Skin and lung fibrosis induced by bleomycin in mice: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: Scleroderma, or systemic sclerosis (SSc), is a chronic autoimmune connective disease with an unknown etiology and poorly understood pathogenesis. The striking array of autoimmune, vascular, and fibrotic changes that develop in almost all patients makes SSc unique among connective tissue diseases. Although no animal model developed for SSc to date fully represents all features of human disease, some animal models that demonstrate features of SSc may help to better understand the pathogenesis of the disease and to develop new therapeutic options. In this review, we aimed to evaluate skin fibrosis and lung involvement in a bleomycin (BLM)-induced mouse model and to evaluate the differences between studies. METHODS: A systematic literature review (PRISMA guideline) on PubMed and EMBASE (until May 2023, without limits) was performed. A primary literature search was conducted using the PubMed and EMBASE databases for all articles published from 1990 to May 2023. Review articles, human studies, and non-dermatological studies were excluded. Of the 38 non-duplicated studies, 20 articles were included. RESULTS: Among inducible animal models, the BLM-induced SSc is still the most widely used. In recent years, the measurement of tissue thickness between the epidermal-dermal junction and the dermal-adipose tissue junction (dermal layer) has become more widely accepted. CONCLUSIONS: In animal studies, it is important to simultaneously evaluate lung tissues in addition to skin fibrosis induced in mice by subcutaneous BLM application, following the 3R (replacement, reduction, and refinement) principle to avoid cruelty to animals.

Is serum BDNF level reliable parameter in detecting of dental anxiety before impacted third molar surgery?

BACKGROUND: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a factor that implicate in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression and anxiety. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between dental anxiety and BDNF serum level through impacted third molar surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind, cross-sectional study, the sample included patients who had been admitted for the impacted third molar extraction under local anesthesia between January to November 2020. The primary predictor variable was serum BDNF level and the second predictor variable was dental anxiety scores before and after operation in patients. The primary outcome variable was the correlation between anxiety scores (APAIS, MDAS, STAI, VAS) and serum BDNF level. The sample included 55 patients (22 Male, 33 Female) aged 18 to 42 (24,2+5,55). RESULTS: Comparison of pre-operative scores (APAIS, MDAS, STAI, VAS and BDNF) and post-operative scores were statistically significant (P < .05). Post-operatively, MDAS and VAS scores decreased, while BDNF levels and STAI scores increased compared to the preoperative scores. BDNF was not correlated with APAIS, MDAS, STAI, and VAS preoperatively and postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: There may be a relationship between serum BDNF level and dental anxiety scale, but, no correlation was found between them.

Fucoidan Inhibits Prostate Cancer Growth Through Modulation of Different Cell Deaths.

BACKGROUND: Docetaxel (DOC) is the main chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of advanced metastatic prostate cancer. Docetaxel shows anticancer effects by preventing the depolymerization of microtubules in the cell, therefore preventing cell division. However, the low survival effect of docetaxel has prompted researchers to search for novel therapeutic agents. Fucoidan (FUC) is a sulfated polysaccharide derived from brown algae. It has many bioactivities which makes fucoidan a promising anticancer agent. In this study, the potential anti-tumorigenic and preventive effects of fucoidan with or without docetaxel in prostate cancer were investigated by analyzing different cell death modalities. METHODS: The in-vivo six groups (n = 8) were conducted; preventive (Pt), docetaxel treated after preventive (Pt-D), control, fucoidan (FUC), docetaxel (DOC), and FUC and DOC (FUC+DOC) combination. Apoptotic, necroptotic, and autophagic cell death-related protein expressions were assessed in tumor tissues by using immunohistochemical staining. Oxidative stress-related lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione levels were also determined in tumor tissues. RESULTS: Although apoptotic, necroptotic, and autophagic cell deaths were significantly induced in agent-treated groups compared to the control. Apoptotic cell death was more significantly induced in FUC and FUC+DOC-treated groups. Necroptotic cell death was increased considerably by inducing MLKL protein expression in all treatment groups. In the FUC, Pt, and DOC groups, LC3A/B expressions were significantly increased. DOC, FUC+DOC, and Pt-D treatments caused a significant increase in Beclin-1 expression. Oxidative stress-related MDA, GPX, and GSH levels significantly decreased with FUC treatment. The anti-tumorigenic effects of FUC and DOC were also demonstrated through tumor size reduction. CONCLUSION: According to the findings of this study, FUC inhibited tumor growth temporally and dimensionally, especially in preventive applications. FUC and FUC+DOC combinations in both treatment groups showed anti-tumorigenic effects. The results of this study suggest that fucoidan is a promising anticancer agent against prostate cancer. FUC can be considered as a preventive or treatment agent in prostate cancer therapy with DOC. Further studies are needed to fully elucidate the mechanism of action of fucoidan in metastatic prostate cancer.

