , and autophagosomes were visible by TEM ; CCK-8 and EdU results showed that compared with the control group , the cell proliferation ability was weakened and tubes formation ability was reduced after the activation of autophagy in experimental cells . @*Conclusion @#Rapa upregulates autophagy activity in HUVECs to inhibit cell proliferation under certain time .

Risk factors for preterm birth, low birth weight and small for gestational age: a prospective cohort study / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective@#To study the relationship between exposure factors in early pregnancy and preterm birth (PB), low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA) of neonates.@*Methods@#A total of 3 172 pregnant women who were enrolled in the project of Chinese Pregnant Women Cohort Study-Peking Union Medical College (CPWCS-PUMC) from July 25, 2017 to July 24, 2018 and delivered before December 31, 2018 were selected as subjects in this study. The relationship between exposure factors in early pregnancy and adverse outcomes of neonatal delivery was analyzed by using binary logistic regression analysis.@*Results@#The incidence rates of PB, LBW and SGA were 4.76%, 3.53% and 5.74%, respectively. In terms of PB, the analysis results showed that the gestational weight gain (GWG) and living in northern China were protective factors, while premature rupture of membranes, gestational hypertension, dental examination or treatment within 1-3 years and family with 3-4 members were risk factors. In the respect of LBW, GWG and daily consumption of milk and dairy products were the protective factors, while premature rupture of membranes, gestational hypertension, sedentary working time more than 6 hours, dental examination or treatment within 1-3 years and passive smoking were risk factors. For SGA, baby girl, passive smoking, peanut oil consumption and unsalted taste were risk factors, while folic acid supplementation was protective factor.@*Conclusion@#The risk factors for PB, LBW and SGA were multifactorial, and relevant specific measures should be taken to reduce the occurrence of adverse neonatal outcomes.

Analysis of oral health care behavior and associated factors among women in the 1st trimester / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective@#To explore oral health care behavior and related factors among women in their 1st trimester.@*Methods@#Our analysis included 7 014 women in their 1st trimester aged 16 years or above from the baseline survey of the Chinese Pregnant Women Cohort Study (CPWCS). Data on socio-demographic characteristics and oral health care behavior were collected using an electronic questionnaire. Multiple-factors Logistic regression was used to analyze factors associated with oral health care behavior.@*Results@#The results revealed that 5 134 (73.20%), 2 482 (35.39%), and 1 046 (14.91%) pregnant women brushed their teeth twice a day or more, never had an oral examination, and used special oral care products for pregnant women, respectively. The frequency of brushing teeth and oral examination was positively associated with age and annual household income. Compared to unemployed pregnant women with rural registered residences and low education levels, highly educated and employed pregnant women with city registered residences had a higher frequency of brushing teeth and undergoing oral examination. Pregnant women with depressive symptoms had a lower frequency of brushing teeth (OR=0.73, 95% CI: 0.65-0.81), while those with medical insurance underwent more frequent oral examination (OR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.02-1.39). Compared to pregnant women who were unaware of the risk of gingivitis, those who believed gingivitis to be harmful to both themselves and their fetus had a higher frequency of brushing teeth and oral examination and were more likely to use special oral care products.@*Conclusion@#Most pregnant women did not pay attention to the need for oral examinations and special oral care products. Their oral health behavior was associated with socioeconomic status, depressive symptoms, and awareness of the importance of oral health. Therefore, oral health care before and during pregnancy was required to help them improve their self-care behavior.

Methods of suppressing physiological myocardial uptake in 18F-FDG imaging / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

18F-FDG PET has been widely used in myocardial oncology and inflammatory imaging.Suppression of physiological uptake in heart is required for accurate diagnosis of some thoracic diseases,cardiac inflammatory diseases and coronary atherosclerosis.There is no unified criteria to reduce myocardial 18F-FDG uptake.This review summarizes the research progress of inhibiting physiological myocardial 18F-FDG uptake by controlling diet,mediating blood glucose and applying drugs.

Effects and mechanisms of different frequencies of electroacupuncture for learning and memory ability of Alzheimer's rats / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of different frequencies of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Baihui (GV 20)" and "Shenshu(BL 23)" for the learning and memory ability as well as glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43) in hippocampal tissue of rats with Alzheimer's disease(AD), so as to explore the mechanism of different frequencies of EA for the prevention and treatment of AD.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twelve healthy Wistar male rats were divided into seven groups by random number table, namely a normal group, a sham operation group, a model group, an acupuncture group, a 2 Hz EA group, a 30 Hz EA group, and a 50 Hz EA group, 16 rats in each one. The rats in the normal group were conventionally raised in the laboratory without any treatment. 0.9% NaCl solution was injected into bilateral dentate convolution of hippocampus in rats of the sham operation group. AD model was established by β-amyloid protein1-42 (Aβ1-42) injected into bilateral dentate convolution of hippocampus in the other groups. 15 days after establishment, no treatment was applied in the model and sham operation groups, and EA with corresponding frequencies at "Baihui (GV 20)" and "Shenshu (BL 23)" was used in the three EA groups for 2 sessions, once a day and 7 times as one session. There was 1 day between the two sessions. The same acupoints were adopted in the acupuncture group, without electrical connection. The escape latency, the first spanning platform time, and the number of crossing platform were tested in the Morris water maze immediately after treatment. The expressions of GSK-3β and GAP-43 were examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>①Morris water maze tests showed that the escape latency and the first spanning platform time significantly increased in the model group compared with those in the normal group (both<0.01), and the number of crossing platform decreased (<0.01). Compared with the model group, the escape latency and the first spanning platform times decreased in the acupuncture and three EA groups (all<0.01), and the numbers of crossing platform increased (<0.01). Compared with the acupuncture and 2 Hz, 30 Hz EA groups, the escape latency decreased in the 50 Hz EA group (<0.01,<0.05); the first spanning platform time reduced (all<0.01); the number of crossing platform increased (<0.01,<0.05). ②The expressions of GSK-3β and GAP-43 of the model group increased compared with those of the normal group(both<0.01). The expressions of GSK-3β in the acupuncture and three EA groups decreased compared with that in the model group (all<0.01), and the expressions of GAP-43 increased (all<0.01). The expressions of GSK-3β decreased and GAP-43 increases in the 50 Hz EA group compared with those in the acupuncture group and 2 Hz, 30 Hz groups (all<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>EA may promote synaptic damage rehabilitation by down regulating GSK-3β and up regulating GAP-43 to improve learning and memory ability of AD rats. The effect of 50 Hz EA is better than those of 30 Hz and 2 Hz EA and acupuncture.</p>

