Preliminary investigation on infection of novel bunyavirus among animals and ticks in Shanghai, from 2012 to 2014 / 中国人兽共患病学报

To investigate the distribution of ticks and to detect the new bunyavirus in ticks and infection rate in animals in Shanghai,outdoor free ticks were captured by flag method and ticks on animals were collected by animal capture.SFTSV in ticks were detected by real-time RT-PCR.Total antibodies against SFTSV in host animal sera were tested by double antigen sandwich method.Results showed that during 2012-2014,free ticks were captured in Chenshan Park and Jinshan Island,which were all Haemaphysalis longicornis.Ten of seventeen districts found ticks on animals which were dominantly Rhipicephalus sanguineus.No nucleic acid of SFTSV was detected in 143 ticks.Main host animal for ticks was dog,sheep was in the second.Sera in 198 dogs from 6 urban districts,120 swine from Pudong and Fenxian districts and 36 sheep from Chongming District were all SFTSV antibody negative.Ticks were not found with SFTSV in Shanghai during 2012-2014.No SFTSV infection was found in host animals.Therefore,there is no evidence that Shanghai is the natural foci of SFTSV.Further surveillance and investigations should be carried out in the future.

Epidemiologic and genetic characteristics of hepatitis E virus in Shanghai, 1997-2012 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective The aim of this study was to systemically analyze the epidemiologic,serological and genetic characteristics of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in Shanghai from 1997 to 2012.Methods We analyzed the data related to the epidemics of hepatitis E from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention.We implemented serological surveillance program,based on community healthy population with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method and estimated the standardized sero-prevalence.We also obtained nucleotide sequences of hepatitis E patients using the nested RT-PCT assays,together with propotype sequences in the GenBank to construct a HEV genetic database in Shanghai.Results In this paper,we found that the distribution of hepatitis E patients was sporadic in the past 16 years in Shanghai.The morbidity kept declining,but with seasonal and periodical fluctuation.Morbidity in males was significantly higher than in females,with the hard hit population between 30 and 65 year-olds.In total,3979 sera samples were collected through the serological surveillance programs in 2001,2004,2007 and 2012.The standardized sero-prevalence rates of the said years were 22.32％,18.56％,10.22％ and 34.43％ which all showing strong relationship with age groups and the regions where the populations were being monitored.73 nucleotide sequences of hepatitis E patients from hospitals were identified,during 2004 and 2008.Results from phylogenetic analysis revealed that all HEV isolates belonged to genotype Ⅳ and including 4 known subtypes 4a,4d,4h and 4i which sharing 83.09％-97.96％,85.87％-97.26％ and 83.80％-95.10％ nucleotide sequence identities with the swine HEV genotype Ⅳ of GU188851,DQ450072 and EF570133.Meanwhile,59 HEV isolates from different districts shared 99％ nucleotide sequence identities with each other.Conclusion Hepatitis E would still be a challenge for long time and the zoonotic questions that related to hepatitis E,need to be explored and explained in the future.

Study on patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in Shanghai, 2006-2012 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in Shanghai from 2006 to 2012.Methods Clinical and epidemiological information on CJD patients from Shanghai CJD Surveillance Network was analyzed.Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and blood specimens from patients were collected and used for detecting the 14-3-3 protein,and polymorphism of 129 amino acid and mutation of PRNP genes.Data was processed by EpiData (V3.0) and analyzed by SPSS (V17.0).Results In totally,one definite CJD patient together with 56 probable and 17 possible sporadic CJD patients were identified.One E200K genetic CJD case was diagnosed and another one was clinically diagnosed.No period-or geographic-related events were observed for these cases,but the houses of the two genetic CJD cases were close to each other.The mean age of onset of the probable CJD patients was 62 years old which was significantly older than that of those possible CJD patients.Conclusion Most of the CJD patients identified in Shanghai were sporadic and the number was stable from 2006 to 2012.The mean age of onset of those probable CJD patients was older than that of the possible CJD patients.

Study on risk factors of sporadic hepatitis E virus cases in some districts of Shanghai / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the risk factors of acute sporadic hepatitis E virus (HEV) cases and to analyze its partial sequence in some districts of Shanghai.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>30 blood samples were collected from the acute sporadic HEV cases in 2003-2004 and the RT-nPCR method was applied to obtain the sequence of HEV in these cases. Meanwhile, a 1:2 case-control study was used to identify risk factors in the process of sporadic HEV infection in these regions of Shanghai.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Data from the sequential analysis showed that HEV of the sporadic cases belonged to HEV genotype IV. Finding from the case-control study implicated that the housing condition, outside eating history, especially seafoods (OR = 7.048) played an important role in the infection of HEV. Results from multiple logistic regression showed that eating raw seafoods appeared to be one of the risk factors of HEV infection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HEV sequences isolated from the sporadic cases of HEV in some districts of Shanghai belonged to HEV genotype IV. Foods, especially seafood, were the risk factors in the infection of HEV.</p>