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Cancer development is related to a variety of signaling pathways which mediate various cellular processes including growth, survival, division and competition of cells, as well as cell-cell interaction. The insulin signaling pathway interacts with different pathways and plays a core role in the regulations of all these processes. In this study, we reviewed recent studies on the relationship between the insulin signaling pathway and tumors using the Drosophila melanogaster model. We found that on one hand, the insulin pathway is normally hyperactive in tumor cells, which promotes tumor growth, and on the other hand, tumor cells can suppress the growth of healthy tissues via inhibition of their insulin pathway. Moreover, systematic disruption in glucose homeostasis also facilitates cancer development by different mechanisms. The studies on how the insulin network regulates the behaviors of cancer cells may help to discover new therapeutic treatments for cancer.
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Metallothioneins (MTs) are ubiquitous metal-chelating proteins involved in cellular metal homeostasis. MTs were found to be related with almost all the biological processes and their malfunctioning is responsible for a lot of important human diseases. Invertebrate MTs were also used broadly as biomarkers of metal contamination due to their inducible expression by metal exposure. MT system plays a significant role in maintaining human health and ecological stability. Drosophila melanogaster, the vinegar fly, is a perfect model for studying insect MT systems. Six MTs were identified in D. melanogaster, and were designated MtnA to F. All the MTs are considered as Cu-thioneins except for MtnF, which is putatively a Zn-thionein. Expression of all the MTs are regulated by MTF-1/MRE system, thus being able to be induced by heavy metal exposure. The expression pattern and function of separated MTs are partially overlapped and partially distinct. In this work, we made a summary of all the studies on D. melanogaster MTs. From this review, we noted that, compared with studies on mammalian MTs, the understanding of the MT system of D. melanogaster and other invertebrates, especially the regulation mechanism for MT expression and protein-protein interaction with them, is still in a low level.
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Drosophila melanogaster , Metalotioneína , Animais , Drosophila melanogaster/genética , Metalotioneína/genética , MetaisRESUMO
Objective:To establish and validate a model predicting the age at which a child with cerebral palsy will be able to walk independently.Methods:Data spanning 2016 to 2020 were collected from the cerebral palsy registration platform to build a database. Then, 70% of the patients were randomly assigned to the modeling group, while the remaining 30% were reserved for validation. Factors such as gender, bilirubin encephalopathy, neonatal asphyxia, extremely low birth weight, early pre-term birth, cerebral palsy type, magnetic resonance classification, gross motor function classification (GMFCS) score before 2 years of age, independent sitting age, ability to sit independently at 2 years of age, sections A through E of the gross motor function measure (GMFM-88), epilepsy, intellectual disability, visual impairment and surgery were analyzed applying Cox univariate regression analysis. The variables highlighted by the univariate regression analysis were included in Cox multivariate regression analyses, and a prediction model for the independent walking of children with cerebral palsy was established. It is presented as a linear graph. The C-statistic and calibration curve were used to evaluate the graph′s discrimination ability and calibration. Net reclassification improvement (NRI) was used to evaluate the linear graph′s net benefit.Results:A total of 807 cases were included in the study, with 565 and 242 in the model and validation groups, respectively. GMFCS score before 2 years of age, cerebral palsy type, independent sitting age, intellectual disability and early pre-term birth were found to be independent predictors of the age of independent walking. The C-statistics for 1-6 year-olds were all >0.8, indicating that the prediction model had good discrimination. The calibration curve showed that the predicted probability of independent walking at 1-4 years old was consistent with the observed probability, while the predicted probability of independent walking at 5-6 years old was higher than the observed probability. NRI suggested that the net benefit of the linear graph prediction model was not less than that of the full-factor model.Conclusion:A linear model was developed which can usefully predict the age of independent walking for children with cerebral palsy.
