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BACKGROUND: This study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of glibenclamide treatment in patients with acute aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). METHODS: The randomized controlled trial was conducted from October 2021 to May 2023 at two university-affiliated hospitals in Beijing, China. The study included patients with aSAH within 48 h of onset, of whom were divided into the intervention group and the control group according to the random number table method. Patients in the intervention group received glibenclamide tablet 3.75 mg/day for 7 days. The primary end points were the levels of serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and soluble protein 100B (S100B) between the two groups. Secondary end points included evaluating changes in the midline shift and the gray matter-white matter ratio, as well as assessing the modified Rankin Scale scores during follow-up. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier NCT05137678). RESULTS: A total of 111 study participants completed the study. The median age was 55 years, and 52% were women. The mean admission Glasgow Coma Scale was 10, and 58% of the Hunt-Hess grades were no less than grade III. The baseline characteristics of the two groups were similar. On days 3 and 7, there were no statistically significant differences observed in serum NSE and S100B levels between the two groups (P > 0.05). The computer tomography (CT) values of gray matter and white matter in the basal ganglia were low on admission, indicating early brain edema. However, there were no significant differences found in midline shift and gray matter-white matter ratio (P > 0.05) between the two groups. More than half of the patients had a beneficial outcome (modified Rankin Scale scores 0-2), and there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups. The incidence of hypoglycemia in the two groups were 4% and 9%, respectively (P = 0.439). CONCLUSIONS: Treating patients with early aSAH with oral glibenclamide did not decrease levels of serum NSE and S100B and did not improve the poor 90-day neurological outcome. In the intervention group, there was a visible decreasing trend in cases of delayed cerebral ischemia, but no statistically significant difference was observed. The incidence of hypoglycemia did not differ significantly between the two groups.
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Hemiplegic gait is the most common sequela of stroke. Patients with hemiplegic gait are at a risk of falling because of poor balance. The theory of cognitive-motor networks paved the way for a new field of research. However, the mechanism of the relationship of cognition with gait or posture control networks is unclear because of the dynamic characteristics of walking and changing postures. To explore differences in the balance function and fall risk between patients with and without cognitive impairment after stroke, we utilized the Berg balance scale, Timed "Up and Go" test, and 10 m walking test. Patients were divided into two groups: the observation group (16 patients, female 6 and male 10), comprising patients with cognitive impairment after stroke, and the control group (16 patients, female 7 and male 9), comprising patients without cognitive impairment after stroke. We found that patients with cognitive impairment had worse balance function and a higher risk of falls. They needed a longer time to turn around or sit down. Our findings indicated that posture control in turning around and sitting down required more cognitive resources in daily life.
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Cognição/fisiologia , Transtornos Neurológicos da Marcha/fisiopatologia , Marcha/fisiologia , Equilíbrio Postural/fisiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Transtornos Neurológicos da Marcha/etiologia , Transtornos Neurológicos da Marcha/psicologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/psicologia , Reabilitação do Acidente Vascular CerebralRESUMO
In this paper, from the current situation of the domestic use of superconducting MRI, on liquid helium supply and demand crisis in the market, according to the production process of the enterprise, taking the medical 1.5 T superconducting magnet as an example, the main design essentials of the helium-free magnet are introduced comprehensively, the feasibility of the helium-free magnet research and development are described, important value orientation for the domestic manufacture and use of superconducting MRI was provided.
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Hélio , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Supercondutividade , ImãsRESUMO
In this paper, from the current situation of the domestic use of superconducting MRI, on liquid helium supply and demand crisis in the market, the significance of the transformation without LHe of the superconducting MRI magnet was explained, and according to the enterprise's production process, a number of operating without liquid helium transformation practice and ideas were raised, important value orientation for the domestic manufacture and use of superconducting MRI was provided.
