Comparison of Different Kinesio Taping Techniques After Third Molar Surgery.

PURPOSE: Elastic therapeutic taping method has been shown to reduce pain and edema after surgery. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of 2 different Kinesio taping (KT) techniques on swelling, pain, and trismus after third molar surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study was designed as a split-mouth, single-blinded, and controlled randomized clinical trial. Patients undergoing lower impacted third molar extraction at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, were included in the present study. Group I included 30 patients and was used to compare the classic KT technique (technique A) and the new KT technique (technique B). Group II included 15 patients and was used to compare the classic KT technique (technique A) and no KT (No-KT [control]). Group III included 15 patients and was used to compare the new KT technique (technique B) and No-KT (control). Swelling was assessed using the 3dMD Face System (3dMD, Atlanta, GA). The maximum interincisal distance was recorded using a digital caliper preoperatively (T0) and at postoperative days 2 (T1) and 7 (T2). The visual analog scale for pain scores were recorded postoperatively at 30 minutes, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 hours, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days. The effects of operative time, patient age, and patient gender were also evaluated. RESULTS: The data from 60 patients (27 men and 33 women) with a mean age of 22.28 years (range, 18 to 31 years) were analyzed in the present study. The amount of swelling and the interincisal distance were less with technique B than with technique A and no KT (control group). CONCLUSIONS: KT is a useful method for reducing postoperative morbidity after impacted third molar extraction. In particular, the application of KT using the new technique described in the present study could be more effective than the classic methods.

Comparison of the efficacy of low-level laser therapy and photodynamic therapy on oral mucositis in rats.

Cancer treatment with chemotherapy or radiotherapy is associated with some side effects including in the oral cavity. One of the more significant oral complications is oral mucositis (OM) which induces severe pain and limits fundamental life behaviors such as eating, drinking, and talking. Although advancements in cancer treatment improved the survival rate, severe OM and opportunistic infection affect treatment adversely. Therefore, the control of OM is important for oral health quality of life and prognosis. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and photodynamic therapy (PT) are noninvasive methods that reduce inflammation and pain during wound healing. The aim of this study is to evaluate immunohistochemical and histological examination of the OM region of the PT comparing LLLT. In this study, 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups as control, LLLT, and PT groups. All groups received 5-fluorouracil intraperitoneally and a linear trauma to the mouth pouch with a needle. After the formation of OM in the mouth, the control group had no treatment; the LLLT group was administered LLLT, and the PT group had LLLT after indocyanine green application. Then all groups were sacrificed, and histological analyses and protein level detection of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor (TGF-ß), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) were evaluated in all groups. PT was determined to be more statistically significantly than LLLT with bFGF and PDGF-BB. However, regarding TGF-ß, no statistically significant difference was observed between the groups. Within the limitations of this study, indocyanine green may accelerate the LLLT effect. However, further studies on this subject are required.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Employment and Educational Outcomes of Individuals in a First-Episode Psychosis Clinic.

OBJECTIVE: A central objective of early psychosis therapy is to restore social functioning (e.g., through employment and education). Employment and educational outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic were examined in a well-defined cohort of patients receiving care in an early psychosis clinic. METHODS: Data were extracted from the electronic health records of 128 patients receiving care at McLean Hospital's first-episode psychosis (FEP) clinic between January 1 and September 21 in 2019 and 2020. Using a generalized linear model with a Gaussian distribution and robust standard errors, the authors compared the average changes in the weekly employment and education proportions before and after COVID-19 lockdowns with the same changes in 2019. RESULTS: Employment losses among patients with FEP were greater than among the general population and persisted through the end of follow-up. In 2020, average employment after a stay-at-home order was instituted was 33% lower than before the order compared with the change in employment during the same period in 2019. The effect was stronger among men and those who identified as non-White, were age <21 years, or did not have a college education. Although educational engagement recovered in the fall of 2020, it still remained below the 2019 levels. CONCLUSIONS: Employment disruptions were major and persistent among the FEP population, which might affect short- and long-term outcomes. Innovative approaches are needed to help patients transition to remote employment, file unemployment claims, and use online hiring platforms to ameliorate the indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Diagnostic value of ultrasonography in temporomandibular disorders.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of ultrasonographic imaging (USI) in temporomandibular disorders. PATIENTS AND METHODS: USI and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed in 182 temporomandibular joints (TMJs) of 91 patients who were referred for treatment. After a detailed clinical examination, patients who were clinically diagnosed with TMJ disc derangement were referred to the radiology department for MRI and USI examinations. USI and MRI diagnoses of disc displacement were compared, using clinical diagnosis as the golden standard. The overall agreement between USI and MRI results was evaluated. RESULTS: Compared with the clinical diagnosis, MRI showed a sensitivity of 85%, specificity of 62%, and an accuracy of 80% in the detection of internal derangements. The positive predictable value, negative predictive value, and likelihood ratio were 88%, 54%, and 2.29, respectively. Compared with the clinical diagnosis, USI showed a sensitivity of 69%, specificity of 80%, and accuracy of 71% in the detection of internal derangements. The positive predictable value, negative predictive value, and likelihood ratio were 92%, 42%, and 3.45, respectively. Comparing the agreements between the MRI and USI diagnoses of internal derangement, the κ value was found to be 0.36, indicating poor reliability (P < .001). CONCLUSION: USI, a noninvasive and dynamic imaging method, is a reliable method in evaluating the position of the disc in TMJ disc derangements. Better visualization of joint structures and more reliable results with higher sensitivity and accuracy can be achieved with high-resolution devices (≥12 MHz).

