RESUMO
In behavioral experiments on bottle-nosed dolphins there was evaluated efficiency of identification of the low frequency noises that represent a certain rhythmical sequence of impulses, at destabilization of their spectra by method of frequency wobble. Results of the experiments have shown that disturbance of spectra structure at erosion of its discrete components does not lead to a decrease of efficiency of the noise identification, which indicates the greater significance of the time, rather than spectral mechanisms at processing of the complex acoustic signals by the dolphin auditory system.
Assuntos
Percepção Auditiva/fisiologia , Golfinho Nariz-de-Garrafa/fisiologia , Audição/fisiologia , Estimulação Acústica , Animais , RuídoRESUMO
To optimize the design of SHF-based potable water disinfection and heating subsystem within the life support system (LSS), computer modeling of the super-high frequency electromagnetic field in SHF-based waveguide-coaxial and coaxial running water heaters was performed Software package CST Microwave Studio 2010 was used as the main instrument in the investigation. Results of the investigation can contribute to the development and prototyping of an HSF-based water heater as an integral part of advanced life support system for spacecrews
Assuntos
Desinfecção/estatística & dados numéricos , Sistemas Ecológicos Fechados , Calefação/estatística & dados numéricos , Sistemas de Manutenção da Vida/instrumentação , Software , Voo Espacial , Dióxido de Carbono/química , Simulação por Computador , Desinfecção/instrumentação , Desinfecção/métodos , Água Potável , Campos Eletromagnéticos , Calefação/instrumentação , Calefação/métodos , Humanos , Micro-Ondas , Modelos TeóricosRESUMO
Despite the significant symptomatic effects of levodopa, stable 24-h treatment responses are in the vast majority of patients replaced 2-3 years from the start of treatment by oscillations in motor symptoms (fluctuation, dyskinesia), amelioration of which requires addition of constant (physiological) stimulation of postsynaptic dopamine receptors. To some extent this is provided by Stalevo, which contains levodopa and two enzyme inhibitors: the DDC inhibitor carbidopa and the COMT inhibitor entacapone. The results obtained in the present study demonstrated the advantages of Stalevo over traditional agents in patients with the "wearing off" and "on-off" phenomena.
Assuntos
Antiparkinsonianos/uso terapêutico , Carbidopa/uso terapêutico , Catecóis/uso terapêutico , Levodopa/uso terapêutico , Doença de Parkinson/tratamento farmacológico , Atividades Cotidianas , Idoso , Carbidopa/efeitos adversos , Catecóis/efeitos adversos , Combinação de Medicamentos , Discinesias/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Levodopa/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Atividade Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , Pacientes Ambulatoriais , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoAssuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B/metabolismo , Proteína-Tirosina Quinase ZAP-70/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Linfócitos B/metabolismo , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B/terapia , Linfoma/metabolismo , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T/metabolismoRESUMO
We studied efficacy and tolerability of the combined drug omaron (25 mg of cinnarizine and 400 mg of piracetam in one tablet) in patients with multiple sclerosis. The dosage of the drug was 1 tablet 3 times a day during 12 weeks in 33 patients (mean age 35.3±4.2 years) of the index group. A comparison group consisted of 27 patients matched for demographic and clinical characteristics who did not receive nootropics during the study. None of patients included in the study received disease modifying drugs. The significant (p<0.05) decrease in the severity of chronic fatigue syndrome (by 28.6% compared to baseline), improvement (p<0.05) of cognitive functions (increase of MMSE scores by 9.4%) were found in the index group compared to the comparison one. The statistically significant changes in the severity of disability assessed by EDSS were not observed. Omaron was well-tolerated with no serious adverse-effects.
Assuntos
Cinarizina/uso terapêutico , Síndrome de Fadiga Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Esclerose Múltipla/tratamento farmacológico , Piracetam/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Cinarizina/efeitos adversos , Combinação de Medicamentos , Síndrome de Fadiga Crônica/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esclerose Múltipla/complicações , Piracetam/efeitos adversos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The study included 54 patients with multiple sclerosis, aged from 23 to 53 years (mean age 37.7 +/- 8.5 years). To reduce muscle tension, 34 patients of the main group received tizanidine with the modified release of active substance (sirdalud MR) in dosage one capsule (6 mg) per day. Twenty-two patients of the comparison group received a standard form of tizanidine--sirdalud in tablets (2 mg) 3 times daily. Patients were examined at baseline, 1, 2 and 4 weeks of the treatment and 2 weeks after the end of the trial. The use of different forms of sirdalud had no effect on disability (the EDSS) scores in patients. Spasticity scores (the Ashworth scale) were decreased during the treatment with different forms of sirdalud but sirdalud MR had more stable effect which remained for 2 weeks after the end of treatment (p < 0.05). Significant differences were observed between tolerability of two forms: side-effects (sleepiness, asthenia) were more frequents in patients treated with the standard form of sirdalud (p < 0.05), the rate of their reduction was significantly higher in the sirdalud MR group (p < 0.05).
Assuntos
Clonidina/análogos & derivados , Esclerose Múltipla/tratamento farmacológico , Relaxantes Musculares Centrais/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Clonidina/efeitos adversos , Clonidina/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esclerose Múltipla/fisiopatologia , Relaxantes Musculares Centrais/efeitos adversos , Debilidade Muscular/induzido quimicamente , Debilidade Muscular/fisiopatologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/induzido quimicamente , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/fisiopatologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
External counterpulsation (ECP) - is a non-invasive method of treatment providing the increase of perfusion pressure in coronary and cerebral arteries during diastole and the decrease of vascular resistance during systole. Efficacy of this method in the early rehabilitation period of ischemic stroke was studied for the first-time in Russian Federation. Twenty-six patients, aged 65,9+/-8,7 years, who survived stroke 58--115 (mean 81,6+/-15,6) days ago, were examined. Patients of group 1 (n=7) received 17 sessions of ECP, patients of group 2 (n=9) -- 35 sessions, patients of group 3 -- standard basic therapy without ECP. The maximal effect estimated as the increase of power in paretic extremities by 24,3%, decrease of spasticity by 69,6% and higher Barthel index scores (by 6,9%) as well as the increase of blood flow through inner carotid arteries by 24% (p<0,05) and spine arteries by 14% (p<0,05) were found in group 2. Side-effects of the treatment were not observed.