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Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/instrumentação , Magnetismo/instrumentação , Desenho de EquipamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Early exercise after stroke promoted angiogenesis and increased microvessles density. However, whether these newly formatted vessels indeed give rise to functional vascular and improve the cerebral blood flow (CBF) in impaired brain region is still unclear. The present study aimed to determine the effect of early exercise on angiogenesis and CBF in ischemic region. METHODS: Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to 90 min middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)and randomly divided into early exercise and non-exercised control group 24 h later. Two weeks later, CBF in ischemic region was determined by laser speckle flowmetry(LSF). Meantime, micro vessels density, the expression of tie-2, total Akt and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), and infarct volume were detected with immunohistochemistry, 2,3,5 triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and western blotting respectively. The function was evaluated by seven point's method. RESULTS: Our results showed that CBF, vessel density and expression of Tie-2, p-Akt in ischemic region were higher in early exercise group compared with those in non-exercise group. Consistent with these results, rats in early exercise group had a significantly reduced infarct volume and better functional outcomes than those in non-exercise group. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that early exercise after MCAO improved the CBF in ischemic region, reduced infarct volume and promoted the functional outcomes, the underlying mechanism was correlated with angiogenesis in the ischemic cortex.
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Circulação Cerebrovascular/fisiologia , Neovascularização Fisiológica/fisiologia , Condicionamento Físico Animal/fisiologia , Reabilitação do Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Angiopoietinas/biossíntese , Angiopoietinas/genética , Animais , Western Blotting , Córtex Cerebral/irrigação sanguínea , Córtex Cerebral/fisiologia , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Imuno-Histoquímica , Infarto da Artéria Cerebral Média/complicações , Infarto da Artéria Cerebral Média/patologia , Infarto da Artéria Cerebral Média/fisiopatologia , Fluxometria por Laser-Doppler , Masculino , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/biossíntese , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/etiologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/fisiopatologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
As a therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke, to restore or increase cerebral blood flow (CBF) is the most fundamental option. Laminar shear stress (LS), as an important force generated by CBF, mainly acts on brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs). In order to study whether LS was a protective factor in stroke, we investigated LS-intervented ischemic apoptosis of rat BMECs (rBMECs) through PE Annexin V/7-AAD, JC-1 and Hoechst 33258 staining to observe the membranous, mitochondrial and nuclear dysfunction. Real-time PCR and western blot were also used to test the gene and protein expressions of Tie-2, Bcl-2 and Akt, which were respectively related to maintain membranous, mitochondrial and nuclear norm. The results showed that LS could be a helpful stimulus for ischemic rBMECs survival. Simultaneously, membranous, mitochondrial and nuclear regulation played an important role in this process.
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Apoptose , Encéfalo/irrigação sanguínea , Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Animais , Western Blotting , Isquemia Encefálica , Células Cultivadas , Expressão Gênica , Masculino , Potencial da Membrana Mitocondrial/fisiologia , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/fisiologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Receptor TIE-2/genética , Receptor TIE-2/metabolismo , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Resistência ao Cisalhamento , Estresse MecânicoRESUMO
Objective: To analyze the correlation between balance function and gait parameters of patients with basal ganglia infarction. And to observe the influence of balance function on plantar pressure and hemiplegia gait based on the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) score. Methods: One hundred and forty patients with cerebral infarction hemiplegia in the basal ganglia region (a study group, n = 140) and healthy people (a control group, n = 140) were enrolled. The study group was evaluated with the BBS, the 10 m walking test (10MWT), and the timed up-and-go test (TUGT). The gait parameters and the peak plantar pressure were measured in both groups while walking, and the differences between the groups were compared. In addition, the characteristics of the plantar pressure curve of the hemiplegic and non-hemiplegic sides during walking and the correlation between the 10MWT, the TUGT, the plantar pressure peak, the gait parameters,and the BBS score were analyzed in the study group. Results: The peak plantar pressure of the forefoot and heel, stride length, lateral symmetry, stand phase, swing phase, and dual stand phase of both sides in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The BBS score negatively correlated with the 10MWT, the TUGT, the peak plantar pressure of the hemiplegic forefoot, midfoot, and the non-hemiplegic midfoot, the anterior to posterior position (ant/post position), hemiplegic stand phase, and the dual stand phase (P < 0.05). The BBS score positively correlated with the hemiplegic swing phase and stride length (P < 0.05). Conclusion: A correlation was found between the forefoot plantar pressure and the stand phase of the hemiplegic limbs, the ant/post position, and the balance function after basal ganglion cerebral infarction. This association can be used in walking and balance assessment for stroke rehabilitation. Correcting forefoot pressure or the front and ant/post position can improve balance function.
