Comprehensive analysis of the Xya riparia genome uncovers the dominance of DNA transposons, LTR/Gypsy elements, and their evolutionary dynamics.

Transposable elements (TEs) are DNA sequences that can move or replicate within a genome, and their study has become increasingly important in understanding genome evolution and function. The Tridactylidae family, including Xya riparia (pygmy mole cricket), harbors a variety of transposable elements (TEs) that have been insufficiently investigated. Further research is required to fully understand their diversity and evolutionary characteristics. Hence, we conducted a comprehensive repeatome analysis of X. riparia species using the chromosome-level assembled genome. The study aimed to comprehensively analyze the abundance, distribution, and age of transposable elements (TEs) in the genome. The results indicated that the genome was 1.67 Gb, with 731.63 Mb of repetitive sequences, comprising 27% of Class II (443.25 Mb), 16% of Class I (268.45 Mb), and 1% of unknown TEs (19.92 Mb). The study found that DNA transposons dominate the genome, accounting for approximately 60% of the total repeat size, with retrotransposons and unknown elements accounting for 37% and 3% of the genome, respectively. The members of the Gypsy superfamily were the most abundant amongst retrotransposons, accounting for 63% of them. The transposable superfamilies (LTR/Gypsy, DNA/nMITE, DNA/hAT, and DNA/Helitron) collectively constituted almost 70% of the total repeat size of all six chromosomes. The study further unveiled a significant linear correlation (Pearson correlation: r = 0.99, p-value = 0.00003) between the size of the chromosomes and the repetitive sequences. The average age of DNA transposon and retrotransposon insertions ranges from 25 My (million years) to 5 My. The satellitome analysis discovered 13 satellite DNA families that comprise about 0.15% of the entire genome. In addition, the transcriptional analysis of TEs found that DNA transposons were more transcriptionally active than retrotransposons. Overall, the study suggests that the genome of X. riparia is complex, characterized by a substantial portion of repetitive elements. These findings not only enhance our understanding of TE evolution within the Tridactylidae family but also provide a foundation for future investigations into the genomic intricacies of related species.

Shikonin ameliorated LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice via modulating MCU-mediated mitochondrial Ca2+ and macrophage polarization.

BACKGROUND: Macrophages play a pivotal role in the development and recovery of acute lung injury (ALI), wherein their phenotypic differentiation and metabolic programming are orchestrated by mitochondria. Specifically, the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) regulates mitochondrial Ca2+ (mCa2+) uptake and may bridge the metabolic reprogramming and functional regulation of immune cells. However, the precise mechanism on macrophages remains elusive. Shikonin, a natural naphthoquinone, has demonstrated efficacy in mitigating ALI and suppressing glycolysis in macrophages, yet which mechanism remains to be fully elucidated. PURPOSE: This study explored whether Shikonin ameliorated ALI via modulating MCU-mediated mCa2+ and macrophage polarization. METHODS: This study firstly examined the protective effects of Shikonin on LPS-induced ALI mice, and investigated whether it is depends on macrophage by depleting macrophage using clodronate liposomes. The regulatory effect of Shikonin on macrophage polarization and mitochondrial MCU/Ca2+ signal was testified on RAW264.7 cells, and further validated by knocking-down MCU expression or by using RU360, an MCU inhibitor. Additionally, the crucial role of MCU in the therapeutic effect of Shikonin, along with its regulation on macrophage polarization was validated in mice with LPS-induced ALI under the intervention of RU360. RESULTS: Shikonin alleviated LPS-induced mice ALI, down-regulated inflammatory cytokines and inhibited the pro-inflammatory polarization of macrophages. Intravenous injection of clodronate liposomes on mice abolished the protective effects of Shikonin on ALI. On RAW264.7 cells, LPS&IFN decreased the protein expression of MCU, while induced pro-inflammatory polarization and glycolytic metabolism. In contrast, Shikonin increased MCU expression, activated MCU-mediated mCa2+ signal, promoted the polarization of macrophages to anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, and driven a metabolic shift from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. Either knocking-down MCU expression or pharmacological inhibiting MCU by using RU360 mitigated the effects of Shikonin on Raw 264.7 cells. Furthermore, RU360 counteracted the ameliorative effect of Shikonin on ALI mice. CONCLUSION: The current data showed that Shikonin alleviated LPS-induced mice ALI by activating mitochondrial MCU/mCa2+ signal and regulating macrophage metabolism.

