[Impact of land use pattern on water quality under different riparian buffer zone scales in Gaya River Basin, Northeast China]. / 不同河岸缓冲区尺度下土地利用方式对嘎呀河流域水质的影响.

River water quality is influenced by land use and landscape distribution patterns. Quantifying the relationship between land use, landscape pattern and water quality factor at different riparian buffer zone scales is of great significance for rational land use planning and water quality improvement. Based on water quality data from 91 sites in May 2021 in the Gaya River Basin, we analyzed the spatial characteristics of land use types and landscape patterns at the riparian buffer zone scales. With redundancy analysis (RDA) and generalized additive models (GAM), we examined the effects of land use and landscape patterns on river water quality. The results showed that water quality was primarily impacted by total nitrogen (TN). Farmland was the dominant land use type at riparian buffer zone of 50, 100 and 500 m. The sampling sites were classified into farmland dominant group and farmland other group. Forest was dominant at riparian buffer zone of 1000, 1500, 2000 m, and the sampling sites were classified into forest dominant group and forest other group. 100 m riparian buffer zone was the strongest scale in the Gaya River, and 1000 m was the second. Land use types in the forest dominant group were closely related with electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, phosphate, permanganate index and ammonium (NH4+-N) of water. NH4+-N was positively correlated with proportion of forest and farmland area. Phosphate was significantly affected by Shannon diversity index (SHDI). SHDI and largest patch index (LPI) was the key landscape indices affecting permanganate index. TN was significantly impacted by area proportion of forest, grassland and LPI in farmland dominant group, showing decreasing trend with the area proportion of forest increasing from 8% to 40%. Total suspended solids in farmland other group were significantly correlated with proportion of farmland area, while negatively correlated with proportion of forest area. Water quality in the Gaya River was mainly affected by proportion of forest area, followed by proportion of farmland area. The combined effects of LPI, SHDI and other land use types played an important role in affecting water quality.

Theta burst stimulation versus high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for poststroke dysphagia: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of high-frequency (10 Hz) on suprahyoid motor cortex has been an evidence-based treatment for poststroke dysphagia. Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) can be performed in 3 minutes compared with 20 ±â€Š5 minutes for 10 Hz rTMS. This study aimed to ensure the clinical efficacy, safety, and tolerability of iTBS compared with 10 Hz rTMS for patients with poststroke dysphagia. METHOD: In this randomized, double-blind, single-center, controlled trial, 47 participants were randomly assigned to iTBS (n = 24) and rTMS (n = 23) group. Each participant received iTBS or rTMS daily at suprahyoid motor cortex of affected hemisphere for 10 consecutive days. The outcomes were assessed at baseline, immediately, and 2 weeks after intervention, including water-swallowing test, standardized swallowing assessment, Mann assessment of swallowing ability, Murray Secretion Scale, Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Rating Scale, Penetration-Aspiration Scale, and motor evoked potential (MEP) of bilateral suprahyoid muscle. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between groups. There was a significant improvement on all rating scales and MEP after rTMS and iTBS. No significant differences on water-swallowing test, Mann assessment of swallowing ability, standardized swallowing assessment, Murray Secretion Scale scores, and MEP were observed between groups. In particular, there was significant differences on Penetration-Aspiration Scale scores (viscous liquid: mean difference = 1.016; 95% CI: 0.32-1.71; effect size: 0.360; P = .005) and the residue rate of pyriform fossa (viscous liquid: mean difference = 0.732; 95% CI: 0.18-1.28; effect size: 0.248; P = .010) in between-group. Comparing the differences over the changes of all rating scales, only the residue rate of epiglottis valley between groups was found to be significantly different (dilute liquid: mean difference = -0.567; 95% CI: -0.98 to -0.15; P = .009). There was no severe adverse effect and high dropout rates in both groups. CONCLUSION: The clinical efficacy, safety, and tolerability of iTBS showed non-inferior to 10 Hz rTMS for patients with poststroke dysphagia. The present study can be used to improve the clinicians' knowledge and clinical decision skills on iTBS and rTMS for poststroke dysphagia.