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OBJECTIVES: Cognitive impairment in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a common cause of vascular dementia and is often accompanied by mental disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on the cognitive function and Hamilton depression (HAMD) scores in patients with CSVD. METHODS: A total of 30 CSVD patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to either the sham or cTBS group. The patients in both groups received routine cognitive function training. All the patients were under treatment for 14 sessions, with one session per day (each cTBS conditioning session consisted of three-pulse bursts at 50 Hz repeated at 5 Hz, 80% MT, and 600 pulses). Before and after the treatment, the patients in both groups were evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT), Trail Marking Test (TMT), Digital Span Test (DST), and HAMD test. The time to complete the SCWT and TMT were recorded. The scores of the MoCA, DST and HAMD test were recorded. RESULTS: The HAMD scores in the cTBS group decreased significantly compared to the control (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the MoCA (including the MoCA subitems) or DST scores or in the SCWT or TMT completion times between the two groups (p > 0.05). For the HAMD scores and the MoCA subitem visuospatial/executive scores, the SCWT-B and SCWT-C completion times in the two groups both improved significantly before and after treatment (p < 0.05). For the MoCA scores, the DST-backward scores and the TMT-B completion times in the cTBS group improved significantly before and after treatment (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the SCWT-A, TMT-A completion times and MoCA subitems naming, attention, language, abstraction, delayed recall, and orientation scores either before or after treatment in the two groups or between the two groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, cTBS over the right DLPFC decreased the HAMD scores significantly in patients with CSVD but had no significant improvement or impairment effects on cognitive function. cTBS over the right DLPFC could be used to treat CSVD patients with depression symptoms.
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Background and purpose: Extracranial artery stenosis (ECAS) is associated with the presence of individual markers of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Here, we investigated the relationship between severe extracranial artery stenosis or occlusion and CSVD in patients with large artery atherosclerotic (LAA) cerebral infarction. Methods: A total of 128 patients with LAA cerebral infarction who met our specific inclusion criteria were selected, including 92 males and 36 females. These patients were divided into three groups based on whether they had severe symptomatic extracranial arterial stenosis or occlusion, severe asymptomatic extracranial artery stenosis or occlusion, or severe extracranial artery stenosis or occlusion (both symptomatic and asymptomatic). Intra-group comparisons were then performed to examine whether there were any differences in the total CSVD scores and Fazekas scores. Results: Patients with severe extracranial arterial stenosis or occlusion and those with severe asymptomatic extracranial arterial stenosis or occlusion had a significantly higher total CSVD score (P < 0.05), but there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of Fazekas scores. Furthermore, there were no significant difference in the total CSVD scores and Fazekas scores when compared between patients with or without severe symptomatic extracranial arterial stenosis or occlusion. Conclusion: Severe stenosis or occlusion of the contralateral extracranial artery may increase the incidence of CSVD in patients with LAA cerebral infarction. Active and effective clinical intervention following comprehensive evaluation should be undertaken for unilateral cerebral infarction patients with severe stenosis or occlusion of the contralateral extracranial arterial.