Diagnostic Value of CT Delayed Phase Images Added to Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI for HCC Diagnosis in LR-3/4 Lesions.

Objective: To explore the potential value of gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in LR-3/4 lesions by adding computed tomography (CT) delayed images based on the Liver Imaging Reporting And Data System (LI-RADS). Methods: The differences in clinical and imaging characteristics between hepatocellular carcinoma and non-HCC were compared, and logistic regression was used to analyze the imaging risk factors for the diagnosis of HCC. Based on the main and HCC-specific auxiliary features of Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI, the HCC diagnostic model 1 was established, and the diagnostic efficacy was analyzed. Based on model 1, delayed phase CT images were added to establish model 2 to find reliable predictors of HCC diagnosis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and the DeLong test were used to compare the two models. Results: There was a significant difference in serum AFP between HCC and non-HCC (P = 0.008). Based on main and HCC-specific auxiliary features of Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI, enhancing capsule (OR = 0.197, 95% CI = 0.06-0.595, P = 0.005) and washout (OR = 10.345, 95% CI = 3.460-30.930, P < 0.001) were independent risk factors in Model 1. After adding CT delayed-phase images to build model 2, enhancing capsule (OR = 0.132, 95% CI = 0.139-0.449, P = 0.001), MRI and (or) CT washout (OR = 0.052, 95% CI = 0.016-0.172, P < 0.001) were reliable predictors for HCC diagnosis. The AUC of model 1 was 0.808, sensitivity was 63.46%, and specificity was 85.00%. The AUC of model 2 was 0.854, the sensitivity was 71.20%, and the specificity was 85.00%. DeLong test (P = 0.040) demonstrated the diagnostic efficacy of model 2 significantly superior than model 1. Conclusion: Tumor washout and enhanced capsule are reliable factors for the diagnosis of HCC. Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI with delayed phase CT images can improve the sensitivity and diagnostic efficiency of HCC in LR-3/4 lesions on the premise of maintaining high specificity. Future studies are required to reinforce our finding.

Satellitome Analysis and Transposable Elements Comparison in Geographically Distant Populations of Spodoptera frugiperda.

Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) is a member of the superfamily Noctuoidea that accounts for more than a third of all Lepidoptera and includes a considerable number of agricultural and forest pest species. Spodoptera frugiperda is a polyphagous species that is a significant agricultural pest worldwide, emphasizing its economic importance. Spodoptera frugiperda's genome size, assembly, phylogenetic classification, and transcriptome analysis have all been previously described. However, the different studies reported different compositions of repeated DNA sequences that occupied the whole assembled genome, and the Spodoptera frugiperda genome also lacks the comprehensive study of dynamic satellite DNA. We conducted a comparative analysis of repetitive DNA across geographically distant populations of Spodoptera frugiperda, particularly satellite DNA, using publicly accessible raw genome data from eight different geographical regions. Our results showed that most transposable elements (TEs) were commonly shared across all geographically distant samples, except for the Maverick and PIF/Harbinger elements, which have divergent repeat copies. The TEs age analysis revealed that most TEs families consist of young copies 1-15 million years old; however, PIF/Harbinger has some older/degenerated copies of 30-35 million years old. A total of seven satellite DNA families were discovered, accounting for approximately 0.65% of the entire genome of the Spodoptera frugiperda fall armyworm. The repeat profiling analysis of satellite DNA families revealed differential read depth coverage or copy numbers. The satellite DNA families range in size from the lowest 108 bp SfrSat06-108 families to the largest (1824 bp) SfrSat07-1824 family. We did not observe a statistically significant correlation between monomer length and K2P divergence, copy number, or abundance of each satellite family. Our findings suggest that the satellite DNA families identified in Spodoptera frugiperda account for a considerable proportion of the genome's repetitive fraction. The satellite DNA families' repeat profiling revealed a point mutation along the reference sequences. Limited TEs differentiation exists among geographically distant populations of Spodoptera frugiperda.

Using Artificial Intelligence to Establish Chest X-Ray Image Recognition Model to Assist Crucial Diagnosis in Elder Patients With Dyspnea.

