RESUMO
The globo-series glycosphingolipids (GSLs) SSEA3, SSEA4, and Globo-H specifically expressed on cancer cells are found to correlate with tumor progression and metastasis, but the functional roles of these GSLs and the key enzyme ß1,3-galactosyltransferase V (ß3GalT5) that converts Gb4 to SSEA3 remain largely unclear. Here we show that the expression of ß3GalT5 significantly correlates with tumor progression and poor survival in patients, and the globo-series GSLs in breast cancer cells form a complex in membrane lipid raft with caveolin-1 (CAV1) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) which then interact with AKT and receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIP), respectively. Knockdown of ß3GalT5 disrupts the complex and induces apoptosis through dissociation of RIP from the complex to interact with the Fas death domain (FADD) and trigger the Fas-dependent pathway. This finding provides a link between SSEA3/SSEA4/Globo-H and the FAK/CAV1/AKT/RIP complex in tumor progression and apoptosis and suggests a direction for the treatment of breast cancer, as demonstrated by the combined use of antibodies against Globo-H and SSEA4.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Galactosiltransferases/genética , Glicoesfingolipídeos/genética , Microdomínios da Membrana/genética , Antígenos Glicosídicos Associados a Tumores/genética , Antígenos Glicosídicos Associados a Tumores/metabolismo , Apoptose/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Caveolina 1/genética , Caveolina 1/metabolismo , Progressão da Doença , Proteína de Domínio de Morte Associada a Fas/genética , Feminino , Proteína-Tirosina Quinases de Adesão Focal/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/genética , Glicoesfingolipídeos/metabolismo , Humanos , Substâncias Macromoleculares/química , Substâncias Macromoleculares/metabolismo , Microdomínios da Membrana/metabolismo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/genética , Saporinas/genética , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Antígenos Embrionários Estágio-Específicos/genética , Antígenos Embrionários Estágio-Específicos/metabolismoRESUMO
Thrombin activates protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) through binding to exosite I and the active site to promote tumor growth. We have developed a new class of anti-cancer glyco-peptides to target exosite I selectively without affecting the active-site-mediated coagulation activity and showed the importance of glycans for the stability and anti-cancer activity of the glyco-peptides.