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Objective: To assess the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the gait and postural control ability of patients with executive dysfunction (ED) after stroke. Methods: A total of 18 patients with ED after stroke were randomly assigned into two groups, including an experimental group and a sham group. Patients in both groups received routine rehabilitation therapy, and patients in the experimental group underwent rTMS on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) for 2 weeks (5 HZ, 80%MT, 1200 pulses). In the sham group, patients experienced sham stimulation treatment, in which the coil was placed vertically with the head. Before and after treatment, patients in both groups were subjected to Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) scoring, Fugl−Meyer assessment of lower extremity (L-FMA), Stroop color-word test (SCWT), gait analysis, foot plantar pressure test, 10-m walking test (10MWT), Berg balance scale (BBS), and timed up and go test (TUGT). In the SCWT, it was attempted to record the time of each card (SCWT-T), the correct number (SCWT-C), Stroop interference effect-time (SIE-T), and SIE correct count (SIE-C). The TUGT was categorized into four stages: getting up (GT), walking straight (WT), turning around (TT), and sitting down (ST), in which the total time of TUGT was calculated. Results: After two weeks of treatment, the evaluation indexes were improved in the two groups, some of which were statistically significant. In the experimental group, SCWT-T, SIE-T, SIE-C, GT, WT, TT, ST, and TUGT were significantly improved after treatment (p < 0.05). SCWT-C, L-FMA score, 10MWT, GT, WT, stride length, step width, foot plantar pressure, pressure center curve, and activities of daily living were not statistically different from those before treatment (p > 0.05). After treatment, SCWT-T, SIE-C, SIE-T, BBS score, TT, and ST in the experimental group were significantly shorter than those before treatment, with statistical differences (p < 0.05). Compared with the sham group, SCWT-C, L-FMA score, 10MWT, GT, WT, TUGT, stride length, step width, foot plantar pressure, pressure center curve, and motor skills were not significantly improved (p > 0.05). Conclusion: It was revealed that post-stroke rTMS treatment of patients with ED could improve executive function, improve postural control function, and reduce the risk of falling. In addition, rTMS of DLPFC could be a therapeutic target for improving postural control ability and reducing the risk of falling.
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Objectives: To observe the efficacy of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) for the spasticity of the lower-limb post-stroke on gait and posture control. Methods: A total of 46 patients with hemiplegia gait were randomly divided into the experimental group (23 patients) and the control group (23 patients). In patients in the experimental group received injections of BoNT-A by electrical stimulation-guided. At the same time, patients of the two groups received routine physical therapy. Gait analysis, plantar pressure analysis, lower-limb Fugl-Meyer assessment (L-FMA), 10 meter walking test (10MWT), timed "Up and Go" test (TUGT), and modified Ashworth Scale assess (MAS) of the lower limbs were performed at 0, 1, 4, and 12 weeks after treatment. Results: At 1, 4, and 12 weeks after treatment, the L-FMA, stride length, speed, and TUGT significantly improved than 0 week in both groups. The L-FMA and peak of forefoot pressure, and MAS results in the experimental group were better than those in the control group at 4 and 12 weeks. The TUGT, speed, and stride length in experimental group was significantly shortened than that in control group at 1, 4, and 12 weeks. Conclusion: Botulinum toxin type A injection can improve motor functions of the lower limb, gait, spasticity, forefoot pressure, and posture control of patients after stroke.
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OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to observe the therapeutic effect of elastic bandages on improving knee hyperextension in patients with stroke after correcting the foot varus. METHODS: A total of 45 patients with stroke admitted to the hospital from January to August 2019 were enrolled in the present prospective study. Elastic bandages were used to fix the affected foot in a mild valgus position. Before and after the intervention, the Noitom walking function evaluation system was adopted, and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and the 10-meter walking test were conducted. The gait speed, stride length, knee angle, and the number of knee hyperextensions >5° were selected as the results. The weight-bearing time of the affected leg was evaluated, and the changes in the control ability of the affected limb before and after the intervention were compared. RESULTS: It was found that compared with before treatment, the time of knee hyperextension was significantly reduced after fixation with the elastic bandage, and the knee extension angle was significantly reduced (p < 0.05). After the treatment, the gait speed was significantly higher than before the treatment (p < 0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in the stride length (p > 0.05). After the treatment, the time in the TUG test was significantly shorter than before the treatment (p < 0.05), together with an obvious increase in the weight-bearing time of the affected leg (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Correcting foot varus could improve the biomechanics of the lower limbs and improve the symptoms of knee hyperextension in patients with stroke, thereby improving the control ability of the affected limb and improving the walking function.