Clinical characteristics, quality of life and risk factors for severity in palmoplantar pustulosis: a cross-sectional, multicentre study of 263 patients.

BACKGROUND: Palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) is a rare, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by sterile pustules on palmar or plantar areas. Data on PPP are scarce. AIM: To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors for disease severity in a large cohort of Turkish patients with PPP. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional, multicentre study of patients with PPP recruited from 21 tertiary centres across Turkey. RESULTS: In total, 263 patients (165 women, 98 men) were evaluated. Most patients (75.6%) were former or current smokers. The mean Palmoplantar Pustulosis Area and Severity Index (PPPASI) was 8.70 ± 8.06 and the mean Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) score was 6.87 ± 6.08, and these scores were significantly correlated (r = 0.52, P < 0.001). Regression analysis showed that current smoking was significantly associated with increased PPPASI (P = 0.03). Coexisting psoriasis vulgaris (PsV) was reported by 70 (26.6%) patients. Male sex prevalence, PPP onset incidence, disease duration, DLQI, and prevalence of nail involvement and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) were significantly increased among patients with PPP with PsV. Of the 263 patients, 18 (6.8%) had paradoxical PPP induced by biologic therapy, and these patients had significantly increased mean DLQI and prevalence of PsA (r = 0.03, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that smoking is a risk factor for both PPP development and disease severity. Patients with PPP with PsV present distinct clinical features and patients with biologic therapy-induced paradoxical PPP have reduced quality of life and are more likely to have PsA.

Sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, treatment and prognostic characteristics of 156 generalized pustular psoriasis patients in Turkey: a multicentre case series.

BACKGROUND: Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare and severe inflammatory disease characterized by widespread and superficial sterile pustules on an erythematous background. OBJECTIVES: This multicentre study aimed to determine the clinical profile and course in a large cohort of patients with GPP. METHODS: One hundred and fifty-six GPP patients (mean age, 44.2 ± 18.7 years) who met the diagnostic criteria of the European Consensus Report of GPP were included in the study. Sociodemographic characteristics, quality of life, triggering factors of the disease, clinical, laboratory, treatment and prognostic features were evaluated. RESULTS: 61.5% of the patients were female. The rate of working at or below the minimum wage (≤$332.5/month) was 44.9%. Drugs (36.5%) were the most common trigger. While hypocalcaemia (35.7%) was the most important cause of GPP during pregnancy, systemic steroid withdrawal (20%) was the most frequently reported trigger for infantile/juvenile and mixed-type GPP (15%) (P < 0.05). Acute GPP (53.8%) was the most common clinic. Nails were affected in 43.6% of patients, and subungual yellow spots (28.2%) were the most common change. In annular GPP, fever (P < 0.001) and relapse frequency (P = 0.006) were lower than other subtypes, and the number of hospitalizations (P = 0.002) was lower than acute GPP. GPP appeared at a later age in those with a history of psoriasis (P = 0.045). DLQI score (P = 0.049) and joint involvement (P = 0.016) were also higher in this group. Infantile/juvenile GPP was observed in 16.02% of all patients, and arthritis was lower in this group (24.4 vs. 16%). GPP of pregnancy had the worst prognosis due to abortion observed in three patients. CONCLUSIONS: Recent advances in treatment have improved mortality associated with GPP, but abortion remains a significant complication. Although TNF-α inhibitors have proven efficacy in GPP, they can also trigger the disease. Mixed-type GPP is more similar to acute GPP than annular GPP with systemic manifestations and course.

