Research progress in risk factors for venous thrombosis after knee arthroscopy / 中华创伤杂志

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication of hip and knee arthroplasty and of many major orthopedic surgeries.VTE mainly includes two aspects,ie,deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).Symptomatic PE is likely to endanger patients' life,resulting in irreversible severe consequences.With the return of venous blood,DVT may also fall off at any time,forming a new PE.Therefore,the prevention of VTE in large orthopedic surgeries has been highly valued by scholars worldwide.However,the problem of VTE after arthroscopic surgery has not drawn much attention from clinicians.Researchers have not reached a consensus on whether routine anticoagulation therapy is required after surgery because of VTE's low incidence and discrepancy among various studies (0.42％-17.9％).With a large number of knee arthroscopy being performed per year,the postoperative VTE incidence can not be ignored.For these reasons,some scholars have suggested that patients after knee arthroscopy should be stratified and that patients with a higher risk of postoperative VTE need to be given anticoagulant therapy.Risk factors for VTE after knee arthroscopy may have effects on the clinical treatment of patients.Therefore,a review of the literature to explore the possible risk factors for postoperative VTE was conducted.

Application of beach chair position and lateral decubitus position in shoulder arthroscopy / 中华骨科杂志

The clinical application of arthroscopic minimally invasive treatment of shoulder joint disease technology has become a routine,and it has been widely carried out around the world.Compared with the traditional open surgery,it only needs to establish a few channels in the shoulder and then the diagnosis and treatment of the structure under the acromion and glenoid joint internal lesions can be completed through the arthroscopic technique under direct vision,of course,including local collection of pathological specimens.Shoulder arthroscopic surgery has the advantages of simple operation technique,small economic burden of patients,small tissue trauma,quick recovery and high accuracy of disease diagnosis.At present,there are two main options for shoulder arthroscopy:the beach chair position (BCP) and the lateral decubitus position (LDP).The choice of surgical position for surgeons is closely related to the intraoperative operation,the risk of complications,the efficacy of surgery,and the cost of setting the posture.Shoulder arthroscopy of these two positions have their own advantages and disadvantages:in the BCP,the surgeon gets a better anatomical operation experience,if necessary,can be converted into open surgery at any time.Without continuous traction,upper limb nerve and vascular damage caused by traction can be avoid.But the incidence of cerebral ischemic events in patients may increase in the BCP.There is also possibility of the nerve damage of the pillow small nerve,great auricular nerve,lateral femoral cutaneous nerve and other nerves.In theory the risk of air embolism in the patients will increase in the BCP,and the cost of setting the position is also higher than the LDP.While in the LDP due to the patient's forearm continuous traction,the surgeon can get a more extensive operating space,and the occurrence of cerebral ischemic events is very rare.In the treatment of anterior shoulder instability after shoulder arthroscopic surgery,there is a lower recurrence rate in the LDP.The cost of setting the position is also significantly lower than the BCP.Of course,the disadvantages of the LDP is also obvious.In the LDP,the brachial plexus and other nerves or vascular injury may increase due to the continuous traction of the forearm.Meanwhile sustained traction in the LDP is also a risk factor for thrombosis,and so on.Therefore,there is still a debate about the optimal location of the shoulder arthroscopy.Many clinicians choose shoulder arthroscopic position based on their own experience and habits.

Preparation and property evaluation of graphene oxide based silver nanoparticles composite materials / 生物医学工程学杂志

We prepared silver nanoparticles/polyethyleneimine-reduction graphene oxide (AgNP/rGO-PEI) composite materials, and evaluated their quality performance in our center. Firstly, we prepared AgNP/rGO-PEI, and then analysed its stability, antibacterial activity, and cellular toxicity by comparing the AgNP/rGO-PEI with the silver nanoparticles (PVP/AgNP) modified by polyvinylpyrrolidone. We found in the study that silver nanoparticles (AgNP) distributed relatively uniformly in AgNP/rGO-PEI surface, silver nanoparticles mass fraction was 4.5%, and particle size was 6-13 nm. In dark or in low illumination light intensity of 3 000 lx meter environment (lux) for 10 days, PVP/AgNP aggregation was more obvious, but the AgNP/rGO-PEI had good dispersibility and its aggregation was not obvious; AgNP/rGO-PEI had a more excellent antibacterial activity, biological compatibility and relatively low biological toxicity. It was concluded that AgNP/rGO-PEI composite materials had reliable quality and good performance, and would have broad application prospects in the future.

Application of breast fiberoptic ductoscopy with abnormal nipple secretion(an analysis of 1000 cases) / 中国癌症杂志

Background and purpose:Nipple secretion is one of the frequent symptoms in mammary gland disease.Clinically,about 1% breast cancer patients demonstrate with nipple secretion as initial symptom.It could be used as a screening tool for the patients with nipple secretion but no palpated mass and increase the possibility of early diagnosis for breast cancer.In 1997,our country developed a new technique——breast fiberoptic ductoscopy(FDS). It uses a ?(0.7) millimeter optic scope to insert into the nipple discharge canal orifice,and depends on introscope technology to observe and record the normal or abnormal changes in mammary gland ductus.Its advantages are not only in highly diagnostic sensitivity(above 90%),but also in accurate location of tumor,so it can be used to diagnose early breast cancer and mammary gland ductal diseases.This study evaluated the clinical effect of breast FDS in diagnosis and treatment of abnormal nipple secretion.Methods:1 000 patients had been under examination by FDS.Results:Of the 1 000 cases,there were 33 cases((3.3%)) of early breast cancer;412 cases(41.2%) of papilloma and papillomatosis;and 480 cases(48%) of either ductal ectasia and or chronic inflammation.Duct endoscoptic biopsy was successfully performed on 30 cases,220 cases(55%) with chromic inflammation were cured by perfusion.453 cases were received operation.The accordance rate with pathologic eiagnosis was 90.7%.Conclusions:FDS is a very important and new method to diagnose breast.FDS could be inserted into 5th ducta lumen of breast and significantly increase the positive detection of breast cancer.Because the position and nature of the lesions can be determined accurately by FDS,tt is used as intervening treatment for some intraductal papilloma and chronic inflammatory disease.FDS will be of great influence on early diagnoses and treatment of the breast cancer.

Clinical application of breast fiberoptic ductoscopy in 200 cases with abnormal nipple discharge / 中国普通外科杂志

Objective This study was to evaluate breast fiberoptic ductoscopy (FDS) in the diagnosis and treatment of abnormal niple discharge(AND). [WT5”HZ]Methods [WT5”BZ] FVS 3500 superfine fiberscopy system was used to treat and diagnose 200 cases with AND. [WT5”HZ]Results [WT5”BZ] 210 orifices of nipple discharge were found in this group. FDS was successfully inserted into 204 orifices(97 0%).Early breast cancer was found in 9 cases(4 5%), papilloma and papillomatosis in 66 cases(33 0%),ductal ectasia and/or chronic inflammation in 96 cases(48 0%); “normal duct” in 29 cases(14 5%). Duct endoscopic biopsy was carried out in 10 cases. Chronic inflammation was cured by perfusion in 25 cases. 67 cases underwent surgery, diagnosis was confirmed by pathology in 95 0% with a positive rate 3 times as high as that of smear cytology.Conclusions FDS enables the evaluation on 4th ductal lumen and detection of early breast cancer. Interventional treatment was successful in some intraductal papilloma and chronic inflammatory disease.