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Marcha , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Humanos , Extremidade Inferior , Estudos Prospectivos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapia , CaminhadaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to observe the effects of executive dysfunction (ED) on gait and postural control during walking after stroke. METHODS: In this study, 34 subjects with stroke and ED (8 women and 26 men; age, 55.41 ± 7.89 years; time since stroke onset, 1.3 ± 0.12 months) were recruited. Stroop color-word test (SCWT), 10-meter walk test (10MWT), timed-up-and-go test (TUGT), and gait analysis were evaluated. The correlation among the correct number of Stroop tasks (SCWT-C), the number of time-consuming tasks (SCWT-T), the amount of interference (SIE-M and SIE-T) and posture control, and gait-related parameters was analyzed. RESULTS: The results indicated that SCWT-C was negatively correlated with 10MWT, TUGT, and bilateral symmetry (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between SCWT-C and stride (P > 0.05). A significant negative correlation was seen between SCWT-C and bilateral symmetry (P < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between SCWT-T and stride (P > 0.05). SCWT-T was positively correlated with TUGT, 10MWT, and bilateral symmetry (P < 0.05). SIE-T was positively correlated with TUGT and bilateral symmetry (P < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between SIE-T and 10MWT or stride (P > 0.05). SIE-M was positively correlated with TUGT and bilateral symmetry (P < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between SIE-T and 10MWT or stride (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: ED is closely related to the decline in postural control and the occurrence of falls. In the early phases of stroke rehabilitation, physiotherapists should focus on the patients' executive function to accelerate the recovery of postural control.
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This study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of treadmill pre-training against the over-release of glutamate resulting from cerebral ischemia. Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 2 weeks of treadmill run-training before cerebral ischemia was performed by middle cerebral artery occlusion. The level of glutamate in brain extracellular fluid was detected before, during and after ischemia/reperfusion. The expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor-1 (mGluR1) mRNA in striatum was examined after ischemia for 80 min and reperfusion for 240 min. Neurological defect score and brain infarction volumes were measured. The treadmill pre-training significantly suppressed the release of glutamate, and reduced the expression of mGluR1 mRNA at 59% (P < 0.01) and 62% (P < 0.05), respectively, as compared with the ischemia group. The neurological defect score and infarction volume were significantly improved by 75% (P < 0.01) and 74% (P < 0.01), respectively, in the pre-training group, as compared to the ischemia group. Treadmill pre-training has a significant neuroprotective function against ischemia/reperfusion injury, by suppressing glutamate release resulting from cerebral ischemia, and this effect may be mediated by downregulation of mGluR1.
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Ácido Glutâmico/metabolismo , Infarto da Artéria Cerebral Média/metabolismo , Infarto da Artéria Cerebral Média/fisiopatologia , Condicionamento Físico Animal/fisiologia , Animais , Corpo Estriado/fisiologia , Corpo Estriado/fisiopatologia , Teste de Esforço/métodos , Espaço Extracelular/química , Masculino , Modelos Animais , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Receptores de Glutamato Metabotrópico/genética , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Lymphatic vessels (LVs) of meninges and lymphatic drainage in the brain have been investigated previously. Here, we examined the role of continuous theta burst stimulation (CTBS) in the modulation of meningeal LVs. METHODS: To explore the effects of CTBS on meningeal LVs, the diameters of LVs were measured between a real CTBS group and sham CTBS group of wild-type male mice. Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) expression was subsequently calculated in both groups to account for lymphatic changes after CTBS. Sunitinib was administered by 3-day oral gavage to inhibit the VEGF receptor (VEGFR), and the effects of CTBS were further examined in the following groups: vehicle with real CTBS, vehicle with sham CTBS, sunitinib treatment with real CTBS, and sunitinib treatment with sham CTBS. RESULTS: The lymphatic vessels were augmented, and the level of VEGF-C in meninges increased after CTBS. CTBS dilated meningeal lymphatic vessels were impaired after the VEGF-C/VEGFR3 pathway was blocked. CONCLUSIONS: CTBS can dilate meningeal lymphatic vessels by up-regulating VEGF-C in meninges.