Advances in research on anti-fatigue effect of phytochemicals / 军事医学

Fatigue not only affects people′s lives and work, but also causes diseases .Numerous studies have shown that some phytochemicals can promote body energy metabolism and regeneration , improve physical condition , resist fatigue growth and accelerate fatigue alleviation .This paper reviewed the recent research progress , domestic and overseas , in the anti-fatigue effect of phytochemicals .

Analysis on the economic burden of maternal health care of 9 193 women during early pregnancy in China / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To understand the status of economic burden of maternal health care of pregnant women in China, and to discuss the equity and accessibility of maternal health care during pregnancy among different regions and populations. Methods A total of 9 193 women during early pregnancy were recruited from the Chinese Pregnant Women Cohort Study between July 25, 2017 and November 26, 2018. Information on general condition and economic burden of maternal health care was surveyed. SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results The median direct medical cost of maternity check-ups for pregnant women was 400 CNY per visit, and the median cost of lost work was 360 CNY per visit. The analysis of the results showed that the median medical expense was highest in pre-pregnant women with BMI 2 (P=0.008). The median medical expense was higher in urban residents than rural residents (Ptrend=0.003). The higher the socioeconomic status was, the higher the direct medical expense was (Ptrend=0.003). The cost of lost work was lower in pregnant women with higher socioeconomic status (P=0.025, Ptrend=0.017). In addition, the medical expense was highest in women living in the eastern part of China (P<0.001). The direct medical expenses (P=0.002) and lost-time expenses of pregnant women in the North were higher than those in the South (P=0.013). Conclusion The problem of equity and accessibility of maternal health care still existed. It is recommended that relevant departments further improve maternal health care services and build a diversified healthcare service system to ensure maternal and child health and promote eugenics.

Depression symptoms and influencing factors in early pregnant women in China / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To analyze the prevalence of depression in early pregnancy, explore its possible influencing factors, and provide reference for mental health care during pregnancy. Methods A baseline survey of 9 193 early pregnant women recruited by the Chinese Pregnant Women Cohort Study (CPWCS) program was conducted. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to assess the depression symptoms in early pregnancy. The χ2 test and multivariable logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors. Results The rate of depression in early pregnant women in CPWCS was 46.50%. Multivariate analysis showed that unplanned pregnancy (OR=1.23, 95%CI: 1.12~1.35, P<0.001), passive smoking (OR=1.28, 95%CI: 1.18~1.39, P<0.001), drinking (OR=1.35, 95%CI: 1.12~1.63, P=0.002) and consumption of carbonated or sugary beverages （OR=0.80, 95%CI: 0.73~0.88, P<0.001） were risk factors for depression during early pregnancy, while enough sleep (OR=0.71, 95%CI: 0.57~0.88, P=0.002), moderate-high level of physical activity (OR=0.87, 95%CI: 0.78~0.98, P=0.023), healthy intake of vegetables and fruits（OR=0.60, 95%CI: 0.51~0.70, P<0.001), animal foods（OR=0.82, 95%CI: 0.74~0.91, P<0.001） and milk and dairy products（OR=0.81, 95%CI: 0.72~0.90, P<0.001）were protective factors. Conclusion The rate of depression was high and it was affected by many factors. It is necessary to pay more attention to depression symptoms during early pregnancy and carry out targeted psychological health care during pregnancy.

Preliminary clinical observation for platelet-rich fibrin in site preservation / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical effect on site preservation with self platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in posterior dental areas after extraction.
@*METHODS@#Thirty patients who asked to extract posterior teeth and were ready for dental implantation were enrolled. PRF was implanted immediately in alveolar fossa after extraction. Cone beam computer tomography (CBCT) images were taken after 4-6 months and the changes in height and width of alveolar bone were observed.
@*RESULTS@#There was no statistical difference in the height and width between the alveolar bone treated with PRF after the extraction of tooth and the bone condition before the extraction of tooth.
@*CONCLUSION@#The site preservative technology with PRF could maintain the mass of alveolar bone in posterior dental areas, which provide a better bone condition for later dental implantation.