The Impact of Mental Illness and Intellectual Disability Information on General Public Perceptions of a Person Convicted of a Child Sex Offence.

A person convicted of sex offences (PCSO) is confronted with several challenges upon re-entry to the community, often facing difficulties accessing housing and employment, and experiencing stigmatisation, hostility and harassment from community members. Given the importance of community support for successful reintegration, we examined differences in public (N = 117) attitudes toward a PCSO against a child (PCSO-C) with mental illness or intellectual disability compared to a neurotypical PCSO-C in an online survey. At present, differences in attitudes towards these groups has not been explored. Results indicated the PCSO-Cs with intellectual disability or mental illness were seen to pose less risk of sexual reoffending and prompted higher levels of reintegration comfort than the neurotypical PCSO-C. Participants' prior personal exposure to mental illness or intellectual disability was unrelated to attitudes, but those who believed that PCSOs in general have a low capacity for change attributed greater risk of sexual reoffending, greater risk of future harm to children, higher levels of blame and lower reintegration comfort, regardless of MI and ID information. Female participants also perceived greater risk of future harm to adults, and older participants estimated higher risk of sexual reoffending than younger participants. Findings have implications for community acceptance of PCSO-Cs and jury decision-making processes and highlight the importance of public education regarding neurodiverse PCSO-Cs and PCSO capacity for change to encourage knowledge-based judgements.

Sextual Intercourse: Considering Social-Cognitive Predictors and Subsequent Outcomes of Sexting Behavior in Adulthood.

The purpose of this study was to identify specific social-cognitive factors that may influence the likelihood of engaging in sexting, and potential positive and negative outcomes of such behaviors, in adults. We asked 244 adult participants (64.5% women) to complete a set of online measures reflecting sexting engagement, social-cognitive factors (definitions, differential association, differential reinforcement, and imitation), and outcomes of sexting behavior (risky sexual behavior appraisal, sexual satisfaction, and relationship satisfaction). Results showed that 77.6% of our sample had sexted. Sexting in the context of a romantic relationship was predicted by differential reinforcement and friend imitation, while positive definitions of sexting alone predicted sexting someone outside the context of a romantic relationship. This indicates that motivations for sexting engagement may be context specific in adulthood. Those who had sexted demonstrated significantly higher sexual satisfaction than those who had never sexted. However, sexting outside of a romantic relationship predicted reduced perceived risk and heightened perceived benefit of engaging in real-life risky sexual behaviors. This suggests there may be both positive and negative implications of sexting engagement in adulthood.

Initial tweet valence, abuse volume, and observer Dark Tetrad characteristics influence perceptions of female celebrity abuse on Twitter.

Research into relationships between victim-generated content, abuse received, and observer characteristics when considering Twitter abuse has been limited to male victims. We evaluated participant perceptions of female celebrity victims and abuse received on Twitter. We used a 3 (Initial Tweet Valence; negative, neutral, positive) × 2 (Abuse Volume; low, high) repeated measures design and online survey method. Participants were shown tweets generated by six female celebrities, counterbalanced such that each participant saw each celebrity in one Valence-Volume condition. Stimuli were presented across six 'lists' such that celebrity 'victims' could be rotated across Valence-Volume pairings. Participants rated-per target stimulus-the level of blame attributable to the victim and the perceived severity of the incident. Furthermore, participants were asked to complete a Dark Tetrad scale-measuring their Machiavellianism, Narcissism, Psychopathy, and Sadism. Analyses determined that victim-blaming was influenced by victim Initial Tweet Valence (greater victim-blaming associated with more-negative content) and observer Machiavellianism. Perceived severity was influenced by victim Initial Tweet Valence, Volume of Abuse received, and observer Machiavellianism. Results were consistent with previous research involving male celebrity victims. Further research is needed to understand the contributions of participants' hostile and benevolent sexism, as well as the role of victim attractiveness.

Child-Dog Attachment, Emotion Regulation and Psychopathology: The Mediating Role of Positive and Negative Behaviours.