Pneumonia and pulmonary edema are the most common causes of acute respiratory failure in emergency and intensive care. Airway maintenance and heart function preservation are two foundations for resuscitation. Laboratory examinations have been utilized for clinicians to early differentiate pneumonia and pulmonary edema; however, none can provide results as prompt as radiology examinations, such as portable chest X-ray (CXR), which can quickly deliver results without mobilizing patients. However, similar features between pneumonia and pulmonary edema are found in CXR. It remains challenging for Emergency Department (ED) physicians to make immediate decisions as radiologists cannot be on-site all the time and provide support. Thus, Accurate interpretation of images remains challenging in the emergency setting. References have shown that deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) have a high sensitivity in CXR readings. In this retrospective study, we collected the CXR images of patients over 65 hospitalized with pneumonia or pulmonary edema diagnosis between 2016 and 2020. After using the ICD-10 codes to select qualified patient records and removing the duplicated ones, we used keywords to label the image reports found in the electronic medical record (EMR) system. After that, we categorized their CXR images into five categories: positive correlation, negative correlation, no correlation, low correlation, and high correlation. Subcategorization was also performed to better differentiate characteristics. We applied six experiments includes the crop interference and non-interference categories by GoogLeNet and applied three times of validations. In our best model, the F1 scores for pneumonia and pulmonary edema are 0.835 and 0.829, respectively; accuracy rate: 83.2%, Recall rate: 83.2%, positive predictive value: 83.3%, and F1 Score: 0.832. After the validation, the best accuracy rate of our model can reach up to 73%. The model has a high negative predictive value of excluding pulmonary edema, meaning the CXR shows no sign of pulmonary edema. At the time, there was a high positive predictive value in pneumonia. In that way, we could use it as a clinical decision support (CDS) system to rule out pulmonary edema and rule in pneumonia contributing to the critical care of the elderly.

The progressive application of single-cell RNA sequencing technology in cardiovascular diseases.

The mortality rate of cardiovascular disease ranks first in the world. Its pathogenesis involves not only internal factors such as immunity, inflammation, metabolic disorders, and self-development but also external factors such as the environment. In the last decade, the emergence of single-cell technology has greatly promoted the development of disease research. Among them, the more mature single-cell RNA sequencing can carry out high-throughput analysis of single cells while studying with single-cell resolution. This technology enables people to characterize the heterogeneity of single cells, identify rare cell types in heart and blood vessels, and construct human heart cell map. With the data analysis of bioinformatics experts, it can also reconstruct the development track of the heart, to construct a map of heart development. Single-cell sequencing plays an important role in analyzing the human physiological structure and disease progression due to its advantages of single-cell resolution. The possibility of combining other omics technologies is proposed by summarizing the existing application examples and advanced technologies like spatial transcriptome. In this review, we summarize the current single-cell sequencing technologies (plate-based and droplet-based) and describe the data analysis process. The latest findings in cardiovascular disease using single-cell RNA sequencing technology are described. Finally, we discussed the shortcomings of single-cell RNA sequencing technology. At the same time, the possibility of the combination of single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial omics technology, and how to apply it to the study of cardiovascular diseases is discussed.

Comparative Analysis of Transposable Elements in Genus Calliptamus Grasshoppers Revealed That Satellite DNA Contributes to Genome Size Variation.

Transposable elements (TEs) play a significant role in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes genome size evolution, structural changes, duplication, and functional variabilities. However, the large number of different repetitive DNA has hindered the process of assembling reference genomes, and the genus level TEs diversification of the grasshopper massive genomes is still under investigation. The genus Calliptamus diverged from Peripolus around 17 mya and its species divergence dated back about 8.5 mya, but their genome size shows rather large differences. Here, we used low-coverage Illumina unassembled short reads to investigate the effects of evolutionary dynamics of satDNAs and TEs on genome size variations. The Repeatexplorer2 analysis with 0.5X data resulted in 52%, 56%, and 55% as repetitive elements in the genomes of Calliptamus barbarus, Calliptamus italicus, and Calliptamus abbreviatus, respectively. The LINE and Ty3-gypsy LTR retrotransposons and TcMar-Tc1 dominated the repeatomes of all genomes, accounting for 16-35% of the total genomes of these species. Comparative analysis unveiled that most of the transposable elements (TEs) except satDNAs were highly conserved across three genomes in the genus Calliptamus grasshoppers. Out of a total of 20 satDNA families, 17 satDNA families were commonly shared with minor variations in abundance and divergence between three genomes, and 3 were Calliptamus barbarus specific. Our findings suggest that there is a significant amplification or contraction of satDNAs at genus phylogeny which is the main cause that made genome size different.