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OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the clinical significance of combined newborn hearing and deafness gene screening in Yuncheng area of Shanxi Province.@*METHODS@#Results of audiological examinations, including transient evoked otoacoustic emission and automatic discriminative auditory brainstem evoked potentials, for 6 723 newborns born in Yuncheng area from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021, were retrospectively analyzed. Those who failed one of the tests were considered to have failed the examination. A deafness-related gene testing kit was used to detect 15 hot spot variants of common deafness-associated genes in China including GJB2, SLC26A4, GJB3, and mtDNA12S rRNA. Neonates who had passed the audiological examinations and those who had not were compared using a chi-square test.@*RESULTS@#Among the 6 723 neonates, 363 (5.40%) were found to carry variants. These have included 166 cases (2.47%) with GJB2 gene variants, 136 cases (2.03%) with SLC26A4 gene variants, 26 cases (0.39%) with mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene variants, and 33 cases (0.49%) with GJB3 gene variants. Among the 6 723 neonates, 267 had failed initial hearing screening, among which 244 had accepted a re-examination, for which 14 cases (5.73%) had failed again. This has yielded an approximate prevalence of hearing disorder of 0.21% (14/6 723). Among 230 newborns who had passed the re-examination, 10 (4.34%) were found to have carried a variant. By contrast, 4 out of the 14 neonates (28.57%) who had failed the re-examination had carried a variant, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Genetic screening can provide an effective supplement to newborn hearing screening, and the combined screening can provide a best model for the prevention of hearing loss, which can enable early detection of deafness risks, targeted prevention measures, and genetic counseling to provide accurate prognosis for the newborns.
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Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Conexinas/genética , Estudos Retrospectivos , Surdez/genética , Conexina 26/genética , Triagem Neonatal/métodos , Mutação , Testes Genéticos/métodos , China/epidemiologia , Audição , Análise Mutacional de DNARESUMO
ObjectiveIn the treatment of acute gouty arthritis (AGA), western medicine is mostly used for anti-inflammatory and analgesic purposes to control the blood uric acid level, but some patients are still at risk of poor control and recurrent attacks. Chinese medicinal prescriptions, potent in resisting inflammation and relieving pain, are able to stabilize the blood uric acid level, reduce acute attacks, and improve the clinical efficacy of western medicine. However, there is a lack of evidence to support their use as evidence-based medicine. This study employed network Meta-analysis (NMA) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of common Chinese medicinal prescriptions in the treatment of AGA, aiming to provide evidence-based medical evidence for the clinical use of Chinese medicinal prescriptions in the treatment of AGA. MethodChinese and English databases were searched for prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on Chinese medicinal prescriptions against AGA from database inception to December 1, 2022. Stata software and Review Manager were used for statistical analysis. ResultForty-four papers with 3 564 cases involved were included in the current NMA. In terms of reducing blood uric acid, the cumulative probability results showed that Mahuang Lianyao Chixiaodou Tang showed optimal efficacy (87.60%). In terms of relieving joint pain, Danggui Niantongtang and Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimutang showed optimal efficacy (92.00% and 82.30%). In terms of improving erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), Simiaowan was superior to other prescriptions (87.00%). In terms of reducing C-reactive protein (CRP), Simiaowan and Baihutang modified with Guizhitang showed superior efficacy (76.00% and 66.10%). In terms of safety, except for the basic treatment group, Mahuang Lianyao Chixiaodou Tang had the lowest probability of adverse events, and Danggui Niantongtang had the highest probability of adverse reactions during treatment. According to the results of cluster analysis, Mahuang Lianyao Chixiaodou Tang and Simiaowan are effective and safe. ConclusionAccording to the results of NMA, Chinese medicinal prescriptions can assist in the treatment of AGA and improve the effectiveness of western medicine. For patients with AGA, clinicians can choose Mahuang Lianyao Chixiaodou Tang or Simiaowan as an auxiliary drug for routine western medicine treatment.