Carcase characteristics, meat quality, nutrient composition, serum biochemistry and oxidant/antioxidant status in white striping-affected broiler chickens fed diets based on maize-soybean meal.

1. Effects of the incidence of white striping (WS) in relation to carcase weights and yields, breast meat quality and composition, serum biochemistry and oxidant/antioxidant status of breast meat in broiler chickens were investigated.2. The study consisted of 180, one-d-old male broiler chickens fed maize-soybean meal-based starter, grower, finisher and withdrawal diets identical to commercial chicken diets. On d 49, all the birds were slaughtered and breast fillets were visually scored for the incidence of WS. Breast meat and blood samples were collected and categorised based on the presence or absence of WS.3. The study revealed greater slaughter weight, carcase and breast fillet weights and yields, lower pHu and higher cooking loss of breast meat with WS lesions (P < 0.05). WS-affected breast fillets had greater fat and lower crude protein contents in comparison with normal meat (P < 0.001). Serum creatine kinase levels were greater in broilers with WS (P = 0.011), whereas oxidant/antioxidant status of breast meat remained unaffected.4. Taken together, the presence of WS on breast muscle altered the quality and nutrient composition of breast fillets and serum creatine kinase levels in broiler chickens fed diets based on maize-soybean meal. Nevertheless, WS was more common in heavier broilers having higher breast weight and yield.

Is Masked Hypertension an underlying Cause of Unexplained Left Ventricle Hypertrophy?

OBJECTIVES: Unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy (ULVH) is defined as increased wall thickness in the absence of conditions that predispose to hypertrophy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of masked hypertension in patient with unexplained left ventricle hypertrophy. METHOD: A total of 120 consecutive unexplained left ventricle hypertrophy patients without overt hypertension and diabetes and 121 healthy control subjects were included in the study. After a complete medical history and laboratory examination, patients' height, weight, waist circumference heart rate, and office blood pressure were recorded. All subjects underwent ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, and transthoracic echocardiography. RESULTS: Mean age were similar between patients with ULVH and controls. There was no significant difference in total cholesterol, HDL, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels, left ventricle ejection fraction, between the groups. Prevalence of Masked hypertension was significantly higher in patients with ULVH than controls (28.3% vs 6.6%, p < .001). Left ventricular mass index (141.9 ± 16.8 g/cm2 vs. 67.3 ± 10.3 g/cm2, p < .001) was significantly higher in masked hypertensive patients with ULVH compared to normotensive ULVH and control subjects. CONCLUSION: In this study, we found high prevalence of masked hypertension in ULVH patients. Patients with ULVH should be screened by ABPM to detect possible masked hypertension.

Genetic characterization of four Algerian cattle breeds using microsatellite markers.

Cattle plays a very important role in agriculture and food security in Algeria. In the present study, the genetic diversity and structure of Algerian indigenous cattle populations were evaluated by microsatellite markers. A total of 138 individuals belonging to four cattle breed populations were characterized using 22 microsatellite markers. A total of 360 alleles was detected across studied all loci. Results obtained for the mean number of alleles (16.36), expected heterozygosity (0.84) and polymorphic information content (0.82) indicated that the total analyzed populations are characterized by noticeable genetic variability. It can be said that there is a low genetic differentiation in the cattle populations studied considering obtained mean FST value (0.039). It was revealed 97.10% of the total genetic variation can be explained by genetic differences among individuals while 2.90% among populations. The structure, factorial correspondence analysis results and dendrogram showed that cattle populations studied are clustered in three groups. The present study has revealed an important knowledge about the genetic diversity and the relationship between some native cattle breeds raised in Algeria. The results showed that the breeds studied have a high genetic diversity. Moreover, it can be said that microsatellite markers used can be successfully used to determine genetic diversity and population structure in Algerian cattle breeds.