Comparative mitochondrial genomes of four species of Sinopodisma and phylogenetic implications (Orthoptera, Melanoplinae).

In this study, the whole mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) from four species were sequenced. The complete mitochondrial genomes of Sinopodisma pieli, S. houshana, S. qinlingensis, and S. wulingshanensis are 15,857 bp, 15,818 bp, 15,843 bp, and 15,872 bp in size, respectively. The 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) begin with typical ATN codons, except for COXI in S. qinlingensis, which begins with ACC. The highest A+T content in all the sequenced orthopteran mitogenomes is 76.8% (S. qinlingensis), followed by 76.5% (S. wulingshanensis), 76.4% (S. pieli) and 76.4% (S. houshana) (measured on the major strand). The long polythymine stretches (T-stretch) in the A+T-rich region of the four species are not adjacent to the trnI locus but are inside the stem-loop sequences on the major strand. Moreover, several repeated elements are found in the A+T-rich region of the four species. Phylogenetic analysis based on 53 mitochondrial genomes using Bayesian Inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) revealed that Melanoplinae (Podismini) was a monophyletic group; however, the monophyly of Sinopodisma was not supported. These data will provide important information for a better understanding of the phylogenetic relationship of Melanoplinae.

Estimating conception statistics using gestational age information from NHS Numbers for Babies data.

Conception statistics routinely published for England and Wales include pregnancies that result in one or more live- or stillbirths (a maternity) or an abortion. All live births are assumed to be 38 weeks gestation as information on gestation is not collected at birth registration. For the first time, gestational age information from the National Health Service (NHS) Numbers for Babies (NN4B) data has been used to re-estimate conception statistics for 2005. This shows that 72 per cent of conceptions leading to a maternity in fact have a gestati on period that differs from 38 weeks and most of these fall at either 37 or 39 weeks. The age-specific conception rates using this revised method are not significantly different to those produced using the current method.

Research Progress on the Novel Mechanosensitive Ion Channel Piezo1 in Cardiac Fibrosis / 医用生物力学

During the occurrence and development of various heart diseases,continuous deterioration of myocardial fibrosis leads to remodeling and dysfunction of the cardiac structure.As a newly discovered mechanically sensitive ion channel,Piezo1 has opened up a new field of research on cellular mechanical transduction.Piezo1 combines a fine force transducer with Ca2+ influx and participates in the regulation of cellular mechanical transduction,thereby regulating cellular biological functions.Recent studies have shown that the biomechanical changes induced by myocardial injury regulate the expression of Piezo1 in cardiomyocytes and cause an imbalance in calcium homeostasis,which plays an important role in the positive feedback loop of myocardial fibrosis.This review summarizes the theoretical basis and related studies of Piezo1 in regulating cardiac fibrosis and suggests that the Piezo1 channel may become a new target for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis,thereby providing a new research horizon for the prevention and treatment of cardiac fibrosis.