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【Objective】 To investigate the role and mechanism of dapagliflozin (Dapa), a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, in acute liver injury. 【Methods】 Eight-week-old C57BL6/J mice were given a single intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 to induce acute liver injury. The mice were preventively given 5 mg/kg Dapa by gavage 24 h and 2 h before CCl4 injection, while those in the control group were given an equal volume of solvent gavage. After 24 h, the mice were anesthetized and sacrificed. H&E staining, plasma biochemistry, RT-qPCR, and Western blotting were used to detect the severity of liver injury and the expressions of macrophage-related genes. 【Results】 In the CCl4 group, hepatic infiltration of inflammatory cells increased, and liver and renal functions significantly deteriorated, which was further aggravated by Dapa. CCl4 could promote the expressions of M1 macrophages and fibrosis-related genes in the liver, but reduce those of M2 and antioxidant-related genes, and the latter was further inhibited by Dapa. In addition, the protein expression of arginase 1 decreased and that of SGLT2 increased after Dapa intervention, while NF-κB pathway did not change significantly, suggesting that Dapa might directly affect the energy metabolism homeostasis in the liver and aggravate acute liver injury induced by CCl4. 【Conclusion】 Dapa can exacerbate hepatic and renal damage in acute stage of liver injury, inhibit macrophages M2 polarization, and aggravate oxidative stress and inflammatory injury induced by CCl4.
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Neuronal tuning property such as preferred direction and modulation depth could change gradually or abruptly in brain machine interface (BMI). The decoding performance will decay in static algorithms where dynamic neuronal tuning property is regarded as stationary. Many adaptive algorithms have been proposed to update the time-varying decoding parameter with main consideration on the decoding performance, but seldom focus on exploring how individual neuronal tuning property changes physiologically. We propose a novel adaptive algorithm based on sequential Monte Carlo point process estimation to capture the abrupt change of neuronal modulation depth and preferred direction. At each time point, the tuning parameter is assumed as static with a large probability and searched within a local area. Meanwhile, the abrupt change is thought to occur with a small probability and explored within a global range. This algorithm is tested on synthetic neural data and compared with a static point process algorithm. The results show that our adaptive algorithm succeeds in detecting the abrupt change in neuronal tuning, which contributes to a better reconstruction of kinematics.
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Neurônios , Potenciais de Ação , Algoritmos , Interfaces Cérebro-Computador , Método de Monte CarloRESUMO
How to quickly predict an individual's behavioral choices is an important issue in the field of human behavior research. Using noninvasive electroencephalography, we aimed to identify neural markers in the prior outcome-evaluation stage and the current option-assessment stage of the chicken game that predict an individual's behavioral choices in the subsequent decision-output stage. Hierarchical linear modeling-based brain-behavior association analyses revealed that midfrontal theta oscillation in the prior outcome-evaluation stage positively predicted subsequent aggressive choices; also, beta oscillation in the current option-assessment stage positively predicted subsequent cooperative choices. These findings provide electrophysiological evidence for the three-stage theory of decision-making and strengthen the feasibility of predicting an individual's behavioral choices using neural oscillations.