Educational Intervention for the Awareness Improvement and Control Programme Design on Echinococcosis in Izmir, Turkey.

In Turkey, cyst hydatid disease (CHD) or cystic echinococcosis (CE) is publicly known as "dog cyst", a fatal and serious disease not only affects livestock husbandry and human health but also brings about economic loss to our country. According to the data of the Ministry of Health; number of annual cases was 408 in 2008, and this number reached 1,867 by the end of 2019. Cystic echinococcosis is especially taken up during childhood and emerged at an older age. They become exposed to the eggs of the tapeworm after close contact with an infected dog or its contaminated environment. The infected dogs also pass in their feces E. granulosus eggs that adhere to the dogs' hairs, and pass on to the children who are in the course of playful and intimate contact with the infected dogs. This study was to create the awareness of risk factors of CE among 10 different districts of Izmir province. Awareness raising seminars are essential component of this study because local people living in CE endemic areas, are crucial to continue and sustain the long-time effort that is needed to tackle this disease. In each district, 3 awareness raising seminars were held to the target groups: (a) in schools for students, teachers, administrators, (b) for general public, (c) for healthcare professionals. 4090 students attended to the trainings, 242 administrators and teachers who attended to the presentations together with the students, 524 people were attended to the trainings and 327 health workers attended to the trainings from different institutions. This study helped improving this situation by organising educational events for the rural populations for preventing transmission of the disease. This is the first educational intervention study regarding creating awareness on CE in Izmir Province which includes 10 districts between January 2019 to January 2020.

Pediatric lung function testing during a pandemic: An international perspective.

The COVID pandemic has passed its first peak for now in many countries while some are still on the rise, with some facing a second wave of cases. Precautions and infection control measures for both pediatric and adult pulmonary function testing (PFT) have been a topic of debate during the pandemic. Many centers had to close their PFT laboratories during the initial periods of the pandemic and are reopening as the numbers of new cases are decreasing. This review aims to summarize different practices of PFT laboratory management in different countries, including patient appointments, personal protective equipment, testing room requirements and telemedicine during and immediately following the COVID pandemic.

Morphometric characterization and estimating body weight of two Algerian camel breeds using morphometric measurements.

This study was carried out in order to identify the body measurements of two different Dromedary camel breeds raised in Algeria. The animal material of the study consisted of a total of 115 animals belong to Steppe (n = 55) and Sahraoui (n = 60) camel breeds. Eye and coat colors along with body measurements such as head length, neck length, neck girth, tail length, distance between eyes, distance between ears, body length, withers height, chest girth, and live weight were determined. Least squares means for head length, neck length, neck girth, tail length, distance between eyes, distance between ears, body length, withers height, chest girth, and live weight are found 48.2, 116.9, 65.7, 55.6, 24.1, 22.5, 152.2, 184.5, 141.2 cm, and 217.2 kg for Steppe and 48.1, 101.2, 56.2, 51.2, 23.4, 18.3, 135.6, 167.3, 176.8 cm, and 298.9 kg for Sahraoui camel breeds, respectively. The distribution of brown and black eye colors for the Steppe camel breed is as 58.2% and 41.8%, respectively, while all of the Sahraoui camels studied had a brown eye color. The proportional distribution in terms of body color included are coffee, dark coffee, and red colors for 1.8%, 83.6%, and 14.6% in the Steppe camel and 98.3%, 1.7%, and 0.0% for the Sahraoui camel, respectively. As a result, this study concluded that the withers height and chest girth could estimate the body weight in the two breeds of camels with different ages.

Rehabilitation of the completely edentulous young patient with the "Malo Bridge": A case report.