Current Situation of Health Service Needs and Utilization among Six Zhiguo Ethnic Minority Groups in Yunnan Province / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To investigate the need for and utilization of health services among six Zhiguo ethnic minority groups in Yunnan Province,aiming to provide further evidence for the improvement of healthcare.Methods Using stratified random sampling,1921 individuals from six Zhiguo ethnic minority groups,aged 15 and above,were investigated with a structured questionnaire between August and December 2022.A structured questionnaire was used to collect participants'information on health service needs and utilization.Results Am-ong the surveyed participants,the two-week prevalence rate was found to be 22.54%,while the prevalence rate of chronic diseases was 38.52%.Among the residents,the risk of two-week prevalence was higher for females(OR=1.564),individuals aged≥60 years(OR=1.727),and those who reported poorer health utility value(OR=5.277),while it was lower for residents of Keno(OR=0.470)and Lahu(OR=0.659)ethnicity,as well as those who reported higher EQ-VAS scores(OR=0.446/0.174).Meanwhile,residents aged≥45 years(OR=3.392/7.072)were at higher risk for chronic disease prevalence,while it was lower for Keno ethnicity(OR=0.409),unmarried individuals(OR=0.479),and those with higher education levels(OR=0.629/0.603),higher EQ-VAS scores(OR=0.208)P<0.05.Additionally,among the participants,the treat-ment rate for two-week illness was 14.32%,while the non-treatment rate stood at 36.49%.Furthermore,the one-year hospitalization rate was reported as 19.89%,with a corresponding rate of individuals who needed hospitalization but did not receive it being recorded at 15.86%.Among the residents,the likelihood of treatment for two-week illness was higher for females(OR=1.461)and residents aged≥45 years(OR=1.510/1.560),whereas it was lower for individuals with higher EQ-VAS scores(OR=0.445).The likelihood of hospitalization within one year was also higher for residents aged≥60 years(OR=2.029)and individuals of Nu(OR=1.599),Lisu(OR=1.688),and Keno(OR=1.968)ethnicity,whereas those with high EQ-VAS scores(OR=0.325)had a lower risk(P<0.05).Conclusion In Yunnan Province,the need for healthcare services among six Zhiguo ethnic minority groups in this study is relatively low;however,the high prevalence of chronic diseases raises concerns.The utilization of healthcare services appears to be relatively sufficient,but the utilization of outpatient services still needs to be improved.

Value of magnetic resonance imaging-proton density fat fraction in evaluating the degree and distribution characteristics of hepatic steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection / 临床肝胆病杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the value of magnetic resonance imaging-proton density fat fraction （MRI-PDFF） in evaluating hepatic steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection. MethodsThe patients， aged >16 years， who visited the outpatient service or were hospitalized in Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital from January 2018 to December 2022 and were diagnosed with chronic HBV infection were enrolled， and all patients underwent MRI examination of the liver in our hospital. The patients were divided into groups based on the presence or absence of liver cirrhosis， and the consistency in PDFF between different hepatic segments was compared between groups. The Kappa consistency test and intraclass correlation coefficient （ICC） were used for consistency analysis. ResultsA total of 76 patients treated with nucleoside analogues were enrolled， among whom 23 （30.26%） had liver cirrhosis. For all patients， the simple arithmetic average of PDFF fluctuated between 1.49% and 30.93%. According to MRI-PDFF ≥5% as the diagnostic criterion for fatty liver disease， there were 29 patients （38.16%） with fatty liver disease among all patients. For all 76 patients， the simple arithmetic average of PDFF was lower than the weighted average of PDFF for the whole liver， and there was no significant difference between the simple arithmetic average of PDFF， the weighted average of PDFF， and the PDFF values of the left and right lobes of the liver （F=0.39， P=0.76）. The consistency test showed that the PDFF values of each hepatic segment and the left and right lobes of the liver had strong consistency with the weighted average and simple arithmetic average of PDFF， with an ICC of >0.75， but the consistency between the PDFF value of the right lobe and the weighted average of PDFF was higher than that between the PDFF value of the left lobe and the weighted average of PDFF. In the consistency test of differentiating fatty liver disease in patients with liver cirrhosis， there was poor consistency between the PDFF value of segment Ⅶ and the weighted average of PDFF （Kappa=0.39）， with moderate consistency for the left lobe and the Ⅰ， Ⅱ， Ⅲ， Ⅴ， Ⅵ， and Ⅷ segments. For the patients with liver cirrhosis， the lowest consistency was observed between the PDFF value of Ⅶ segment and the weighted average of PDFF for the whole liver， and the highest consistency was observed between the PDFF value of Ⅵ segment and the weighted average of PDFF for the whole liver. For the patients without liver cirrhosis， the lowest consistency was observed between the PDFF value of Ⅱ segment and the weighted average of PDFF for the whole liver， and the highest consistency was observed between the PDFF value of Ⅴ segment and the weighted average of PDFF for the whole liver. ConclusionMRI-PDFF is more comprehensive in evaluating hepatic steatosis in patients with chronic HBV infection， and for the patients with liver cirrhosis， there is poor consistency between the PDFF value of each segment and the weighted average of PDFF.