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Sistema Glinfático/metabolismo , Vasos Linfáticos/metabolismo , Meninges/metabolismo , Ritmo Teta/fisiologia , Regulação para Cima/fisiologia , Fator C de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/biossíntese , Animais , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Estimulação Magnética Transcraniana/métodosRESUMO
Innate immune memory is a part of the innate immune system that facilitates the elimination of pathogens. However, it may exacerbate neuropathology. In this study, we found that innate immune memory is detrimental in stroke, because it promotes the acute immune response and exacerbates ischemic infarcts. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy has been widely studied for its therapeutic potential in various diseases including stroke, but whether it diminishes innate immune memory has not been studied. Here, our study demonstrates that, after the activation of innate immune memory by lipopolysaccharide, mesenchymal stem cell therapy can diminish innate immune memory though down-regulation of H3 methylation and subsequently protect against stroke. Our results demonstrate that innate immune memory is detrimental in stroke, and we describe a novel potential therapeutic target involving the use of mesenchymal stem cells to treat stroke patients.
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Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunidade Inata/efeitos dos fármacos , Memória Imunológica/efeitos dos fármacos , AVC Isquêmico/cirurgia , Lipopolissacarídeos/toxicidade , Transplante de Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , AVC Trombótico/cirurgia , Cordão Umbilical/citologia , Animais , Encéfalo/imunologia , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patologia , Células Cultivadas , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Humanos , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , AVC Isquêmico/imunologia , AVC Isquêmico/metabolismo , AVC Isquêmico/patologia , Lipopolissacarídeos/imunologia , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Microglia/efeitos dos fármacos , Microglia/imunologia , Microglia/metabolismo , Microglia/patologia , AVC Trombótico/imunologia , AVC Trombótico/metabolismo , AVC Trombótico/patologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Tetramethyl pyrazine has been considered an effective agent in treating neurons ischemia/reperfusion injury, but the mechanism of its therapeutic effect remains unclear. This study was to explore the therapeutic time window and mechanism of tetramethyl pyrazine on temporary focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Middle cerebral artery occlusion was conducted in male Sprague-Dawley rats and 20 mg/kg of tetramethyl pyrazine was intraperitoneally injected at different time points. At 72 h after reperfusion, all animals' neurologic deficit scores were evaluated. Cerebrums were removed and cerebral infarction volume was measured. The expression of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase mRNA was determined at 6 and 24 h after reperfusion. RESULTS: Cerebral infarction volume and neurological deficit scores were significantly decreased in the group with tetramethyl pyrazine treatment. The expression of thioredoxin-1/thioredoxin-2 and thioredoxin reductase-1/thioredoxin reductase-2 was significantly decreased in rats with ischemia/reperfusion injury, while it was increased by tetramethyl pyrazine administration. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with tetramethyl pyrazine, within 4 h after reperfusion, protects the brain from ischemic reperfusion injury in rats. The neuroprotective mechanism of tetramethyl pyrazine treatment is, in part, mediated through the upregulation of thioredoxin transcription.