It is possible to rehabilitate fully edentulous patients with implantsupported fixed or removable prostheses; however, implantsupported fixed prostheses are the gold standard for patients who not prefer to use removable dentures. This case report, prosthetic rehabilitation of a completely edentulous young patient with an implantsupported fixed hybrid prosthesis using the "Malo Bridge" technique is described. A 18 years old male patient was referred to the clinic with complaints of tooth loss, aesthetics, function, and phonetic. A total of 5 implants were placed in both the jaws. Considering that screw holes may cause aesthetic problems due to the Class III occlusion, these problems have been solved with the implant-supported hybrid prosthesis called Malo bridge. With the Malo Bridge design, the patient's aesthetic, functional and phonetic loss was eliminated, patient comfort and quality of life were improved, and patient expectations were met. It is a viable treatment option to rehabilitate completely edentulous jaws with a cross relationship and increase interarch distance using Malo Bridge to support a fixed prosthesis.

Postoperative pain after glide path preparation using manual, reciprocating and continuous rotary instruments: a randomized clinical trial.

AIM: To compare the incidence, intensity and prediction of postoperative pain after glide path preparation with manual, continuous rotary and a novel reciprocating glide path instrument. METHODOLOGY: The study included 240 patients, who were treated by four specialists according to a planned treatment protocol. Following access cavity preparation and prior to glide path preparation, the subjects were randomly assigned to one of the three groups according to the glide path instrument by choosing a sealed envelope containing the group name: R-Pilot (VDW, Munich, Germany), ProGlider (Dentsply Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and stainless steel K-files (Dentsply Sirona; n = 80). Following glide path preparation, the teeth underwent standardized single visit root canal treatment procedures. The root canals were chemomechanically prepared using the ProTaper Next rotary system (Dentsply Sirona) under copious irrigation with 5.25% NaOCl. Final irrigation was performed with 17% EDTA and distilled water. Root fillings were placed using an epoxy resin sealer and gutta-percha with a cold lateral compaction technique. After coronal restorations were placed, the patients were discharged with a questionnaire about the incidence and intensity of pain at 6, 12, 18, 24, 48 and 72 h postoperatively. The data were analysed using chi-square, anova and Tukey tests and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The presence of preoperative pain (OR ranged between 3.5 and 14.3) and the glide path preparation techniques (OR between 2.2 and 4.1) were associated with significant effects on the incidence of postoperative pain when comparing manual versus engine-driven glide path preparation (P < 0.05). Patients in the R-Pilot (Mean VAS ranged between 1.57-0.21) and ProGlider (1.97-0.28) groups reported significantly less postoperative pain scores than those in the manual group (2.82-1.32; P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between R-Pilot and ProGlider groups regarding the postoperative pain scores (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Preparation of glide paths with rotating or reciprocating NiTi instruments was associated with less postoperative pain levels and incidence compared to manual glide path preparation with no significant difference between rotating and reciprocating instruments. Preoperative pain was the most significant predictor for the occurrence of postoperative pain.

ON THE ISSUE OF NECESSITY TO PERFORM THE DR-70 IMMUNOASSAY PRIOR TO PROSTATE BIOPSY IN PATIENTS WITH HIGH PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN LEVEL AND ITS EFFICACY IN PREDICTING THE BIOPSY RESULTS.