Polycystin-2 Ion Channel Function and Pathogenesis in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney / 生物化学与生物物理进展

Polycystin-2 (also known as PC2, TRPP2, PKD2) is a major contributor to the underlying etiology of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), which is the most prevalent monogenic kidney disease in the world. As a transient receptor potential (TRP) channel protein, PC2 exhibits cation-permeable, Ca2+-dependent channel properties, and plays a crucial role in maintaining normal Ca2+ signaling in systemic physiology, particularly in ADPKD chronic kidney disease. Structurally, PC2 protein consists of six transmembrane structural domains (S1-S6), a polycystin-specific “tetragonal opening for polycystins” (TOP) domain located between the S1 and S2 transmembrane structures, and cytoplasmic N- and C-termini. Although the cytoplasmic N-terminus and C-terminus of PC2 may not be significant in the gating of PC2 channels, there is still much protein structural information that needs to be thoroughly investigated, including the regulation of channel function and the assembly of homotetrameric ion channels. This is further supported by the presence of human disease-associated mutation sites on the PC2 structure. Moreover, PC2 synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum is enriched in specific subcellular localization via membrane transport and can assemble itself into homotetrameric ion channels, as well as form heterotrimeric receptor-ion channel complexes with other proteins. These complexes are involved in a wide range of physiological functions, including the regulation of mechanosensation, cell polarity, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. In particular, PC2 assembles with chaperone proteins to form polycystic protein complexes that affect Ca2+ transport in cell membranes, cilia, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria, and are involved in activating cell fate-related signaling pathways, particularly cell differentiation, proliferation, survival, and apoptosis, and more recently, autophagy. This leads to a shift of cystic cells from a normal uptake, quiescent state to a pathologically secreted, proliferative state. In conclusion, the complex structural and functional roles of PC2 highlight its critical importance in the pathogenesis of ADPKD, making it a promising target for therapeutic intervention.

Gastrointestinal dysfunction in prognosis of liver cirrhotic patients with sepsis / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To assess the value of acute gastrointestinal injury(AGI)and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein(I-FABP)in the prognosis of liver cirrhotic patients with sepsis.Methods Clinical data of 84 liver cirrhosis patients with sepsis who were admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU)of a hospital from September 2020 to March 2023 were analyzed retrospectively,and 41 patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis during the same period were selected as the control group.Serum I-FABP level in patients was determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Scores of the model of end-stage liver disease(MELD)and sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA)were calculated.AGI was evaluated based on medical records.30-day and 90-day survival was observed.Correlation among variables was analyzed by Spearman correlation.Risk factors for death in patients with liver cir-rhosis and sepsis was determined by multivariate Cox regression analysis.The optimal cut-off value was determined by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,and the diagnostic efficacy was compared through the area under the ROC curve(AUC).Results Both AGI grading and I-FABP level in liver cirrhosis patients with sepsis were higher than those in the control group(both P＜0.05).I-FABP level was correlated with procalcitonin(PCT),MELD,and SOFA scores in patients with liver cirrhosis and sepsis(all P＜0.05).AGI grading was positively cor-related with SOFA score(P=0.038).The 30-day and 90-day mortality of patients in the liver cirrhosis with sepsis group were 25.0％(n=21)and 35.7％(n=30),respectively.Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that baseline I-FABP and SOFA scores were independently correlated with 30-day and 90-day survival,and the I-FABP quartile showed good prognostic differentiation efficacy.ROC curve showed that I-FABP could significantly improve the predictive effect of SOFA score on the prognosis of patients.Conclusion AGI grading and I-FABP level in liver cirrhosis patients with sepsis are elevated significantly.Serum I-FABP is associated with the prognosis of patient and can improve the predictive efficacy of SOFA score for survival.