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Isquemia Encefálica/tratamento farmacológico , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Pirazinas/uso terapêutico , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controle , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Pirazinas/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Tiorredoxina Redutase 1/fisiologia , Tiorredoxinas/fisiologiaRESUMO
Objective@#To understand the level of nutritional literacy and its influencing factors among schoolage children in grades 4-9 in Guizhou Province, and to explore the relationship between nutritional literacy and physical health, so as to provide reference for improving nutritional literacy and physical health of schoolage children.@*Methods@#Using multistage stratified cluster sampling method, 1 155 schoolage children in grades 4-6 in elementary school and grades 7-9 in secondary schools in three prefectural and municipal cities of Guizhou Province (Zunyi, Tongren, and Bijie) were sampled from February to July 2023, and were surveyed for nutritional literacy by using the "Food and Nutritional Literacy Questionnaire for Chinese Schoolage Children", and their physical health data (data on body measurement indicators, such as height, weight, lung capacity, and vertical jump) were obtained from the physical health surveillance platform. Pearson correlation analysis and binary Logistic regression modeling were used to explore the association between nutritional literacy and physical health.@*Results@#The nutritional literacy score of the study population was (63.50±8.63), and the scores of each level of nutritional literacy in descending order were interactivity (66.09±13.99), functionality (63.84±8.80), and criticism (61.15±14.65); and the scores of cognitive domain of nutritional literacy, and skill domain were (64.71±10.77) (62.97±9.21); food selection, food preparation, and food intake dimension scores were (64.68±13.52) (56.39±12.17) (63.63±10.04), respectively. Differences in the total nutritional literacy scores of schoolaged children who were only children or not, by gender, ethnicity, grade level, primary caregiver, primary caregivers education, and family economic situation were statistically significant (t/F=2.88, -3.28, 5.02, 18.32, 4.67, 32.47, 32.53, P<0.05); the physical health pass rate was 85.8%, and the mean scores of the total physical health score, physical form, physical function, and physical fitness dimensions were (71.86±10.52) (93.29±12.06) (72.12±14.42) (67.26±13.13), respectively; after controlling for confounders, the nutritional literacy scores were positively correlated with physical health (OR=1.03, 95%CI=1.01-1.05, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Nutritional literacy scores of schoolage children in grades 4-9 in Guizhou Province are low, and there is a positive correlation between nutritional literacy and physical health in this school age children.
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This study examined whether very early initiated physical rehabilitation (VEIPR), as a recommended therapy for postischemia, could improve motor performance and cerebral blood flow (CBF). Adult male rats with ischemic injury caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) were trained to run on a treadmill for 30min per day at 12m/min. Through such exercise training for 3 days, the ischemic rats exhibited increased motor function and decreased infarct volume, as measured by a behavioral score and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining method, as well as accelerated CBF, as detected with laser speckle imaging (LSI). Furthermore, to determine whether the observed improved CBF provided the protective factor for motor function recovery, we investigated the apoptosis of ischemic rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (rBMECs), which accepted the mechanical force of CBF directly, under flow intervention. The findings indicated that a modest flow decreased cell apoptosis in the ischemic condition and that this effect is magnitude dependent, as excessive flow increased apoptosis.
Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica/terapia , Encéfalo/irrigação sanguínea , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Terapia por Exercício , Animais , Apoptose , Células Endoteliais/patologia , Hemodinâmica , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
AIMS: Treadmill training has been shown to improve function in animal models and patients with cerebral ischemia. However, the neurochemical effects of this intervention on the ischemic brain have not been well studied. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of pre-ischemic treadmill training on the release of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) from the striatum in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. MAIN METHODS: Rats were divided into five groups: sham control without MCAO, and 0, 1, 2 and 4 weeks pre-ischemic treadmill training. After training, cerebral ischemia was induced by MCAO for 120 min, followed by reperfusion. Microdialysis was used to collect dialysates from the striatum immediately before ischemia, and at 40, 80 and 120 min after ischemia, as well as at 40, 80, 120, 160, 200 and 240 min after reperfusion. KEY FINDINGS: Pre-ischemic treadmill training decreased glutamate release and increased GABA release during the acute phase of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Treadmill training for at least 2 weeks produced statistically significant changes in GABA/glutamate release. SIGNIFICANCE: The present study suggests that treadmill training inhibits the excessive release of glutamate, by stimulating GABA release during the acute phase of cerebral ischemia. This may be one of the important mechanisms to protect the striatal neurons from ischemic damage.