Effect of antioxidant treatment on the shear bond strength of composite resin to bleached enamel.

INTRODUCTION: This study examined the antioxidant treatment on the shear bond strength of composite resin to enamel after bleaching with two different bleaching systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy flat enamel surfaces were prepared from freshly extracted human molars using a low speed diamond saw. Then the specimens were divided into seven random groups (n = 10) to apply different procedures; namely, bleaching with White Smile and bonding with composite resin (G1), bleaching with White Smile, treatment with ascorbic acid and bonding with composite resin (G2), bleaching with White Smile, immersing in artificial saliva for 2 weeks and bonding with composite resin (G3), bleaching with Opalesence and bonding with composite resin (G4), bleaching with Opalesence, treatment with ascorbic acid and bonding with composite resin (G5) and bleaching with Opalesence, immersing in artificial saliva for 2 weeks and bonding with composite resin (G6). Another group was used as a control group. Shear bond test was performed on all specimens and data were analyzed using one way ANOVA and Bonferroni's test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Bond strengths of bleached specimens were significantly lower than those of non-bleached specimens. No statistical difference was found in bond strength between the bleached and non-bleached groups when the antioxidant treatment was carried out. CONCLUSION: Ten per cent ascorbic acid treatment was found to be an effective method to reverse the compromised bond strength.

Effects of polyglecaprone 25, silk and catgut suture materials on oral mucosa wound healing in diabetic rats: an evaluation of nitric oxide dynamics.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of monocryl (Polyglecaprone 25), silk and catgut suture materials on wound healing in diabetic rats and to evaluate NO (nitric oxide) dynamics. STUDY DESIGN: Fourty-eight male Wistar-Albino rats weighing 220-270 g were used in this study. The rats were categorized into 2 groups, as control group (n=24) and streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic group (n=24). For each group, incision wounds were created on the inner cheek mucosa of the animals and wounds were closed primarily with three different types of sutures. These materials were sized 3-0 monocryl (polyglecaprone 25), silk and catgut sutures swaged on. Excisional biopsies were performed at 2nd, 7th, 14th and 21st day (2 rats per day) from the initial surgical procedure. Effects of these suture materials on wound healing and NOS (nitric oxide synthase) activities were compared immunohistochemically in the study. eNOS and iNOS (Endothelial and induced nitric oxide synthase) activities were classified as mild (+), moderate (++) and severe (+++). RESULTS: Mild eNOS activities were seen in both diabetic and control groups at 2nd day specimens. Activities of silk and catgut were similar both in diabetic and control groups at 14th day, this activity in monocryl was mild. 21st day specimens revealed that monocryl has mild eNOS activity than silk and catgut sutures. iNOS activities in diabetic group were greater than control groups and the degrees of the activity in monocryl, silk and catgut sutures were mild, severe and moderate at the 7th day. At the 14th day there was no iNOS activity in diabetic monocryl group. CONCLUSION: All of the materials have the potential capacity to be well tolerated however monocryl seemed to have more beneficial effects on wound healing in diabetic subjects.

Implant supported prosthesis in a patient with progeria: case report.