A comparative study of different surgical method for stage ⅠA non-small cell lung cancer / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To compare the clinical efficacies of video-assisted thoracoscopic segmentectomy versus lobectomy for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer.Methods The clinical data of 234 patients with stage ⅠA non-small cell lung cancer and undergoing different surgical methods under video-assisted thoracoscopy admitted to Chongqing Dianjiang General Hospital were retrospectively analyzed,and the patients were divided into the lung segment group and the lung lobe group according to their surgical methods.The clinical characteristics of the patients in the two groups were balanced by a 1-to-1 ratio matching through the propensity score matching method,and each group finally included 63 cases.The perioperative indicators containing operation time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative thoracic drainage tube indwelling time,thoracic drainage volumes 24 hours and 48 hours after operation and postoperative hospital stay were compared of patients between the two groups.The incidence of postoperative complications such as air leakage>6 days,pulmonary infection,atelectasis,hemoptysis,and hoarseness in the two groups was collected.Results There was no significant difference in the operation time,intraoperative blood loss,thoracic drainage volumes 24 hours and 48 hours after operation,postoperative thoracic drainage tube indwelling time or incidence of postoperative complications of patients between the two groups(P>0.05).The postoperative hospital stay of patients in the lung segment group was shorter than that in the lung lobe group,with statistically significant difference(P=0.003).Conclusion For patients with stage ⅠA non-small cell lung cancer,video-assisted thoracoscopic segmentectomy has similar perioperative efficacy to lobectomy,while segmentectomy has a more significant advantage in shortening the hospital stay.

Research advances in hepatitis E virus infection in pregnancy / 临床肝胆病杂志

Previous studies have shown that hepatitis E virus （HEV） infection in pregnancy can cause liver failure and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as miscarriage， stillbirth， and vertical transmission， especially in countries where HEV genotypes 1 and 2 are prevalent. In recent years， HEV infection in China is sporadic and is mainly caused by HEV genotype 4， and although studies have shown that most pregnant women with HEV infection in China have no signfinicant clinical symptoms， there is still a high incidence rate of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This article reviews the recent studies on HEV infection in pregnancy， including the advances in pathogenesis， epidemiology， prognosis， mechanism of severe exacerbation， treatment， and prognosis， and puts forward recommendations for the screening and evaluation of HEV infection in pregnancy.

Clinical application and research progress of antibody drugs conjugation in breast cancer / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

Antibody drug conjugations (ADCs) are a new class of drugs with both targeted specificity and high activity of chemotherapy drugs, which has gradually become a novel generation of therapeutic models with great clinical application prospects. In recent years, ADCs composed of monoclonal antibodies against different tumor cell surface antigens and small molecule potent cytotoxic drugs have shown superior therapeutic effects on recurrent / metastatic breast cancer. This article reviews the clinical application and research progress of ADCs with different molecular targets in the field of breast cancer.

Acute hypoxia blunts cold sensitivity through the inhibition of the lateral parabrachial nucleus in rats / 生理学报

To explore the changes of cold sensitivity after exposure to acute hypoxia and its mechanisms, Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normoxia control group (21% O2, 25 °C), 10% O2 hypoxia group (10% O2, 25 °C), 7% O2 hypoxia group (7% O2, 25 °C), normoxia cold group (21% O2, 10 °C) and hypoxia cold group (7% O2, 10 °C). Cold foot withdrawal latency and preference temperature of each group were measured, skin temperatures were estimated using an infrared thermographic imaging camera, body core temperature was recorded by wireless telemetry system, immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of c-Fos in the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB). The results showed that acute hypoxia significantly prolonged the latency of cold foot withdrawal and significantly enhanced the intensity of cold stimulation for foot withdrawal, and the rats under hypoxia preferred cold temperature. Cold exposure (10 °C) for 1 h significantly enhanced the expression of c-Fos in LPB of rats in normoxia, while hypoxia inhibited cold-induced c-Fos expression. Acute hypoxia significantly increased the skin temperature of feet and tails, decreased the skin temperature of interscapular region, and decreased the body core temperature of rats. These results indicate that acute hypoxia can significantly blunt cold sensitivity through the inhibition of LPB, suggesting actively keeping warm measures should be taken at the early stage after ascent to high altitude to prevent the upper respiratory infection and acute mountain sickness.

Advances in minimally invasive treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in liver cirrhosis / 临床肝胆病杂志

Liver cirrhosis is a common chronic liver disease in clinical practice, and the main causes of this disease include virus, alcohol, and immunity. Patients may experience a variety of complications in the late stage of liver cirrhosis, including upper gastrointestinal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome, and liver cancer, among which upper gastrointestinal bleeding is the main cause of death, and therefore, the control and prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding caused by liver cirrhosis is the key to reducing mortality rate and prolonging survival time. This article summarizes the commonly used minimally invasive methods for the treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in liver cirrhosis and analyzes the indications for different treatment methods and related advances, so as to provide a reference for clinicians to choose the most suitable treatment regimen for the patient, thereby improving the survival rate of patients.