Assuntos
Contrapulsação/métodos , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional/fisiologia , Reabilitação do Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Resistência Vascular/fisiologia , Idoso , Circulação Cerebrovascular/fisiologia , Circulação Coronária/fisiologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
An open comparative study of efficacy and tolerability of velaxin (venlafaxine with prolonged action), which has been prescribed in a single dosage of 75 mg daily during 8 weeks, included 47 patients with subacute and chronic spondylogenic dorsopathy (SD). Degree of pain chronisation and its intensity (The Visual Analogous Scale - VAS and the Verbal Pain Scale - VPS) and levels of daily activity restriction (the modified Pain Disability Questionnaire - PDQ), anxiety and depression were measured. The comparison group consisted of 32 patients with SD matched for clinical characteristics with the main group, who did not receive antidepressants and antiepileptics in the complex treatment of pain syndrome. Scores of VAS, VPS and PDQ in the main group were 69+/-2.9; 2.8+/-0.1 and 44.2+/-3.2 respectively, at baseline; 38.8+/-3.3 (p<0.01); 1.6+/-0.2 (p<0.01) and 26.2+/-2.5 (p<0.01) after 4 weeks and 15.8+/-2.5 (p<0.05); 0.6+/-0.1 (p<0.05) and 11.2+/-1.6 (p<0.01) to the end of treatment. To the 8th week, scores on VAS, VPS and PDQ were significantly low in the main group compared to the controls (p<0.5) and the intensity of pain was reduced by 50% in 40 (85%) patients. No serious side-effects were observed.
Assuntos
Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Antidepressivos de Segunda Geração/uso terapêutico , Cicloexanóis/uso terapêutico , Dor Lombar/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Analgésicos/administração & dosagem , Antidepressivos de Segunda Geração/administração & dosagem , Doença Crônica , Cicloexanóis/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Dor Lombar/diagnóstico , Dor Lombar/diagnóstico por imagem , Dor Lombar/etiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medição da Dor , Seleção de Pacientes , Radiografia , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/administração & dosagem , Doenças da Coluna Vertebral/complicações , Osteofitose Vertebral , Espondilite , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Cloridrato de VenlafaxinaRESUMO
Baclosan (baclofen), a GABA analogue, has been used in the treatment of 20 patients, aged 20-56 years, with a pain syndrome in dorsopathy of lumbar spine. Baclosan has been administered in the increasing dosages (from 10 mg to 30 mg per day) for 4 weeks in conjunction with traditional therapy (symptomatic pharmacotherapy, physiotherapy, reflexotherapy etc).The control group consisted of 10 patients who received only basic therapy (without baclosan). Patient's status has been measured clinically and with several scales. The results obtained allow to conclude that baclosan exerts a positive effect in the pain syndrome caused by dorsopathy. Its inclusion to the complex therapy reduces both the pain intensity and the degree of muscle-tonic tension as well as improves the motor function and emotional state of patients.
Assuntos
Baclofeno , Relaxantes Musculares Centrais/farmacologia , Relaxantes Musculares Centrais/uso terapêutico , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/fisiopatologia , Síndromes da Dor Miofascial , Doenças da Coluna Vertebral/etiologia , Adulto , Baclofeno/análogos & derivados , Baclofeno/farmacologia , Baclofeno/uso terapêutico , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Síndromes da Dor Miofascial/complicações , Síndromes da Dor Miofascial/tratamento farmacológico , Síndromes da Dor Miofascial/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
The authors review the use of axamon in the complex rehabilitation of neurological patients with movement disorders in the pathology of lumbar spine. Axamon (ipidacrine) stimulates neuromuscular transmission and excitement conduction via nerves and smooth muscles due to the blockade of potassium channels of the excited membrane and cholinesterase inhibition. Authors studied the efficacy of complex therapy of dorsopathy of lumbar spine in 90 patients using axamon, movalis, pantogamum in different combination and manual methodics. Patient's status has been measured clinically and with several scales. The results obtained allow to conclude that the combination of axamon and pantogamum exerts the best theraupetic effect without any side symptoms.
Assuntos
Aminoquinolinas/uso terapêutico , Antidiscinéticos/uso terapêutico , Dor Lombar , Transtornos dos Movimentos/epidemiologia , Adulto , Aminoquinolinas/administração & dosagem , Antidiscinéticos/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Dor Lombar/tratamento farmacológico , Dor Lombar/epidemiologia , Dor Lombar/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos dos Movimentos/diagnóstico , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
Despite significant symptomatic effect of levodopa, in most patients the stable 24 hour's effect changed for alterations of movement symptoms (fluctuations, dyskinesia) after 2-3 years of the therapy. These complications may be reduced due to the constant (physiologic) stimulation of post-synaptic dopamine receptors that, to a certain degree, provides the drug stalevo, which contains levodopa and 2 enzyme inhibitors, dopa decarboxylase (carbidopa) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (entacapone). The results of the study demonstrated beneficial effects of stalevo as compared to traditional therapy in patients with "wearing off" and "on-off" phenomena.