Prosthodontic rehabilitation can be accomplished with fixed, overdenture, complete, or implant-retained prostheses. Dental treatment overcomes the patient's functional, psychological, esthetic and phonation problems. Remaining healthy teeth may allow the dentist to fabricate a removable partial overdenture, fixed partial prosthesis or implant - supported prosthesis. The retention of a number of abutments helps maintain a positive ridge form with greater height and volume of the alveolar bone, improving masticatory performance, as well as providing a more stable prostheses. Dental patients who have medical problems need many treatment procedures. Multidisciplinary treatment planning is invaluable for patient's dental health. Progeria is a rare genetic condition where symptoms resembling aspects of aging are manifested at an early age. characteristic clinical findings of Progeria disease include abnormalities of the skin and hair in conjunction with characteristic facial features and skeletal abnormalities. The characteristic facies show protruding ears, beaked nose, thin lips with centrofacial cyanosis, prominent eyes, frontal and parietal bossing with pseudohydrocephaly, midface hypoplasia with micrognathia and large anterior fontanel. The other reported anomalies are dystrophic nails, hypertrophic scars and hypoplastic nipples. The findings that are nearly interested in dentistry are delayed dentition, anodontia, hypodontia, or crowding of teeth. This article presents the multidisciplinary dental treatment planning includes surgical, endodontic and prosthetic treatment of a patient with a history of progeria. In this case complete-arch fixed prostheses in both maxilla and mandible, supported by a combination of implants and teeth are reported.

Pulpal blood flow changes in abutment teeth of removable partial dentures.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of tooth supported (TSD) and tooth-tissue supported (TTSD) removable partial denture wearing on pulpal blood flow (PBF) of the abutment teeth by using Laser Doppler Flowmeter (LDF). Measurements were carried out on 60 teeth of 28 patients (28 teeth and 12 patients of TTSD group, 32 teeth and 16 patients of TSD group) who had not worn any type of removable partial dentures before, had no systemic problems and were non smokers. PBF values were recorded by LDF before insertion (day 0) and after insertion of dentures at day 1, day 7 and day 30. Statistical analysis was performed by student t test and covariance analyses of repeated measurements. In the group TTSD, the mean values of PBF decreased statistically significantly at day 1 after insertion when compared with PBF values before insertion (p<0,01). There was no statistically significant difference among PBF mean values on 1st, 7th and 30th day. However, in the group TSD, there was no statistically significant difference among PBF mean values before insertion and on 1st, 7th and 30th day. In other words, PBF mean values in group TSD continued without changing statistically significant on 1st, 7th and 30th day.TTSD wearing may show negative effect on the abutment teeth due to decreasing basal PBF.

Biochemical evaluation of the therapeutic effectiveness of honey in oral mucosal ulcers.

The aim of this study was to describe and quantify the therapeutic value of honey in oral mucosal ulcers healing in comparison with Glyceroloxytriester (TGO). We also aimed to biochemically evaluate the healing effects of honey which had been collected from the Blacksea region flora on mucosal ulcers resulting in material loss.Thirty wistar rats (240+/-30 g) were enrolled in this study. Excisional wounds were performed in all rats for animal oral mucosal ulcer model. They were randomly allocated to three groups: group 1 was treated with Apitherapeutic agent or honey (0,1 ml, 2x1), group 2 was treated with TGO (0,1ml, 2x1) locally, Group 3 served as the control group.Following the surgical procedure on day 7, biopsy specimens were taken from right buccal mucosa and on day 14 biopsy specimens were taken from left bucal mucosa in all rats. Afterwards, hydroxy pyroline levels were measured. Data were analyzed statistically.There was no statistically significant difference between Group 1 and 2, and also between Group 2 and 3, but there was statistically significant difference between Group 1 and 3 on day 7. There was no statistically significant difference between Group 1, 2 and 3 on day 14.

An epoxysilane modified indium tin oxide electrode for the determination of PAK 2: Application in human serum samples.

In this study, a sensitive immunosensor was developed for the first time for p21-activated kinase 2 (PAK 2) detection. In the design of the immunosensor, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) was utilized as an ITO electrode modification material for anti-PAK 2 antibody immobilization. This molecule had epoxy group, which was reactive to amino groups of antibodies. Anti-PAK 2 antibodies were also used as biomolecules for sensitive interaction for PAK 2 antigen. In the presence of PAK 2 antigens, high impedance signal was observed when the process followed by using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy technique (EIS). Apart from EIS technique, Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV) and Single Frequency Impedance (SFI) techniques were utilized. Microscopic surface characterizations of immunosensor fabrication steps were performed by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The immunosensor exhibited good sensitivity and selectivity for PAK 2 antigen detection. A linear calibration curve between EIS response and PAK 2 concentration was obtained in the range of 0.005-0.075 pg/mL with the detection limit of 1.5 fg/mL. It had good repeatability, excellent reproducibility and high stability. Additionally, this immunosensor can be reused by simple application protocol. Furthermore, it had good recovery for PAK 2 antigen detection in human serum samples. The good recovery illustrated that the developed immunosensor was a promising tool for PAK 2 detection in practical applications.