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Agressão/fisiologia , Encéfalo , Eletroencefalografia , Relações InterpessoaisRESUMO
Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of scoliosis among primary and middle school students in Dali Bai autonomous prefecture.Methods:A total of 176,729 students aged 6-18 years from 380 primary and secondary schools in eight counties of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture were screened for spinal health by visual method, Adams forward bend test and scoliometer measuring the angle of trunk rotation from September to November 2021. The angle of trunk rotation ≥5° or visual method retest positive was used as a positive standard to confirm suspected scoliosis population. Demographic data of the screening population including name, gender, age and ethnicity were collected. The average altitude of the community or village committee in the screening area was recorded. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to screen the influencing factors of scoliosis.Results:There were 176,729 people planned to complete the screening. A total of 140,026 people were actually completed screening with completion rate 79.23%. A total of 3,190 (2.28%) suspected scoliosis positive people were detected. The detection rate of female was 2.52%, which was higher than that of male 2.03% (χ 2=37.18, P<0.001). The detection rate of 10-18 years old group was 2.90%, which was higher than that of 6-9 years old group 0.70% (χ 2=620.79, P<0.001). There was a significant difference in the detection rate among different age groups from 6 to 18 years old (χ 2=1,451.00, P<0.001). The detection rate of Han population was 2.67%, which was higher than that of non-Han population 2.15% (χ 2=31.06, P<0.001). In non-Han population, the detection rate of Bai population was 2.07%, which was lower than that of non-Bai population 2.26% (χ 2=4.02, P=0.045). Trend chi-square test showed significant difference in the detection rate of scoliosis among the general population, 10-18 years old population and 6-9 years old population in the altitude <1,500 m, 1,500-1,599 m, 1,600-1,699 m, 1,700-1,799 m, 1,800-1,899 m, 1,900-1,999 m, 2,000-2,099 m, 2,100-2,199 m, 2,200-2,299 m and ≥2,300 m groups (χ 2=249.02, 195.64, 24.46, P<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of scoliosis was lower in males than that in females ( OR=0.82, P<0.001). The risk of scoliosis was increased in 10-18 years old compared with that in 6-9 years old ( OR=0.12, P<0.001). The risk of scoliosis was low in Bai population compared with that in Han populations ( OR=0.75, P<0.001). The altitude ≥2,000 m was a risk factor ( OR=1.52, P<0.001). Conclusion:The detection rate of suspected scoliosis in primary and middle school students in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture was 2.28%. Female, aged 10-18 years, Han populations, and residence in altitude ≥2,000 m might be the risk factors for scoliosis.
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【Objective】 To investigate the clinical characteristics and potential mechanism of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine-related myocarditis. 【Methods】 We made a systematic literature retrieval based on PubMed to search for all reports on COVID-19 vaccine-related myocarditis published by August 31, 2021. A total of 29 reports involving 71 patients with myocarditis were enrolled after screening. The patients’ demographic data, vaccination, clinical manifestations, biochemical and imaging results, treatments, and outcomes were extracted and summarized. The patients were divided into prior COVID (n=12) and non-prior COVID (n=59) according to their previous medical history. 【Results】 COVID vaccine-related myocarditis was more common in men (91.5%) and after the second dose of mRNA vaccine (81.7%). The average time to onset was 3 (1, 25) days, and the main symptoms included chest pain (94.4%), fever (45.1%), myalgia (26.8%), and shortness of breath (16.9%). Abnormal troponin level was present in almost all the patients, with a common elevation of C-reactive protein. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and colchicine were widely used in clinical treatment, and the symptoms of one-fifth of the patients were relieved after symptomatic therapy, with 1 to 2 weeks’ length of hospital stay. However, the risk of vaccine-related myocarditis was significantly increased in patients with previous COVID-19 infection, which was more common after the first dose of vaccine (58.3%) other than the second dose. And the clinical symptoms and outcomes were somewhat different from those without COVID-19 infection previously. 【Conclusion】 Myocarditis is one of the serious adverse events related to COVID-19 vaccine, with an overall relatively low incidence, mild clinical severity, and favorable prognosis. Vaccine-related myocarditis may be a combined result of primed immune system and individual susceptibility after infection with COVID-19.
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【Objective】 To investigate the association of platelet/albumin ratio (PAR), platelet/hemoglobin (PHR) and C-reactive protein/albumin (CAR) with diabetes mellitus. 【Methods】 Based on the data of China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS2009), with gender and age matched by their ID, a total of 8 258 individuals with serological test results were finally included and were divided into diabetes group and control group according to the fasting blood glucose and HbA1c, and then the blood lipid and blood cell changes, PAR, PHR and CAR differences between groups were compared, and the correlation analysis of diabetes was performed. 【Results】 Compared with those in the control group, serum uric acid, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly increased in diabetes group, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly decreased. Besides, there was no significant difference in PAR or PHR between the two groups, while CAR was significantly increased in diabetes (0.48±0.18 vs. 0.08±0.23, P<0.001), and was positively correlated with the levels of fasting glucose (r=0.181 8, P<0.001), HbA1c (r=0.186 6, P<0.001), and HOMA-IR (r=0.188 1, P=0.003). However, CAR was not an independent risk factor for diabetes. In addition, increased red blood cell count (B=1.324, 95% CI: 1.182-1.483, P<0.001) and leukocytes count (B=1.230, 95% CI: 1.166-1.298, P<0.001) may be independent risk factors for the incidence of diabetes. 【Conclusion】 CAR is correlated with diabetes mellitus, but it is not an independent risk factor. Dyslipidemia, elevated leukocytes and red blood cell counts may be independent risk factors for diabetes, but further study is needed.
