SE-FSCNet: full-scale connection network for single-shot phase demodulation.

The accuracy of phase demodulation has significant impact on the accuracy of fringe projection 3D measurement. Currently, researches based on deep learning methods for extracting wrapped phase mostly use U-Net as the subject of network. The connection method between its hierarchies has certain shortcomings in global information transmission, which hinders the improvement of wrapped phase prediction accuracy. We propose a single-shot phase demodulation method for fringe projection based on a novel full-scale connection network SE-FSCNet. The encoder and decoder of the SE-FSCNet have the same number of hierarchies but are not completely symmetrical. At the decoder a full-scale connection method and feature fusion module are designed so that SE-FSCNet has better abilities of feature transmission and utilization compared with U-Net. A channel attention module based on squeeze and excitation is also introduced to assign appropriate weights to features with different scales, which has been proved by the ablation study. The experiments conducted on the test set have demonstrated that the SE-FSCNet can achieve higher precision than the traditional Fourier transform method and the U-Net in phase demodulation.

ERRα contributes to HDAC6-induced chemoresistance of osteosarcoma cells.

Chemotherapy resistance is an important problem for clinical therapy of osteosarcoma (OS). The potential effects of histone deacetylases (HDACs) on OS chemoresistance are studied. The expression of HDACs in OS cells resistance to doxorubicin (Dox) and cisplatin (CDDP) is checked. Among 11 members of HDACs, levels of HDAC6 are significantly upregulated in OS cells resistance to Dox and CDDP. Inhibition of HDAC6 via its specific inhibitor ACY1215 restores chemosensitivity of OS-resistant cells. Further, HDAC6 directly binds with estrogen-related receptors alpha (ERRα) to regulate its acetylation and protein stability. Inhibition of ERRα further strengthens ACY1215-increased chemosensitivity of OS-resistant cells. Mechanistically, K129 acetylation is the key residue for HDAC6-regulated protein levels of ERRα. Collectively, we find that ERRα contributes to HDAC6-induced chemoresistance of OS cells. Inhibition of HDAC6/ERRα axis might be a potential approach to overcome chemoresistance and improve therapy efficiency for OS treatment. 1. HDAC6 was significantly upregulated in Dox and CDDP resistant OS cells; 2. Inhibition of HDAC6 can restore chemosensitivity of OS cells; 3. HDAC6 binds with ERRα at K129 to decrease its acetylation and increase protein stability; 4. ERRα contributes to HDAC6-induced chemoresistance of OS cells.

IGF2BP1-regulated expression of ERRα is involved in metabolic reprogramming of chemotherapy resistant osteosarcoma cells.

Doxorubicin (Dox) is the standard treatment approach for osteosarcoma (OS), while acquired drug resistance seriously attenuates its treatment efficiency. The present study aimed to investigate the potential roles of metabolic reprogramming and the related regulatory mechanism in Dox-resistant OS cells. The results showed that the ATP levels, lactate generation, glucose consumption and oxygen consumption rate were significantly increased in Dox-resistant OS cells compared with parental cells. Furthermore, the results revealed that the increased expression of estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) was involved in metabolic reprogramming in chemotherapy resistant OS cells, since targeted inhibition of ERRα restored the shifting of metabolic profiles. Mechanistic analysis indicated that the mRNA stability, rather than ERRα transcription was markedly increased in chemoresistant OS cells. Therefore, it was hypothesized that the 3'-untranslated region of ERRα mRNA was methylated by N6-methyladenine, which could further recruit insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) to suppress mRNA decay and increase mRNA stability. IGF2BP1 knockdown downregulated ERRα and reversed the metabolic alteration of resistant OS cells. Additionally, the oncogenic effect of the IGF2BP1/ERRα axis on Dox-resistant OS cells was verified by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Clinical analysis also revealed that the expression levels of IGF2BP1 and ERRα were associated with the clinical progression of OS. Collectively, the current study suggested that the IGF2BP1/ERRα axis could regulate metabolic reprogramming to contribute to the chemoresistance of OS cells.

Distribution of CYP2C19, ABCB1 and PON1 polymorphisms in Chinese Han, Hui, Uygur and Kazak patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease.

