Aspergillosis: An Unwanted Tenant of Lung Cavity in an Immunocompromised Host.

Immunocompromised status predisposes an individual to infection from bacteria, fungi, and viruses that are otherwise uncommon. The presence of carcinoma and the use of chemotherapy weakens one's immune system and leads to opportunistic infections of many kinds. Aspergilloma is a fungal ball that grows inside a primary cavitary lesion within the pulmonary parenchyma. Generally, immunocompromised individuals have severe and invasive infections from Aspergillus. Here, we present a case report of a female with breast carcinoma undergoing chemotherapy who previously had a lung abscess with Klebsiella. During her subsequent presentation, she was detected to have aspergilloma along with multi-drug-resistant organisms in the lung abscess along with metastasis of breast carcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma encapsulating the fungal ball.

First case report of locally advanced malignant nodular hidradenoma of the scrotum.

BACKGROUND: Malignant nodular hidradenoma (MNH) is a malignant tumor of the eccrine glands, and most commonly involves the head, trunk, and extremities. To the best of our knowledge, MNH of the scrotum has not yet been described in the English literature. Despite the use of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormonal therapy, optimal treatment of MNH is unclear. CASE REPORT: We describe the case of a 30-year-old African American man who was diagnosed with locally advanced MNH of the scrotum and treated with surgery. More than 2 years after surgery, the patient is without evidence of disease. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first case report of MNH of the scrotum. Surgery alone may be sufficient for the treatment of localized or locally advanced MNH.

Metastatic pure small-cell carcinoma of prostate.

Extrapulmonary small-cell carcinoma arising in the prostate gland has been described in several case series and case reports. However, pure small-cell carcinoma of the prostate is rare, and there are only a few reports in literature describing the clinical features and management of this neoplasm. These tumors are highly aggressive and commonly manifest with visceral metastasis at the time of diagnosis. We report a case of metastatic pure prostatic small-cell carcinoma and an associated paraneoplastic polyneuropathy.

Accurate preoperative diagnosis of ovarian pregnancy with transvaginal scan.

Ovarian pregnancy is a rare variant of ectopic pregnancy, and an accurate preoperative diagnosis is very challenging. Dr. Saint Monnissey described the first reported case of ovarian pregnancy in 17th century. Transvaginal ultrasonography is a valuable tool in identifying an ovarian pregnancy from other types of ectopic pregnancies. Management with laparoscopy or laparotomy is required in all cases, and in almost all cases, ovary can be preserved since implantation is usually superficial (Koo et al.; 2011). A single case of an ovarian pregnancy, consistent with Spiegelberg's criteria is presented here. This case history demonstrates the use of ultrasonography (USG) and surgery in the diagnosis and treatment, respectively, of the ovarian pregnancy. As we step into an era where in vitro fertilization rate is on its hike, one should be aware that incidence of ovarian pregnancy is also increasing, necessitating a high index of suspicion.