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【Objective】 To explore the potential mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza and its active monomers in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) complicated with depression or anxiety disorder based on network pharmacology. 【Methods】 We collected the clinical data of 147 patients with CHD admitted to our hospital from March to April 2021 and investigated biochemical examination, drug treatment and the use of Chinese herbal compound. The downstream targets of active monomers of Salvia miltiorrhiza were screened based on TCMSP, PubChem and SwissTargetPrediction databases, and depression or anxiety-related genes were mining in OMIM, GeneCards and TTD databases. Protein-protein interaction network and GO and KEGG gene enrichment analyses were performed by matching Chinese herbal compound with disease targets. Chinese herbal compound-target-disease network was built by Cytoscape. 【Results】 Shuxuening (44.9%), Salviae miltiorrhiza (27.9%), and Sofren injection (21.8%) were the most commonly used Chinese herbal or injections in the clinical treatment of CHD, and there was no difference in the frequency of use between genders. Network pharmacology showed that the active components of Salvia miltiorrhiza might act on neuroactive ligand-receptor binding, 5-hydroxytryptamine synapses and dopaminergic synapses and participate in the regulation of neurotransmitter transport, dopamine and catecholamine metabolism and stress response. Target-disease network analysis showed that many active components of Salvia miltiorrhiza interacted with catechol-O-methyltransferase, monoamine oxidase, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor and opioid receptor, which may be the potential targets of Salvia miltiorrhiza in improving depression and anxiety. 【Conclusion】 Salvia miltiorrhiza is involved in the regulation of neurotransmitters and synaptic activities, thus making it a potential drug for the clinical treatment of CHD complicated with depression and anxiety disorder.
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【Objective】 To investigate the inhibitory effect of magnesium citrate (MgCit) on hyperphosphorus-induced VSMCs calcification and its mechanisms. 【Methods】 VSMCs were divided into the following groups: normal control group, high-phosphorus group, low-dose MgCit group, high-dose MgCit group and high-dose MgCit+NPS2143 (calcium-sensitive receptor inhibitor) group. Alizarin red staining was used for semi-quantitative analysis of VSMCs calcification and the calcium content in VSMCs was detected by the commercial kit. The osteogenic transdifferentiation parameters including alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, as well as mRNA and protein levels of smooth muscle 22α (SM22α), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), were detected in each group. 【Results】 Compared with those in the control group, the calcium content of VSMCs in the model group was increased, ALP activity, and the mRNA and protein expressions of RUNX2 and BMP2 were increased, and the mRNA expression of SM22α was decreased (P<0.05). MgCit could reduce VSMCs calcification, decrease ALP activity, decrease mRNA and protein levels of RUNX2 and BMP2, and increase mRNA levels of SM22α induced by high-phosphorous (P<0.05). The above effects of MgCit were reduced when NPS2143 was administered simultaneously (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 MgCit can reduce VSMCs calcification and osteogenic transdifferentiation induced by high phosphorus through activating of CaSR.