Relationship between asymmetric dimethylarginine and endothelial dysfunction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), endothelial dysfunction caused by the inflammatory process increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) leads to vascular dysfunction, whereas atherosclerosis and increased ADMA is associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors. Flow-mediated Dilation (FMD) is a radiological method to demonstrate endothelial dysfunction. In the present study, we assessed the availability of ADMA as a marker for endothelial dysfunction in RA patients. ADMA can be used as a simple and cheaper method for the determination of endothelial dysfunction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty patients (1 male, 39 female) diagnosed with RA according to the classification criteria and 29 healthy volunteers (2 males, 27 females) were included in this study. ADMA was studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman's correlation tests were used for analytical analysis, and p<0.05 was considered as the level of statistical significance. RESULTS: In our study, ADMA levels were significantly higher in RA patients. The ADMA level was inversely correlated with FMD. Although high levels of both C-reactive protein and ADMA were detected in patients with high disease activity, there was no statistically significant difference between these parameters (p=0.18). There were statistically significant negative correlations between FMD and age and disease duration (p=0.01, p=0.01). However, there were no statistically significant correlations with erythrocyte sedimentation rate, rheumatoid factor, and disease activity score (p=0.68). In RA patients, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between disease duration and ADMA, whereas a negative correlation was found between FMD and ADMA (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results support the hypothesis that ADMA may be used in the assessment of endothelial dysfunction in patients with RA. It will be cost-effective when commonly used. ADMA may be used in the assessment of endothelial dysfunction in patients with RA.

Incidence of mandibular fractures in black sea region of Turkey.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to review the incidence of mandibular fractures in the Black Sea Region of Turkey and to present our treatment protocol. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data were collected regarding age, sex, etiology, time distribution, site of the fracture and the associated injuries and evaluated. These patients were treated at Ondokuz Mayis University Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery between 2003 and 2010. Data were collected from patient files in the archive and were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 software. RESULTS: A total of 82 patients with 133 mandibular fractures were included in this study. After the follow up period of the patients, the results were achieved from 58 (70.7%) males and 24 (29.3%) females, whose ages ranged from 5 to 72 years and the mean age was 29. Fractures were most seen in 2008 and the busiest month was August. Falls (40.2%) were the major causes of mandibular fractures followed by traffic accidents and violence. The mandibular anatomical sites of higher fracture incidence were: condyle (34.6%), body and symphysis. The number of the fractures and injuries which were seen in other places such as zygomatic arch, alveolar process, tongue, upper and lower lips, orbita, arms was 14. 53 (64.6%) patients were treated by closed reduction, whereas 13 (15.8%) patients were treated by open reduction. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that our results were widely similar with the studies in developing countries. Socio-economic factors, cultures, geographic conditions and education could affect the etiology of the mandibular fractures and cause different results between the studies conducted in different countries. Key words:Mandibular fractures, etiology, trauma, treatment, complication.

The effect of unilateral partial edentulism to muscle thickness.

