Hypochlorite-induced oxidative stress elevates the capability of HDL in promoting breast cancer metastasis.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggest that oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of breast cancer. There is a significant inverse relationship between HDL and the risk and mortality of breast cancer. However, it is well known that under conditions of oxidative stress, such as breast cancer, HDL can be oxidatively modifiedand these modifications may have an effect on the functions of HDL. The purpose of this study is to determine the different effects of normal and oxidized (caused by hypochlorite-induced oxidative stress) HDL on breast cancer cell metastasis. METHODS: Human breast cancer cell lines were treated with normal and hypochlorite-oxidized HDL, and then cell metastasis potency in vivo and the abilities of migration, invasion, adhesion to HUVEC and ECM in vitro were examined. Integrin expression and PKC activity were evaluated, and PKC inhibitor and PKC siRNA was applied. RESULTS: We found hypochlorite-oxidized HDL dramatically promotes breast cancer cell pulmonary metastasis (133.4% increase at P < 0.0 l for MDA-MB-231 by mammary fat pad injection; 164.3% increase at P < 0.01 for MCF7 by tail vein injection) and hepatic metastasis (420% increase at P < 0.0 l for MDA-MB-231 by mammary fat pad injection; 1840% fold increase at P < 0.001 for MCF7 by tail vein injection) in nude mice, and stimulates higher cell invasion (85.1% increase at P < 0.00 l for MDA-MB-231; 88.8% increase at P < 0.00 l for MCF7;), TC-HUVEC adhesion (43.4% increase at P < 0.00 l for MDA-MB-231; 35.2% increase at P < 0.00 l for MCF7), and TC-ECM attachment (41.0% increase at P < 0.00 l for MDA-MB-231; 26.7% increase at P < 0.05 for MCF7) in vitro compared with normal HDL. The data also shows that the PKC pathway is involved in the abnormal actions of hypochlorite-oxidized HDL. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that HDL under hypochlorite-induced oxidative stress stimulates breast cancer cell migration, invasion, adhesion to HUVEC and ECM, thereby promoting metastasis of breast cancer. These results suggest that HDL-based treatments should be considered for treatment of breast cancer patients.

Establish intelligent detection system to evaluate the sugar smoking of chicken thighs.

The objective of this study was to establish a standardized color detection method to achieve low-cost, rapid, nonintrusive and accurate characterization of the color change of smoked chicken thighs during the smoking process. This study was based on machine vision technology using the Mean algorithm, K-means algorithm and K-means algorithm + image noise reduction algorithm to establish 3 colorimetric cards for the color of sugar-smoked chicken thighs. The accuracy of the 3 colorimetric cards was verified by the K-medoids algorithm and sensory analysis, respectively. Results showed that all 3 colorimetric cards had significant color gradient changes. From the K-medoids algorithm, the accuracy of the colorimetric card produced by the Mean algorithm, K-means algorithm and K-means algorithm + image noise reduction algorithm was 87.2, 95.1, and 96.7%, respectively. Meanwhile, the verification results of the sensory analysis showed that the accuracy of the Mean algorithm, K-means algorithm and K-means algorithm + image noise reduction algorithm colorimetric card was 69.4, 80.9, and 79.2%, respectively. A comparative analysis found that the colorimetric cards produced by the K-means algorithm and K-means algorithm + image noise reduction have excellent accuracy. These 2 colorimetric cards could become a suitable method for rapid, low-cost, and accurate online color monitoring of smoked chicken.