[Health Assessment of the Stream Ecosystem in the North Canal River Basin, Beijing, China].

With increasing urbanization, the stream ecosystem in Beijing has faced great challenges. Phytoplankton, benthic macroinvertebrates, and water quality were investigated based on 25 sampling sites in the North Canal River basin in July 2015, and the quality of the habitat was assessed in situ. A total of 22 metrics, including aquatic organism, hydrology, water quality, and habitat, were calculated to be the candidate indicators. A principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis were used to select the core metrics from the candidate indicators, and the weight of each core metric was estimated by using the entropy method. The integrated index of stream ecological health was constructed to assess the health condition of the North Canal River basin. The results of the PCA and correlation analysis showed that nine metrics were selected as the core metrics to construct the integrated index of stream ecological health, i. e., the Shannon-Wiener diversity index of phytoplankton and benthic macroinvertebrates, water temperature, BOD5, NH4+-N, F-, Zn, petroleum, and the qualitative habitat evaluation index (QHEI). According to the results of the health assessment, 12% of the sampling sites in the North Canal River basin were considered to be healthy (Ⅰ) or sub-healthy (Ⅱ), and more than half were poor (Ⅳ) or bad (Ⅴ). Therefore, the aquatic ecosystem in the North Canal River basin was generally unhealthy. The upstream was better than the midstream and downstream, where the spatial heterogeneity of the health condition was strong. The health condition in the Nansha River, the midstream of the Qinghe River, and the main stream of the Tonghui River were poor, while the upstream of the Liangshui River and the tributaries of the Wenyu River were good. In general, the condition of the stream ecosystem in the North Canal River basin was relatively complicated.

[Macrobenthos community structure and its relationships with environmental factors in Weihe River basin, Northwest China].

In October 2011, an investigation was conducted on the macrobenthos at 45 sampling sites in the Weihe River basin of Northwest China. A total of 116 macrobenthos species were collected, of which, 91 species (78.4%) were aquatic insects, 12 species (10.3%) were mollusks, 9 species (7.8%) were annelids, and 4 species (3.4%) were crustaceans. According to the species composition and relative abundance of macrobenthos, the 45 sampling sites could be divided into three groups by using two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA). In the first group, Serratella sp., Hydropsyche sp., and Antocha sp. were the indicator species. In the second group, Tabanus sp., Alotanypus venustus, one species of Pelecorhynchidae, Liodessus sp., and Limnodrilus hoffmeistteri were the indicator species. In the third group, Ephemera nigroptera and Polypylis hemisphaerula were the indicator species. The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicated that 'cobble + boulder' type substrate, current velocity, water conductivity, water depth, and water total nitrogen content had significant effects on the spatial distribution of macrobenthos in Weihe River basin.

[Community structure and biological integrity of periphyton in Hunhe River water system of Liaoning Province, Northeast China].

Taking the Hunhe River water system in Liaoning Province of Northeast China as a case, this paper investigated the community structure of periphyton and the physical and chemical characteristics of water environment at 62 sampling sites, and, by using the biological integrity index of periphyton (P-IBI) and the habitat environment quality index (QHEI), a health assessment on the aquatic ecosystem of the water system was conducted. There was a great spatial heterogeneity in the periphyton community structure, and the sampling sites could be divided into 4 groups, with significant differences in the community structure, species richness, density, and Shannon diversity index among the groups. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that ammonia nitrogen (NH4(+)-N) and dissolved phosphorus (PO4(3-)-P) were the main water environment factors driving the formation of the periphyton community structure in the water system. The health assessment of the water system based on P-IBI and QHEI was basically in consistency, though the assessment of several reaches had large discrepancy. Overall, the Suzi River at the upper reaches of the water system had a better health status, while the upper reaches of Hunhe River and the main stream of Hunhe River at its middle and lower reaches were worse in health.