The aim is to discuss the contribution of the DR-70 for the patients with high PSA level and which cutofflevel of DR-70 must be consideredthe biopsy decision. 93 patients with high prostate specific antigen level were enrolled into the study. Before the prostate biopsy, total PSA (tPSA), free PSA (fPSA), free/total PSA rate (f/tPSA), PSA density (PSAD) and DR-70 levels were recorded. The patients were divided into two groups according to the pathological outcome of benign (G1) or malignant (G2). G1 and G2 were compared with Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman's rho and ROC curve for analysis. The significance level is taken as .05 for all tests. The median age of patients in G1 and G2 was 62.52 and 68.22 years, respectively. The mean PV in G1 and G2 were 52.16 and 39.6 mL, respectively. The mean tPSA, PSAD and DR-70 levels in G1 and G2 were found as 7.19 and 18.74 ng/mL, 0.14 and 0.48 ng/mL/cc and 0.44 and 0.5 µg/mL, respectively. The mean age of the patients in G2 was statistically significantly higher than G1 (p=.001).The mean PV of the patients in G2 was statistically significantly lower than G1 (p=.001).The mean PSAD of the patients in G2 was statistically significantly higher than G1 (p=.001). There was no statistically significant difference on DR-70 levelsbetween G1 and G2 (p=.38). In Spearman's rhocorrelationanalysis, there was nostatistically significant relationships between DR-70 levels and pathology results in G2 (p=.24). ROC curve of tPSA, fPSA, f/tPSA, PSAD and DR-70 levelswere evaluated. ROC curve of PSAD shows a fair discriminant power with AUC = 0.71 (95% CI: 0.607-0.828) for differentiation between PCa and benign tissue in prostate biopsy with moderate specificity and high sensitivity (62.5% and 75.7%, resp., cut-off level: 0.1377 ng/mL). Contrary to literature and guidelines, cutoff level of PSAD as 0.13ng/mL/cc should be kept in mind and accordingly, a biopsy decision should be made. We think that DR-70 is no needed for additional evaluation before prostate biopsy.

Protective and therapeutic effects of dexpanthenol on isoproterenol-induced cardiac damage in rats.

The purpose of the study was to explore the protective and therapeutic effects of dexpanthenol (DEX) on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac damage. Forty rats were distributed into four groups: group I (Control); group II (ISO); ISO (150 mg/kg/day) was given to rats once a day for 2 consecutive days with an interval of 24 h; group III (DEX+ISO): DEX (250 mg/kg) was applied 30 min before the first ISO administration and continued in the next two days after second ISO administration; group IV (ISO+DEX): After the ISO treatment at 1st and 2nd days, DEX was given at 3rd and 4th days. Rats were monitored for mean arterial blood pressure (BP), heart rate, oxygen saturation (%SO2 ), and electrocardiography (ECG). Heart tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), reduced glutathione (GSH), total oxidant status (TOS); total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidative stress index (OSI), and caspase-3 were determined. BP and SO2 values indicated a significant decrease in the ISO group. Also, T wave negativity was observed in 6 of 10 rats, SOD, CAT, and GPX levels were significantly lower in ISO group than control group. ISO administration increased TOS and OSI levels, whereas DEX treatment significantly reduced these parameters. Also, ISO-induced morphological alterations such as disorganization of cardiomyocytes, loss of myofibrils and cytoplasmic vacuolization whereas these histological damages were significantly decreased in ISO+DEX and DEX+ISO groups when compared to the ISO group. This study implies the cardioprotective effects of DEX on ISO-induced cardiotoxicity.

Reliability and validity of the Karaduman Chewing Performance Scale in paediatric neuromuscular diseases: A system for classification of chewing disorders.

Chewing disorders can be seen in children with neuromuscular diseases (NMDs), which may cause swallowing difficulties such as choking, retching and food stuck feeling in the throat. Due to these effects, it is important to determine chewing disorders early with appropriate assessment methods to plan appropriate therapies in NMDs. The aim of this study was to investigate reliability and validity of the Karaduman Chewing Performance Scale (KCPS) in children with NMDs. Age, sex and diagnosis were recorded. Children were asked to chew a standardised biscuit while video-recording. Two physical therapists scored each video according to the KCPS. The correlation between the KCPS scores of 2 therapists was analysed for interobserver reliability. One therapist rescored the recordings after an interval of 2 weeks for intra-observer reliability. The Pediatric Version of the Eating Assessment Tool (PEDI-EAT-10) was used for criterion-based validity. Sixty-eight children with a mean age of 8.34 ± 3.73 (min = 2.5, max = 14.5) years were included, of which 94.1% were male. Karaduman Chewing Performance Scale scores were found to be level 0 in 20 cases, level 1 in 35 cases, level 2 in 12 cases and level 3 in 1 case. A positive, very strong correlation was detected between 2 therapists (r = .93, P < .001) and between 2 examinations of 1 therapist (r = .83, P < .001). A good correlation between the KCPS and PEDI-EAT-10 was detected (r = .62, P < .001). Chewing function, especially food processing phase, deteriorated in children with NMDs. The KCPS could be used as a reliable and valid instrument in determining chewing performance level for children with NMDs.

