RESUMO
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disorder with a rising global prevalence. The primary objective of this study was to explore the relationship between the GRK5 variant (rs10886471) and the therapeutic effect of repaglinide in patients of T2DM in Peshawar, Pakistan. A quasi-experimental study was designed. The study group consisted of patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) categorized into responders and non-responders based on their HbA1c level reduction in response to repaglinide treatment. After ethical approval, and consent from the participants, sociodemographic and clinical data was collected from 60 T2DM patients. Blood samples were collected followed by DNA extraction and quantification with UV-Vis Spectroscopy. Genotyping for the GRK5 variant rs10886471 was done using the PCR-based method. Among socio-demographic factors family history and BMI showed significant association (P<0.05) with the therapeutic response to repaglinide. The Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and logistic regression of GRK5 variant rs10886471 exhibited a significant association with the therapeutic response. Variant allele exhibited significant association (OR: 1.2, p=0.049) with the therapeutic response to repaglinide. The study demonstrated a significant relationship between the GRK5 variant (rs10886471) and the therapeutic response to repaglinide in patients of T2DM of Peshawar, Pakistan.
Assuntos
Carbamatos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Quinase 5 de Receptor Acoplado a Proteína G , Hipoglicemiantes , Piperidinas , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Masculino , Feminino , Paquistão , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Quinase 5 de Receptor Acoplado a Proteína G/genética , Carbamatos/uso terapêutico , Piperidinas/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/metabolismo , Resultado do Tratamento , IdosoRESUMO
The current study determines the possible antitumor and immunomodulatory effects of thymosin against the in vivo and in vitro growth of tumor-derived cell line in mice. Peritoneal phagocytes count, Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells, T- lymphocytes, and B- lymphocytes activities were determined. In addition, serum level of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and liver functions were measured. In animal testing, thymosin at doses of 0.50 and 1mg activated the phagocytic function of macrophages, as well as T- and B- cell function. Thymosin caused a marked shortage in the proliferation of EAT cells in the peritoneal fluid with dose 0.50g as compared with that of the corresponding control group. Furthermore, treatment with thymosin caused effectively elevate in serum level of IL-2, on the contrary reduce in serum levels of ALT, AST and total proteins. The size of solid Ehrlich tumor was significantly decreased, as measured morphologically with the doses 0.50 and 1 mg (P<0.01). These results confirmed that many biological activities attributed to thymosin and is as an adjuvant for immune enhancement.
Assuntos
Citocromo P-450 CYP1A1/genética , Glutationa Transferase/genética , Linfoma não Hodgkin/etiologia , Fumar Tabaco/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Incidência , Linfoma não Hodgkin/epidemiologia , Linfoma não Hodgkin/genética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Paquistão/epidemiologia , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Fumar Tabaco/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Associations of GSTM1, GSTT1 and CYP1A1 gene variants with risk of developing nasopharyngeal cancer were evaluated in this case-control study, in which 130 cases along with 151 population-based healthy controls of Pashtun ethnicity from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan were recruited. Socio-demographic data were obtained and blood samples were collected with informed consent for analysis. Specific RT-PCR and conventional PCR methods were used to detect CYP1A1 and GSTs, respectively, and results analyzed through SPSS version 20. Study showed that CYP1A1 homozygous (C/C) had an almost 4-fold increased risk for nasopharyngeal cancer; while heterozygous (T/C) had an almost 2 times increased risk. Overall the C allele is significantly associated with nasopharyngeal cancer as compared to T allele. Null genotypes of GSTM1 were having 3-fold increased risk; whereas null genotype of GSTT1 was having 2 times increased risk. Similarly, GSTM/GSTT both null genotype was having more than 5 times increased association. Presence of all three gene variants showed strong and significant association. Findings of the study suggest that presence of GSTM1 and/or GSTT1 null genotypes along with variant alleles of CYP1A1 are significant risk factors for nasopharyngeal cancer susceptibility in Pashtun population.
Assuntos
Citocromo P-450 CYP1A1/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Glutationa Transferase/genética , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/genética , Nicotiana/efeitos adversos , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Adulto , Alelos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Etnicidade/genética , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Paquistão , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Medicines are often consumed concurrently with food; sometimes to improve its absorption and efficacy. However, certain foods may modify the function of drug metabolizing enzymes or transport mechanisms that are crucial determinants of systemic drug availability. Extensive work has been reported on certain juices like grapefruit that affects the bioavailability of more than 60 medications. However, relatively less work has been reported on certain other commonly used fruit juices, especially in Pakistan, such as mango, strawberry, apple, banana, pomegranate and grape etc. Present review has taken an account of the current work done in this area.