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【Objective】 To investigate the association of normal weight obesity (NWO) with carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) and peripheral arterial stiffness (PAS) in persons received physical examination. 【Methods】 A total of 1 894 people with normal BMI (18.5-23.9 kg/m2) were consecutively enrolled for this study. All these people had completed body fat measurement, carotid artery ultrasound examination and peripheral arterial stiffness detection. Then they were divided into control group, CAS group, PAS group, and CAS + PAS group according to the test results mentioned above. Clinical data were compared between different groups to assess the baseline situation. Besides, Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine independent risk factors for atherosclerosis. 【Results】 The proportion of NWO in CAS group, PAS group, and CAS + PAS group was significantly higher than that in normal group (P<0.05). Univariate analysis results showed that NWO was correlated with greater risks of both CAS and PAS (P<0.05). However, multiple factors analysis suggested that NWO was not associated with PAS, but with CAS (OR=1.286, 95% CI: 1.032-1.603, P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 NWO is closely related to the occurrence of CAS and may be an independent risk factor for CAS. Attention should be paid to the body fat mass of the NWO population. Early intervention is needed to prevent the occurrence of CAS in these people.
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Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of modified Atkins diet (MAD) in treating global growth retardation (GDD).Methods:A prospective multicenter clinical controlled study was conducted.The children were included from 8 departments of children′s rehabilitation in Henan Province from July 2017 to October 2017.A total of 154 children who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned into the routine treatment group (88 cases) and MAD therapy group (66 cases). A total of 62 children in MAD therapy group and 59 children in routine treatment group completed the study for 15 months.The routine treatment group was provided comprehensive rehabilitation training, and the MAD therapy group was given MAD treatment on the basis of rehabilitation training.Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA was used to compare the differences among datas at different time points. Results:After 3 months, there were significant differences in the scores of the Chinese Version of Urban Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (CITSEA)/Achenbach Children′s Behavior Scale (CBCL) between the 2 groups (all P<0.05). Significant improvement was seen in the MAD group.After 6 months, the MAD therapy group had significantly higher scores on the Gesell Developmental Scale for language and social behavior than the routine treatment group (all P<0.05). After 9 months, the scores of the children in the MAD therapy group were better than those in the routine treatment group in the Gesell Developmental Scale adaptive energy area and the infant-junior high school student social life scale (S-M scale), and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). After 15 months, the fine motor in the MAD therapy group was better than that in the routine treatment group ( P<0.05). At the early stage of MAD therapy, 28 patients showed mild adverse reactions that were reversed after symptomatic treatment.No severe adverse reactions were observed. Conclusions:MAD therapy can improve the neuro-development, emotional and social behaviors, and adaptive behaviors with no severe adverse effects.
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To investigate the relationship between serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and work impairment in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) based on real-world evidence. Outpatients with confirmed AS at Chinese PLA General Hospital were recruited consecutively by Smart-phone SpondyloArthritis Management System (SpAMS) from April 2016 to April 2018. The relationship between CRP and work productivity and activity impairment questionnaire (WPAI) were evaluated. Five hundred and fifty-one outpatients with AS in paid employment were recruited. The presenteeism, overall work impairment, and activity impairment rates increased by 1.4% (1.1%, 1.8%), 1.1% (0.5%, 1.6%), and 1.7% (1.3%, 2.1%), respectively, for every 10 mg/L increase in the CRP level (all P value<0.01). However, the CRP level was not associated with absenteeism after adjusting for covariates [0.5%(-0.4%, 1.0%), P>0.05]. There is a significant association between increased serum CRP levels at baseline and the previous 7-day work impairment in patients with AS. Higher CRP levels contribute to worse presenteeism, overall work impairment, and activity impairment rates, which suggests the necessity of monitoring CRP on treatment, and also indicates that anti-inflammatory therapy may be effective for improving work productivity.