OBJECTIVE: Teeth and muscles play a very important role for occlusal equilibrium and function. When tooth loss begins, it may also affect the function of the muscle tissues. METHODS: The thickness of the masseter and anterior temporalis muscles were measured bilaterally in 30 healthy fully dentate adults and in 30 unilateral edentulous patients by using ultrasonographic imaging. All scans were carried out by the same radiologist to eliminate the inter-observer difference, using a real time scanner (Toshiba SSA- 270 A Japan). A 7.5 MHz linear transducer was used. The transducer was held against the cheek with light pressure. The effect of age, sex, duration of the partial edentulism, unilateral chewing habits of the individuals to the muscle thickness were also evaluated. In all subjects, facial proportion index was also determined. RESULTS: No study has been found in the literature concerning the masticatory muscle thickness in unilateral partial edentulous patients. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to compare and establish the differences of the muscle thicknesses between dentate and edentulous sides in unilateral partial edentulous patients with ultrasonography and to test whether the variation in the thickness of the muscle is related to the variation in the facial morphology using the facial proportional indices in the study groups. In the present study, ultrasonography revealed a large variation in the thicknesses of the masseter and temporalis muscles in experimental and control groups, during both relaxed and contracted conditions. The thicknesses of the muscles in females during both relaxed and contracted conditions were less than those in males in both control and experimental groups. In experimental group, a high negative correlation was found between the thickness of the masseter muscle and Facial proportion Index (FPI) in females, however, the statistical analysis showed no significant difference in males. Also, a high negative correlation was found in control group, especially in females. There was no statistically significant relationship between thicknesses of the muscles and age of the subjects in both groups. There was no statistically significant relationship between unilateral chewing habits and muscle thickness. In this study, the duration of partial edentulism did not affect the thickness of the muscles. CONCLUSION: Further research is required to study muscular atrophy for comparison with total edentulism.

Ultrasound assessment of increased capsular width in temporomandibular joint internal derangements: relationship with joint pain and magnetic resonance grading of joint effusion.

OBJECTIVE: The relationship between radiologic evidence of effusion in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the occurrence of clinical symptoms (e.g., pain) is still unclear. Increased capsular width (CW) measured in ultrasonographic imaging (USI) of the TMJ was considered to be an indirect marker of TMJ effusion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the grades of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-depicted joint effusion (JE), increased CW measured in USI, and joint pain in TMJ internal derangement (ID) patients. STUDY DESIGN: During a 4-year period, 91 patients clinically diagnosed with TMJ ID according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders classification were included in the study. Those with mainly myogenic complaints were excluded. In clinical examination, the severity of pain was assessed by visual analog scale (VAS, 0 to 10). All TMJs (n = 182) were evaluated to detect the presence of joint effusion by means of USI and MRI. MRI-depicted effusion was classified as no effusion, moderate effusion, and severe effusion. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to depict the critical cutoff value for TMJ CW. USI sensitivity was evaluated by means of MRI effusion, and a cutoff value was depicted that was considered to be the threshold to discriminate the TMJs with and without effusion. The relationship between the joint pain and USI and MRI findings of effusion were evaluated with Friedman and Wilcoxon tests. RESULTS: The average VAS scores of the TMJs without effusion was found to be 2.55, with moderate effusion 2.92, and with severe effusion 4.80. A significant positive correlation was found between the VAS scores and the intensity of MRI JE (P = .003). The most accurate cutoff value of CW is found to be 1.65 mm. The average VAS score with CW <1.65 was found to be 2.10 and the average VAS score with CW >1.65 was found to be 3.75. A significant positive correlation was found between the clinical pain scores and CW measured in USI (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: Both MRI-depicted effusion and USI assessment of CW were found to be related to the pain in TMJ ID patients.

Extrafollicular adenomatoid odontogenic tumor of the mandible: report of a case.

The purpose of this study was to report an extrafollicular adenomatoid odontogenic tumor in the mandibular anterior region in a patient. A 15 year-old female with a painless swelling in the mandibular anterior region was referred to our clinic. Fine needle aspiration yielded no fluid. Periapical, panoramic and computer tomography scans showed circumscribed radiolucent area with fine calcifications. The lesion was totally enucleated and the teeth 31, 32 were removed. The rarity of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor may be associated with its slowly growing pattern and symptomless behavior. Therefore, it should be distinguished from more common lesions of odontogenic origin in routine dental examinations.

Study of mandibular alveolar distraction osteogenesis using a three-dimensional computed tomography measurement method: report of four patients, a preliminary study.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to show dimensional and volumetric changes after vertical alveolar distraction osteogenesis using a three-dimensional computed tomography measurement method. MATERIALS: Four patients with mandibular alveolar ridge atrophy were evaluated. Three-dimensional computed tomography reconstructions were obtained 2 weeks before and 3 months after the operation. The results of the three-dimensional computed tomography measurements were used for preoperative planning and for quantitative assessment of the mandibular alveolar distraction. The results of the preoperative and postoperative three-dimensional computed tomography measurements were compared statistically using paired t-test. RESULTS: The increase in distracted mandibular segment volume and surface area, height, and width of each slice after distraction were statistically significant (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In atrophic jaw cases, the dimensions of the present alveolar bone were clearly measured so that the amount of augmentation needed could be estimated. Three-dimensional computed tomography provided better understanding of the effects of distraction osteogenesis on the anterior mandible. Newly formed bone can be viewed as close to its real dimensions after distraction osteogenesis.