CYP2C19, ABCB1 and PON1 polymorphisms involve in the metabolism and absorption of clopidogrel, which may be associated with interethnic variability of clopidogrel response. In our study, we evaluated the prevalence of CYP2C19, ABCB1 and PON1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CHD) of Chinese Han, Hui, Uygur and Kazak ethnic groups. Five SNPs were detected [CYP2C19 ∗2 (rs4244285), CYP2C19 ∗3 (rs4986893), CYP2C19 ∗17 (rs12248560), ABCB1 (rs1045642) and PON1 (rs662)]. The analysis was performed in 1,337 patients with CHD, including 831 Han, 85 Hui, 352 Uygur and 69 Kazak. The results revealed the differential distribution of the five SNPs. Frequencies of CYP2C19 no function variants in Uygur and Kazak were lower than those in Han and Hui groups (P < .05). CYP2C19 variants with increased function were more common in Uygur (13.6%) and Kazak (10.9%) groups (P < .05). Compared with Han and Hui groups, distribution of ABCB1 allele T was more prevalent in Uygur and Kazak groups (53.8% and 50.7%, respectively, P < .05). PON1 allele A frequencies of 55.7% and 58.7% in Uygur and Kazak showed higher prevalence than in the Han (38.4%) and Hui (43.5%) groups (P < .05). In conclusion, CYP2C19 *2 and *3 alleles are prevalent in Chinese Han and Hui groups, whereas CYP2C19 *17, ABCB1 T and PON1 A variants are relatively frequent in Chinese Uygur and Kazak ethnic groups. Our findings may provide a theoretical basis for the explanation of ethnic differences in determining clinical therapy strategies and predicting adverse effects.

Fringe Phase-Shifting Field Based Fuzzy Quotient Space-Oriented Partial Differential Equations Filtering Method for Gaussian Noise-Induced Phase Error.

Traditional filtering methods only focused on improving the peak signal-to-noise ratio of the single fringe pattern, which ignore the filtering effect on phase extraction. Fringe phase-shifting field based fuzzy quotient space-oriented partial differential equations filtering method is proposed to reduce the phase error caused by Gaussian noise while filtering. First, the phase error distribution that is caused by Gaussian noise is analyzed. Furthermore, by introducing the fringe phase-shifting field and the theory of fuzzy quotient space, the modified filtering direction can be adaptively obtained, which transforms the traditional single image filtering into multi-image filtering. Finally, the improved fourth-order oriented partial differential equations with fidelity item filtering method is established. Experiments demonstrated that the proposed method achieves a higher signal-to-noise ratio and lower phase error caused by noise, while also retaining more edge details.

Adaptive Binocular Fringe Dynamic Projection Method for High Dynamic Range Measurement.

Three-dimensional measurement with fringe projection sensor has been commonly researched. However, the measurement accuracy and efficiency of most fringe projection sensors are still seriously affected by image saturation and the non-linear effects of the projector. In order to solve the challenge, in conjunction with the advantages of stereo vision technology and fringe projection technology, an adaptive binocular fringe dynamic projection method is proposed. The proposed method can avoid image saturation by adaptively adjusting the projection intensity. Firstly, the flowchart of the proposed method is explained. Then, an adaptive optimal projection intensity method based on multi-threshold segmentation is introduced to adjust the projection illumination. Finally, the mapping relationship of binocular saturation point and projection point is established by binocular transformation and left camera-projector mapping. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve higher accuracy for high dynamic range measurement.

Application of case teaching in genetics courses to students majoring in forestry.

Undergraduate students majoring in forestry generally reflect that genetics is one of the most difficult compul-sory courses, because the traditional teaching method is difficult to satisfy their needs. According to the theoretical charac-teristics of forestry and actual demands of the students, in the light of teaching and research experience in recent years, we adopted a series of typical genetic cases such as 'opening coffin to identify relatives', stem-throne of Lycium ruthenicum Murr, and magic powers in Harry Potter. Our practices revealed that the case teaching in genetics could train good personality traits, learning abilities and creativity of the students, stimulate their interests and initiatives in learning, and increase systematic learning.

Brightened Bicomponent Perovskite Nanocomposite Based on Förster Resonance Energy Transfer for Micro-LED Displays.

Lead halide perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) are making their way toward next-generation display applications, such as serving as color conversion layers in micro-light-emitting-diode (micro-LED) arrays. Red PQDs containing iodine exhibit weaker brightness compared with their green counterpart when employed as color conversion layers. Therefore, PQDs with enhanced brightness are highly favorable for micro/mini-LED displays. A universal strategy of bicomponent perovskite nanocomposite (BPNC) with significantly enhanced photoluminescence (PL) intensity is proposed through the built-in Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the core CsPbBr3 to the shell γ-CsPbI3 , and it is confirmed that it is through a pair of combined quasi-degenerate energy levels in the blue spectra region that the FRET is conducted, resulting in a high excitation wavelength selectivity. Owing to the highly efficient energy transition route from blue excitation to red emission established by the FRET, the BPNC exhibits the brightest single-peak red photoluminescence with near 100% quantum yield. The BPNC with FRET is further proven to be adaptable to a wide range of emission wavelengths. The BPNCs in a blue micro-LED array are employed as color downconversion layers, and excellent color conversion properties and high color gamut are demonstrated. This strategy of BPNC paves a road to the full-color micro-LED displays.