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BACKGROUND@#Concerns exist regarding the potential development of tuberculosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with biological and targeted drugs. We assessed systematically whether biological therapy increased the risk of tuberculosis in patients with RA by meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).@*METHODS@#A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and China Biology Medicine disc for RCTs evaluating biological therapy in patients with RA from inception through August 2021. Traditional meta-analysis and network meta-analysis were performed to compare the risk of tuberculosis for each biologics class in patients with RA. Peto odds ratio (Peto OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated as the primary effect measure.@*RESULTS@#In total, 39 studies with 20,354 patients were included in this meta-analysis, and 82 patients developed tuberculosis. The risk of tuberculosis was increased in patients treated with biologics compared with non-biologics (Peto OR: 3.86, 95% CI: 2.36-6.32, P < 0.001). Also, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitors had a higher probability of developing tuberculosis than placebo (Peto OR: 3.98, 95% CI: 2.30-6.88, P < 0.001). However, network meta-analysis demonstrated that there was no significant difference in the risk of tuberculosis for each biologics class in patients with RA. Noticeably, tuberculosis was significantly more common in patients treated with a high dose compared with patients receiving a low dose of tofacitinib (Peto OR: 7.39, 95% CI: 2.00-27.31, P = 0.003).@*CONCLUSION@#This meta-analysis demonstrates the evidence of an elevated risk of tuberculosis in patients with RA treated with TNF-α inhibitors, and a dose-dependent elevated risk of tuberculosis in patients treated with tofacitinib.
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Humanos , Antirreumáticos/efeitos adversos , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Metanálise em Rede , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Tuberculose/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
【Objective】 To explore the correlation of the intake of different nutrients with the levels of serum lipids and uric acid. 【Methods】 Based on the data of China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS2009), a total of 1 343 individuals were finally included by ID matching with demographic data, serological tests and dietary nutrition results. We compared serum lipids and uric acid levels between groups of different nutrients intake (group Q1-Q4) and conducted the correlation analysis. 【Results】 The total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) in the men were significantly higher than those in the women, while high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) was significantly lower in the men. The average intakes of daily energy, carbohydrate, fat and protein were significantly higher in the males than in the females. Intergroup comparisons and correlation analyses showed that total energy and protein intakes were positively correlated with TG (r=0.070 9,P=0.008 4;r=0.051 7,P=0.012 3), while fat intake was positively correlated with TC (r=0.086 1,P=0.001 4). The blood uric acid level was positively correlated with the intake of fat and protein (r=0.127 3,P<0.001;r=0.138 0,P<0.001). The results of subgroup analysis of the males were consistent with those of the whole population. However, there was a significantly negative correlation between carbohydrate intake and blood uric acid level in the females (r=-0.107 9,P=0.002 2). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that TC, TG and uric acid were correlated with gender, age and intake of different nutrients. 【Conclusion】 The levels of blood uric acid and lipids are significantly higher in men than in women. Different types of dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia are related to different nutrient intakes in different genders and ages.
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Cervical cancer, a common malignant tumor in female reproductive system, seriously threatens women's life and health. The standard surgery for early cervical cancer is radical hysterectomy + pelvic lymphadenectomy±para-aortic lymph node sampling. Lymph node metastasis is an independent risk factor for the prognosis of cervical cancer patients. Several researches showed that the incident of lymph node metastasis in early cervical cancer was approximately 20%. Giving the complications and sequelae of systematic lymph node resection, its application in early cervical cancer is still doubted. The sentinel lymph node, where lymph node metastasis firstly occurs, attracts much attention in the surgical treatment of malignant tumors. Hence, sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) came into being. Recent studies have indicated that SLNB is safe and feasible for early cervical cancer and SLNB is recommended to patients with early cervical cancer. This article will introduce the application of SLNB in cervical cancer in the recent years and discuss its clinical value and related challenges.
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Exploring neural markers that predict trust behavior may help us to identify the cognitive process underlying trust decisions and to develop a new approach to promote interpersonal trust. It remains unknown how trust behavior may be predicted early in the decision process. We used electrophysiology to sample the brain activity while participants played the role of trustor in an iterative trust game. The results showed that during the trust generation stage, the trust condition led to higher frontocentral beta band activity related to cognitive inhibition compared to the distrust condition (item level). Moreover, individuals with higher frontocentral beta band activity were more likely to perform trust choices at the single-trial level (individual level). Furthermore, after receiving reciprocity feedback on trial