Biochemical and histopathological findings of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate in oral surgery: an experimental study.

OBJECTIVES: The increasing use of cyanoacrylates in dentistry, particularly as an adhesive and sealing glue, has raised concerns regarding its potential toxicity in humans. Several different forms of these compounds including methyl- (MCA), ethyl- (ECA), isobutyl-, isohexyl-, and octyl CA have been developed to eliminate tissue toxicity. N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate is becoming an increasingly popular method for wound closure under low tension. Despite their increasing use, pharmacologic effects of these substances on liver and kidney functions are not widely known. The objective of the present study was to investigate possible immediate and long-term systemic effects of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate in oral surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Ten male Wistar rats weighing 220 to 270 g were used in the study. Straight incisions were made to the buccal mucosa of the animals. N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate adhesive (Indermil) was applied and wounds were closed primarily. Blood specimens were taken periodically from the vena cava of the animals before the surgical procedure and 2, 14, 21, and 65 days after the surgical procedure. The blood specimens of those taken before the application of the adhesive were defined as the control group; blood specimens that were taken 2, 14, 21, and 65 days from the application were defined as study group. The stored plasma samples were analyzed for blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBI), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), and amylase (AML). In addition to biochemical parameters, histopathological examination was performed. Blood parameter values of the control and study groups were statistically compared with the Duncan test (P < .05). RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the values of BUN, CRE, ALT, AST, TBI, TP, ALB, and AML between the control and at 2, 14, 21, and 65 days. CONCLUSION: The present study shows that N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate is a suitable adhesive applicable in oral surgery.

Botulinum toxin for the treatment of temporomandibular joint disk disfigurement: clinical experience.

Type A botulinum toxin was used for the treatment of symptoms of 26 patients (40 joints) with temporomandibular joint disk disfigurement. In all patients, 0.5 ml (12.5 U) was injected into the lateral pterygoid muscle. The temporalis, medial pterygoid, and masseter muscles were injected if severe tenderness was noted. The data were compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test and the McNemar test. With the exception of clicking of the right joint, all mean outcome measures showed a significant difference between the preinjection and postinjection assessments. There was a significant difference between the preinjection and postinjection pain scores of the right joint (P=0.0019) and the left joint (P=0.000). Postinjection values of the mouth opening (P=0.002), subjective functional dysfunction (P=0.065), and clicking of the left joint (P=0.001) also showed a statistically significant difference from the preinjection values. In addition, the severity and frequency of headache were reduced after botulinum toxin-A injection into the lateral pterygoid muscle.

Effects of polyglecaprone 25, silk and catgut suture materials on oral mucosawound healing in diabetic rats: An evaluation of nitric oxide dynamics

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of monocryl (Polyglecaprone 25), silk and catgutsuture materials on wound healing in diabetic rats and to evaluate NO (nitric oxide) dynamics.Study desing: Fourty-eight male Wistar-Albino rats weighting 220-270 g were used in this study. The rats werecategorized into 2 groups, as control group (n=24) and streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic group (n=24). Foreach group, incision wounds were created on the inner cheeck mucosa of the animals and wounds were closedprimarily with three different types of sutures. These materials were sized 3-0 monocryl (polyglecaprone 25), silkand catgut sutures swaged on. Excisional biopsies were performed at 2nd, 7th, 14th and 21st day (2 rats per day)from the initial surgical procedure. Effects of these suture materials on wound healing and NOS (nitric oxide synthase)activities were compared immunohistochemically in the study. eNOS and iNOS (Endothelial and inducednitric oxide synthase) activities were classified as mild (+), moderate (++) and severe (+++).Results: Mild eNOS activities were seen in both diabetic and control groups at 2nd day specimens. Activities ofsilk and catgut were similar both in diabetic and control groups at 14th day, this activity in monocryl was mild.21st day specimens revealed that monocryl has mild eNOS activity than silk and catgut sutures. iNOS activitiesin diabetic group were greater than control groups and the degrees of the activity in monocryl, silk and catgutsutures were mild, severe and moderate at the 7th day. At the 14th day there was no iNOS activity in diabeticmonocryl group.Conclusion: All of the materials have the potential capacity to be well tolerated however monocryl seemed to havemore benefical effects on wound healing in diabetic subjects (AU)

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