Emerging evidence suggests that pet dogs can offer features of a secure attachment which has been associated with healthy psychological development across the lifespan. Limited research has investigated the underpinning mechanisms that may contribute to the benefits and risks of child-dog attachment during childhood. This study aimed to test the potential mediating role of caregiver-observed positive and negative child-dog behaviours, on the relationship between child-reported child-dog attachment, and caregiver-reported child psychopathology and emotion regulation. Data from 117 caregiver reports and 77 child self-reports were collected through an online survey in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Parallel mediation analyses indicated that child-dog attachment had a significant indirect effect on conduct problems through negative child-dog behaviours only. Child-dog attachment had a significant indirect effect on emotional symptoms, peer problems, prosocial behaviour, emotion regulation, and emotional lability/negativity through both positive and negative child-dog behaviours. Although this study found modest effect sizes, the findings suggest that the types of interactions that children engage in with their pet dogs may be important mechanisms through which pet attachment contributes to psychological development throughout childhood, and therefore further attention is warranted. Positive and safe child-dog interactions can be facilitated through education and intervention, which may have implications for promoting positive developmental outcomes.

Neumomediastino en Covid-19 / Pneumomediastinum in Covid-19

El objetivo del presente estudio de serie de casos se centra en la descripción de las posibles causas responsables de la aparición de neumomediastino en la infección por el virus SARS-CoV-2. Para ello se han descrito las características de los pacientes ingresados en el Hospital de Jerez de la Frontera que desarrollaron esta complicación, detallando los factores de riesgo, motivo de ingreso hospitalario, factores desencadenantes de neumomediastino, así como la clínica y tipo de oxigenoterapia recibida durante su ingreso. Tras su estudio, se concluye que la etiología más probable de aparición de neumomediastino en estos cuatro sujetos fue la neumonía bilateral por el virus SARS-CoV-2, pudiendo también contribuir de manera importante en su desarrollo, la utilización de ventilación mecánica no invasiva. (AU)

The objective of this case series study focuses on the description of the possible causes responsible for the appearance of pneumomediastinum in SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. To this end, the characteristics of the patients admitted to the Jerez de la Frontera Hospital who developed this complication have been described, detailing the risk factors, reason for hospital admission, factors that trigger pneumomediastinum, as well as the clinic and type of oxygen therapy received during treatment. Your income. After their study, it is concluded that the most likely etiology of the appearance of pneumomediastinum in these four subjects was bilateral pneumonia due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and the use of noninvasive mechanical ventilation may also contribute significantly to its development. (AU)

Expression of the Met/HGF receptor in normal and neoplastic human tissues.

The MET oncogene encodes a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor. Recently, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a potent growth factor for hepatocytes involved in liver regeneration, has been proposed as a ligand. In this paper, the physiological role of the human Met/HGF receptor is investigated by studying its specific distribution in normal and neoplastic tissues. Northern blot analysis has shown that the MET gene is selectively expressed in several epithelial tissues. High levels of MET mRNA have been found in liver, gastrointestinal tract, thyroid and kidney. Western blot analysis has shown that the levels of the Met protein generally correspond to those of the mRNA. However, in the thyroid, where there is a high level of MET mRNA, the protein was barely detectable, suggesting translational or post-translational regulation. The protein was also detected in the brain. Normal or increased levels of MET mRNA and Met protein were consistently found in fresh samples of carcinomas as well as in epithelial tumor cell lines. In thyroid carcinomas of a specific histiotype the amount of Met protein, almost undetectable in the normal counterpart, was found to be increased more than 100-fold. The tissue distribution of the Met/HGF receptor indicates that this molecule is involved in growth control of epithelial cells other than hepatocytes and suggests that its increased expression may confer a growth advantage to neoplastic cells.

The effects of association strength and cross-modal correspondence on the development of multimodal stimuli.

In addition to temporal and spatial contributions, multimodal binding is also influenced by association strength and the congruency between stimulus elements. A paradigm was established in which an audio-visual stimulus consisting of four attributes (two visual, two auditory) was presented, followed by questions regarding the specific nature of two of those attributes. We wanted to know how association strength and congruency would modulate the basic effect that responding to same-modality information (two visual or two auditory) would be easier than retrieving different-modality information (one visual and one auditory). In Experiment 1, association strengths were compared across three conditions: baseline, intramodal (100 % association within modalities, thereby benefiting same-modality retrieval), and intermodal (100 % association between modalities, thereby benefiting different-modality retrieval). Association strength was shown to damage responses to same-modality information during intermodal conditions. In Experiment 2, association strength was manipulated identically, but was combined with cross-modally corresponding stimuli (further benefiting different-modality retrieval). The locus of the effect was again on responses to same-modality information, damaging responding during intermodal conditions but helping responding during intramodal conditions. The potential contributions of association strength and cross-modal congruency in promoting learning between vision and audition are discussed in relation to a potential default within-modality binding mechanism.