Protection with thymoquinone against formaldehyde-induced neurotoxicity in the rats.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to investigate the neurotoxic damage of formaldehyde (FA), which is commonly used in medicine and industrial fields, for the hippocampus of rats and the protective role of thymoquinone (TQ) against this neurotoxicity. METHODS: There were five groups with eight rats in each. Two control groups were formed, in one of them physiological saline was applied and in the other one corn oil was applied. FA was injected in Group 3. Group 4 was exposed to FA and TQ simultaneously. Group 5 received TQ only. At the end of the experiment animals were sacrificed and brain tissues were removed for biochemical and histopathological investigation. RESULTS: catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), all known as enzymes with antioxidant activities, were increased in FA and TQ simultaneously administered group. FA caused prominent subarachnoidal hemorrhage and vacuolization. Vacuolization was not observed but occasional subarachnoidal hemorrhage was detected in the FA+TQ group. CONCLUSION: Neurotoxic damage in hippocampus induced by FA was reverted by administration of TQ (Tab. 1, Fig. 1, Ref. 26).

DEVELOPMENT OF CLINICAL RISK ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR OSTEOPOROSIS (OSTEORISKAPP) USING A SYNDROMIC APPROACH.

CONTEXT: DEXA is recommended for osteoporosis screening. However, the rate of screening with DEXA is very low. Therefore, methods that can be used more easily and cost effectively are needed. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to develop a clinical risk assessment tool of osteoporosis (OSTEORISKAPP) by using syndromic approach. DESIGN: A methodological study was performed. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Three hundred and fifty-six participants who are above 50 years old are participants of study and take history and physical examination. Positive likelihood ratio (LR), pre and post test probability, is calculated. A logistic regression analysis and a ROC analysis are made with the model constructed by those criteria. RESULTS: Eighteen different clinical risk indices are diagnosed. According to LR, 4 of these criteria are minimally effective, 11 of them are weakly effective and 3 of them are medium effective criteria According to results of logistic regression analysis, back pain, waist pain, and usage of cortisone for more than 3 months, vertebra tenderness in physical examination, having dorsal kyphosis and being obese are turned out to be statistically significant in 89.9% confidence interval. AUC is found to be 0.948 and diagnostic test is found to have perfect distinction ability. CONCLUSION: Syndromic diagnostic criteria that will be used for osteoporosis screening of population and that is cost effective, no need to refer, practical, reliable and has tried to be developed.

Potential of Laurencia obtusa as a substrate for the development of a probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Laurencia obtusa (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) has tremendous nutritional value, being high in proteins, oligosaccharides, vitamins, essential minerals, and fatty acids, and it is a rich source of amino acids and trace elements. In this study, L. obtusa was extracted and subjected to phenolic, sugar and flavonoid analyses.The fatty acid, vitamin and phytosterol contents in Saccharomyces cerevisiae were evaluated when it was incubated with L. obtusa dry biomass. The fatty acids in the lipid extract were analysed after converting them into methyl esters using gas chromatography, and vitamin concentrations were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). According to the achieved results, the total fatty acid levels and vitamin contents of the S. cerevisiae prepared with algal extract increased at different rates. Our results showed that α-tocopherol decreased in the group in which the S. cerevisiae was added the algal extract. When compared to the control group, ergesterol increased in the group in which L. obtusa extract was added. Additionally, when compared to the control group in which L. obtusa extract was added, stearic acid (18:0), oleic acid (18:1) and linoleic acid (18:2) increased in the other groups. Palmitoleic acid (16:1) increased in the L. obtusa culture medium, but palmitic acid decreased in the L. obtusa culture medium. In conclusion, it was determined that the L. obtusa extract added to the development medium of S. cerevisiae caused differences in the synthesis of some vitamins and fatty acids.