Atypical chest pain: coronary or esophageal disease?

Retrosternal pain can be caused both by cardiac and esophageal disease. This work presents the results of cardiac and esophageal investigations in 55 patients, who had atypical chest pain. Isolated esophageal disease was found in 45% of the subjects while 14.5% had significant coronary arterial disease. Both diseases were found in 10.9% of the patients and neither disease in 29%. We conclude that esophageal disease is very frequent in patients with atypical chest pain but it does not always completely account for the symptoms. Such patients should, in our opinion, be submitted to an electrocardiographic stress test. If the result is positive or non-diagnostic, coronary cineangiography should be performed, irrespective of the results of esophageal investigations. If the electrocardiographic stress test is negative, coronary investigations can be deferred. Esophageal investigations can account for the symptoms in about half of such cases.

Derrame pleural bilateral recidivante como forma de presentación de un síndrome de Clark / Relapsed bilateral pleural effusion as indication of clarkson’s disease

El síndrome del escape capilar sistémico o síndrome de Clarkson es una rara y fatal enfermedad, que se caracteriza por cuadros de edema generalizado, hemoconcentración, hipoalbuminemia y shock hipovolémico. En la actualidad, hay publicados unos 150 casos en todo el mundo y, aunque la etiopatogenia aún no está totalmente conocida, parece producirse por alteraciones del endotelio vascular, posiblemente mediado por citoquinas, leucotrienos y factor de crecimiento del endotelio vascular, produciendo la liberación de plasma y proteínas al compartimento intersticial. El paso de células a este compartimento genera hipotensión, menor llegada de oxígeno a tejidos y posible shock hipovolémico1 . El diagnóstico de este proceso es, siempre, por exclusión y su tratamiento no está claro. Estudiamos un caso de derrame pleural recidivante como forma de presentación muy rara de un síndrome de escape capilar crónico, diagnóstico al que se llega por exclusión de otras causas

Capillary leak syndrome or Clarkson's Disease is a rare and fatal medical condition. It is characterized by generalized edema, hemoconcentration, hypoalbuminemia and hypovolemic shock. Currently, some 150 cases have been published all over the world. Although the etiopathogenesis is still not fully understood, this pathology seems to be caused by alterations of the vascular endothelium, possibly mediated by cytokines, leukotrienes and vascular endothelium growth factor, to produce the liberation of plasma and proteins into the interstitial cavity. Cells leaking into this cavity generate hypotension, less oxygen flow and possible hypovolemic shock. Diagnosing this process is always by exclusion and its treatment is not clear. We studied a case of relapsed pleural effusion as a rare presentation of this capillary leak syndrome, the diagnosis of which was reached by excluding other causes

Tos crónica invalidante e infecciones de repetición / Chronic, disabling cough and repeated infections

La tos crónica, o tos que perdura más de 8 semanas, es un síntoma muy habitual en la práctica clínica médica. Existen numerosas etiologías que se manifiestan con tos crónica, por tanto, es fundamental para el médico realizar un enfoque sistemático que le permita hacer un correcto diagnóstico diferencial. Es muy inusual encontrar como origen de tos crónica la presencia de anomalías traqueales, como es el caso de la traqueomalacia. Esta comprende diferentes condiciones de la tráquea, que tienen en común la mayor proximidad de las paredes traqueales. Habitualmente, la tráquea cambia su morfología de manera fisiológica durante el ciclo respiratorio, dependiendo del impacto producido por la presión del aire. El colapso dinámico de la vía aérea puede conducir a una obstrucción casi completa de la misma durante la espiración produciendo, entre otros síntomas, tos. Para su manejo se pueden emplear stents de silicona en Y, como tratamiento sintomático definitivo, en pacientes con riesgo quirúrgico alto

Chronic cough or a cough that lasts more than eight weeks is a common symptom in medical practice. A large number of etiologies are expressed with chronic cough; therefore, it is essential that the doctor carries out a systematic focus that leads to a correct, differential diagnosis. It is most unusual that chronic cough originates from tracheal abnormality, as in the case of tracheomalacia. This includes a variety of tracheal conditions that all share greater proximity of the tracheal walls. Usually, the trachea alters its physiological morphology when breathing, depending on the impact of air pressure. The dynamic collapse of the airway could lead to an almost complete obstruction of the airway during expiration, thus causing, among other symptoms, cough. Silicone Y stents may be used to treat the symptoms in patients with high surgical risk